1-savol. What is the economy? What does a professional economist do?

1-savol. What is the economy? What does a professional economist do?
What is the economy?
An economy is the system for deciding how scarce resources are used so that goods and services can be produced and consumed.
Resources are things like land, people (who can work or innovate through their ideas) and raw materials. They are seen as scarce because we have unlimited wants but there are not enough resources to produce the goods and services to satisfy these wants.
What is an Economist?
An economist studies economic and statistical data as well as the production and distribution of resources, goods, and services. Areas of specialization can include agriculture, education, health, finance, and labor.
A generally accepted interpretation in academia is that an economist is one who has attained a Ph.D. in economics, teaches economic science, and has published literature in a field of economics.
What does an Economist do?
Economists apply economic analysis to issues within a variety of fields. Some economists study the cost of products, healthcare, or energy. Others examine employment levels, business cycles, or exchange rates. Yet others analyze the effect of taxes, inflation, or interest rates.
Economists typically do the following:
-Research and analyze economic issues
-Conduct surveys and collect data
-Analyze data using mathematical models and statistical techniques
-Prepare reports, tables, and charts that present research results
Interpret and forecast market trends
-Advise businesses, governments, and individuals on economic topics
-Design policies or make recommendations for solving economic problems
-Write articles for publication in newsletters and academic journals
Economists often study historical trends and use them to make forecasts. They research and analyze data using a variety of software programs, including spreadsheets, statistical analysis, and database management programs. More than half of all economists work in federal, state, and local government. They also project spending needs and inform policy makers on the economic impact of laws and regulations.
Tarjimasi.
Iqtisodiyot nima?
Iqtisodiyot qanday qilib qaror qabul qilish tizimidir kam resurslardan shunday foydalaniladiki, tovarlar va xizmatlar ishlab chiqarilishi va iste’mol qilinishi mumkin. Resurslar er, odamlar (o'z g'oyalari bilan ishlashi yoki innovatsiya qila oladigan) kabi narsalardir xomashyo. Ular etarli emas deb hisoblanadi, chunki bizda cheksiz ehtiyojlar bor, lekin bor bu ehtiyojlarni qondirish uchun tovar va xizmatlar ishlab chiqarish uchun resurslar yetarli emas.
Iqtisodchi nima?
Iqtisodchi iqtisodiy va statistik ma'lumotlarni, shuningdek, resurslar, tovarlar va xizmatlarni ishlab chiqarish va taqsimlashni o'rganadi. Mutaxassislik sohalari qishloq xoʻjaligi, taʼlim, sogʻliqni saqlash, moliya va mehnatni oʻz ichiga olishi mumkin.
Akademiyada umumiy qabul qilingan talqin shundan iboratki, iqtisodchi fan nomzodi ilmiy darajasini olgan kishidir. iqtisod bo‘yicha, iqtisod fanidan dars beradi, iqtisod sohasida adabiyotlar nashr etgan.
Iqtisodchi nima qiladi?
Iqtisodchilar iqtisodiy tahlilni turli sohalardagi masalalarga qo'llaydilar. Ba'zi iqtisodchilar mahsulot, sog'liqni saqlash yoki energiya narxini o'rganadilar. Boshqalar bandlik darajasini, biznes sikllarini yoki valyuta kurslarini tekshiradi. Boshqalar esa soliqlar, inflyatsiya yoki foiz stavkalarining ta'sirini tahlil qiladilar.
Iqtisodchilar odatda quyidagilarni bajaradilar:
Iqtisodiy masalalarni o'rganish va tahlil qilish
Anketalar o'tkazing va ma'lumotlarni to'plang
Matematik modellar va statistik usullardan foydalangan holda ma'lumotlarni tahlil qilish
Tadqiqot natijalarini ko'rsatadigan hisobotlar, jadvallar va diagrammalarni tayyorlang
Bozor tendentsiyalarini sharhlash va prognoz qilish
Iqtisodiy mavzularda korxonalar, hukumatlar va jismoniy shaxslarga maslahat bering
Iqtisodiy muammolarni hal qilish uchun siyosatlarni ishlab chiqish yoki tavsiyalar berish
Axborot byulletenlarida va ilmiy jurnallarda chop etish uchun maqolalar yozing
Iqtisodchilar ko'pincha tarixiy tendentsiyalarni o'rganadilar va prognoz qilish uchun ulardan foydalanadilar. Ular turli xil dasturiy ta'minot dasturlari, jumladan, elektron jadvallar, statistik tahlil va ma'lumotlar bazasini boshqarish dasturlari yordamida ma'lumotlarni tadqiq qiladi va tahlil qiladi. Barcha iqtisodchilarning yarmidan ko'pi federal, shtat va mahalliy hukumatlarda ishlaydi. Ular, shuningdek, xarajatlar ehtiyojlarini loyihalashtiradi va siyosatchilarni qonunlar va qoidalarning iqtisodiy ta'siri haqida xabardor qiladi.