A, ab (+abl) away from, from ab ovo from the egg (beginning) abeo, abire, abii, abitus

partes, partium, fpl political party

parvus, parva, parvum small

passer, passeris, m sparrow

passus, passus, m pace

passus, passus, m pace

pastor, pastoris, m shepherd

pastor, pastoris, m shepherd

patella, patellae, f kneecap

pater, patris, m father

paterfamilias head father

patior, pati, passus sum to endure, suffer

patria, patriae, f country

pauci, paucae, pauca few

paulisper for a little (time)

pauper, pauper, pauper (G pauperis) poor

pavo, pavonis, m peacock

pax, pacis, f peace

pectus, pectoris, n chest, breast

pecunia, pecuniae, f money

pedes, peditis, m foot soldier

pedites, peditum, mpl infantry

peior, peior, peius worse

pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus to drive, rout

per (+acc) through, along

per capita per head

per centum per one hundred

per diem daily

per se by itself, in itself

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus to lose, destroy

pereo, perire, perii, peritus to perish, die

perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectus to carry out, complete

periculum, periculi, n danger

peritus, perita, peritum (+gen) skilled in (+gen)

persona, personae, m character (in a play)

persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasus (+dat) to persuade

perterritus, perterrita, perterritum terrified

pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventus to reach

pes, pedis, m foot

pessimus, pessima, pessimum very bad, worst

peto, petere, petivi, petitus to seek, head for, attack

philosophia, philosophiae, f philosophy

philosophus, philosophi, m philosopher

pictor, pictoris, m painter

pila, pilae, f ball

piscator, piscatoris, m fisherman

piscis, piscis, m fish

pistor, pistoris, m baker

pius, pia, pium loyal, good, pious

placeo, placere, placui, placitus (+dat) to please

placet (+dat) it is pleasing (to someone)

plaudo, plaudere, plausi, plausus to applaud, clap

plebs, plebis, f mob, common people

plenus, plena, plenum (+abl) full (of)

plures, plures, plura more

plurimus, plurima, plurimum most, very many

plus, pluris, n more

poena, poenae, f punishment

poenas do to pay the penalty, be punished

poeta, poetae, m poet

pollex, pollicis, m thumb, big-toe

pompa, pompae, f procession, parade

pono, ponere, posui, positus to put, place

pons, pontis, m bridge

pontifex, pontificis, m priest

populus, populi, m people

porcus, porci, m pig

porta, portae, f gate

portō, portare, portavi, portatus to carry

portus, portus, m harbor, port

posco, poscere, poposci to demand

possum, posse, potui to be able

post (+acc) behind, after

post meridiem (PM) afternoon

post mortem after death

post scriptum written afterwards

postea afterward

postquam after

postridie on the next day

postulo, postulare, postulavi, postulatus to demand

potens, potens, potens (G potentis) powerful

potestas, potestatis, f power

praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitus to offer, show

praeda, praedae, f booty, prize

praedo, praedonis, m pirate

praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectus to put (acc) in command of (dat)

praemium, praemii, n reward, prize

praesidium, praesidii, n protection, guard, garrison

praesto, praestare, praestiti, praestitus to show, excel, perform

praesto, praestare, praestiti, praestitus to show, excel, perform

praesum, praeesse, praefui to be in command of (dat)

praeter (+acc) beyond, except

praeterea besides, moreover

praetereo, praeterire, praeterii, praeteritus to go past

premo, premere, pressi, pressus to push, press

pretium, pretii, n price

prima facie obvious on the face of it

primum first (adverb)

primus, prima, primum first

primus, prima, primum first

princeps, principis, m chief, emperor

pro (+abl) for, in front of

pro bono for free

probo, probare, probavi, probatus to approve of

procedo, procedere, processi, processus to advance, procede

procul far away

procurator, procuratoris, m governor

proelium, proelii, n battle

proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum to set out

progredior, progredi, progressus sum to advance

prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitus to prevent

promitto, promittere, promisi, promissus to promise

prope (+acc) near

propter (+acc) because of, on account of

prospicio, prospicio, prospexi, prospectus to look out at

prospicio, prospicio, prospexi, prospectus to look out at

provideo, providere, providi, provisus to see ahead, provide

provincia, provinciae, f province

proximus, proxima, proximum nearest, next

prudens, prudens, prudens (G prudentis) sensible, wise

publicanus, publicani, m tax collector

publicus, publica, publicum public

puella, puellae, f girl

puer, pueri, m boy

puerilis, puerilis, puerile childish

pugil, pugilis, m boxer

pugio, pugionis, m dagger

pugna, pugnae, f fight

pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatus to fight

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum beautiful

pulmo, pulmonis, m lung

pulso, pulsare, pulsavi, pulsatus to hit, knock

punio, punire, punivi, punitus to punish

purgo, purgare, purgavi, purgatus to clean

puto, putare, putavi, putatus to think
Q

quadraginta forty

quae who (fem)

quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus to ask, seek

qualis, qualis, quale? what sort (of)?

quam ( with superlatives) as…as possible

quam (with comparatives) than

quamquam although

quando? when?

quanti? how much?

quantus, quanta, quantum? how great?, how much?

quartus, quarta, quartum fourth

quasi as if, like

quasi as if, like

quattuor four

quattuor four

quattuordecim fourteen

-que and (in front of word)

qui who (masc)

quia because

quid agis? how are you?

quid pro quo something for something

quid? what?

quidam, quaedam, quoddam a certain

quidem indeed

quies, quietis, f rest, calm

quies, quietis, f rest, calm

quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietus to rest

quindecim fifteen

quinquaginta fifty

quinque five

quintus, quinta, quintum fifth

quis? who?

quisquam, quisquam, quicquam anyone, anything

quisque, quaeque, quidque each, every

quisquis, quisquis, quicquid whoever, whatever

quo? to where?

quod because

quomodo? how?

quoque also

quot? how many?
R

raeda, raedae, f carriage

ramus, rami, m branch, limb

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus to snatch, seize

ratio, rationis, f account, reason, plan

re vera really, in truth

recens, recens, recens (recentis) new, fresh

recens, recens, recens (recentis) new, fresh

recipe (Rx) take

recipe (Rx) take

recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus to take back

recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatus to recite

rectus, recta, rectum straight, correct

reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus to give back

redeo, redire, redii, reditus to go back

redeo, redire, redii, reditus to return, go back

refero, referre, retuli, relatus to bring back, report

regia, regiae, f palace

regina, reginae, f queen

regio, regionis, f region

regnum, regni kingdom

regō, regere, rexi, rectus to rule

regredior, regredi, regressus sum to return

relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus to leave behind

reliquus, reliqua, reliquum remaining, left over

rem gero to conduct a matter

renes, renium, fpl kidneys

repello, repellere, reppuli, repulsus to push back

reperio, reperire, repperi, repertus to discover

reprehendo, reprehendere, reprehendi, reprehensus to catch, seize

requiescat in pace (RIP) rest in peace

res, rei, f thing, matter, business, situation

resisto, resistere, restiti (+dat) to resist

respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsus to answer

respublica, reipublicae, f republic

retineo, retinere, retinui, retentus to hold back

revoco, revocare, revocavi, revocatus to call back

rex, regis, m king

rideo, ridere, risi, risus to laugh, smile

ripa, ripae, f bank (of river)

rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus to ask

Romanus, Romani, m Roman

rostra, rostrorum, npl spealer platform

rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus to burst, break

ruo, ruere, rui, rutus to rush

rursus again

rus, ruris, n the country (side)
S

sacer, sacra, sacrum sacred, holy

sacerdos, sacerdotis, m priest

saepe often

saevus, saeva, saevum savage

sagitta, sagittae, f arrow

salio, salire, salui, saltus to jump

saltatrix, saltatricis, f dancer

salus, salutis, f safety, health, greeting

salūtō, salutare, salutavi, salutatus to greet

salvē! / salvēte! hello!

sanguis, sanguis, m blood

sapientia, sapientiae, f wisdom

satis enough

saxum, saxi, n stone, rock

scelestus, scelesta, scelestum wicked

scelus, sceleris, n crime

schola, scholae, f school, lecture

scholam habeo to give a lecture

scientia, scientiae, f knowledge

scio, scire, scivi, scitus to know

scrībō, scribere, scripsi, scriptus to write

scriptor, scriptoris, m writer

scutum, scuti, n shield

scutum, scuti, n shield

se, sese himself, herself, itself, themselves

secundus, secunda, secundum favorable

secundus, secunda, secundum second

sed but

sedecim sixteen

sedeō, sedere, sedi, sessus to sit

sella, sellae, f chair

semper always

Senatus PopulusQue Romanus (SPQR) The Senate and the People of Rome

senatus, senatus, m senate

senex, senis, m old man

senior, senior, senius (G senioris) older, elder

sententia, sententiae, f opinion

sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus to notice, feel

septem seven

septendecim seventeen

septimus, septima, septimum seventh

septuaginta seventy

sepulcrum, sepulcri, n tomb

sequor, sequi, secutus sum to follow

serpens, serpentis, m snake

servo, servare, servavi, servatus to protect, save

servus, sevi, m slave, servant

severus, severa, severum stern, harsh

sex six

sexaginta sixty

sextus, sexta, sextum sixth

si if

sic in such a way, thus, so

sic thus

sic thus

sicut just as, like

significo, significare, significavi, significatus to indicate

signum, signi, n signal, sign, standard

silva, silvae, f forest, woods

similis, similis, simile like

simul together, at the same time

sine (+abl) without

sine die no date to reassemble

sine qua non the essential element

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum left

sinistrā on the left hand side

sino, sinere, sivi, situs to allow

situs, sita, situm located

situs, sita, situm located

socius, socii, m ally

sol, solis, m sun

soleo, solere, solitus sum to be accustomed

sollicitus, sollicita, sollicitum anxious

solus, sola, solum alone, only (Nasty Nine Adj)

solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus to loosen, cast off

somnus, somni, m sleep

sonus, soni, m sound

soror, sororis, f sister

spatium, spatii, n distance

species, speciei, f appearance

spectaculum, spectaculi, n sight, show

spectator, spectatoris, m spectator

spectō, spectare, spectavi, spectatus to watch, look at

spero, sperare, speravi, speratus to hope

spes, spei, f hope

spina, spinae, f spine

spiro, spirare, spiravi, spiratus to breathe

statim immediately, at once

statua, statuae, f statue

status quo the current condition

stella, stellae, f star, constellation

stilus, stili, m pen, writing utensil

sto, stare, steti, status to stand

studeo, studere, studui to be eager for, to study

studium, studii, n enthusiasm, eagerness, study

stultus, stulta, stultum stupid

sub (+abl) under

sub (+acc) up to, towards (time)

sub poena court summons

sub rosa secretly

subitō suddenly

succurro, succurrere, succurri, succursus (+dat) to help

sui generis unique, of its own kind

sum, esse, fui, futurus to be

summa cum laude with highest honor

summus, summa, summum highest, greatest, top (of)

sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus to take (up), put on

super (+acc) over

superbus, superba, superbum proud, arrogant

supero, superare, superavi, superatus to overcome, defeat

supplico, supplicare, supplicavi, supplicatus (+dat) to beg, beseech, pray to

supra (adv) above, over

surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus to rise

suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptus to undertake

sustineo, sustinere, sustinui, sustentus to hold up

suus, sua, suum his, hers, its, theirs
T

tabellarius, tabellarii, m mailman, courier

taberna, tabernae, f shop, tavern

tablinum, tablini, n study, office

tabula rasa clean slate

tabula, tabulae, f tablet, board, record

taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitus to be silent

tacitus, tacita, tacitum silent

talis, talis, tale such

tam so

tamen however

tandem finally, at last

tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus to touch

tantus, tanta, tantum so great

taurus, tauri, m bull

te you (Acc/Abl)

tego, tegere, texi, tectus to cover

telum, teli, n spear, javelin

tempestas, tempestatis, f storm, time, weather

templum, templi, n temple

tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatus to try, attempt

tempus fugit time flies

tempus, temporis, n time, moment

teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus to hold

tepidarium, tepidarii, n room with a warm bath

tergum, tergi, n back

tergum, tergi, n back

terra firma firm ground

terra, terrae, f land, ground

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus to scare, frighten

territus, territa, territum terrified

terror, terroris, m terror

tertius, tertia, tertium third

testudo, testudinis, f turtle

theatrum, theatri, n theater

tibi to/for you

tibi gratias ago I thank you

tigris, tigris, m tiger

timeo, timere, timui, timitus to fear, be afraid of

timor, timoris, m fear

toga virilis toga of manhood

toga, togae, f toga

tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus to raise, lift

tonsor, tonsoris, m barber

tot so many

totiens so often

totus, tota, totum whole, entire

trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus to hand over, surrender

traho, trahere, traxi, tractus to drag

trans (+acc) across

transeo, transire, transii, transitus to go across

tredecim thirteen

tres three

tres, tres, tria three

tribunus militum, m cohort commander

tribunus, tribuni, m tribune

triclinium, triclinii, n dining-room

triginta thirty

tristis, tristis, triste sad

Troia, Troiae, f Troy

Troianus, Troiani, m Trojan

tuba, tubae, f trumpet

tum then

tumultus, tumulti, m uproar, riot

turba, turbae, f crowd

turpis, turpis, turpe ugly, disgraceful

tutus, tuta, tutum safe

tuus, tua, tuum your

tyrannus, tyranni, m tyrant, king
U

ubi when

ubi? where?

ubique everywhere

ullus, ulla, ullum any

ultimus, ultima, ultimum farthest, last

umerus, umeri, m shoulder

umquam ever

unda, undae, f wave

unde? from where?

undecim eleven

undeviginti nineteen

undique from all sides

unus one

unus, una, unum one

urbs, urbis, f city

ursa, ursae, f bear

usus, usus, m use

ut (+indicative verb) as, when

ut (purpose clause) so that, in order to

ut (purpose clause) so that, in order to

uter, utra, utrum? which (of two)

uterque, utraque, utrumque each (of two)

utilis, utilis, utile useful

utor, uti, usus sum (+abl) to use

uxor, uxoris, f wife
V

vacca, vaccae, f cow

vacuus, vacua, vacuum empty

valde very, very much

valē! / valēte! farewell!

valeo, valere, valui, valitus to be strong, be well

valere iubeo to bid farewell

validus, valida, validum strong

vehemens, vehemens, vehemens (G vehementis) violent

veho, vehere, vexi, vectus to carry, transport

vel or

vel…vel either…or

vena, venae, f blood vessel

venalicius, venalicii, m slave dealer

venator, venatoris, m hunter

vendo, vendere, vendidi, venditus to sell

veni, vidi, vici I came, I saw, I conquered

venio, venire, vēni, ventus to come

venter, ventris, m stomach, belly

ventus, venti, m wind

ver, veris, n spring

vera dico to speak the truth

verbero, verberare, verberavi, verberatus to beat, lash

verbum, verbi, n word

vereor, vereri, veritus sum to fear

vero in truth, indeed, however

versus (vs, v) against

versus, versus, m verse

verto, vertere, verti, versus to turn

verus, vera, verum true

vesper, vesperis, m evening

vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl)

vestimentum, vestimenti, n clothing, garment

vestis, vestis, f clothes, garment

veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus to forbid, order not to

vetus, vetus, vetus (G. veteris) old

vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatus to annoy

via, viae, f road, way

viator, viatoris, m traveller

vice versa

vicinus, vicina, vicinum neighboring, near

victor, victoris, m victor, conqueror

victoria, victoriae, f victory

videō, videre, vīdi, visus to see

videor, videri, visus sum to seem

vigil, vigilis, m watchman, policeman, fireman

viginti twenty

villa, villae, f house (farmhouse)

vinco, vincere, vici, victus to win, conquer

vinum, vini, n wine

vir, viri, m man, husband

vires, virium, fpl strength

virgo, virginis, f young woman

virilis, virilis, virile manly

virtus, virtutis, f courage

vis, vim (acc), vi (abl), f force

visito, visitare, visitavi, visitatus to visit

viso, visere, visi, viso to visit

vita, vitae, f life

vivo, vivere, vixi, to live

vivus, viva, vivum living, alive

vix scarcely, hardly

vobis to/for you (pl)

vocō, vocare, vocavi, vocatus to call

volo, velle, volui to want

volo, volare, volavi, volatus to fly

vos you (Nom)

vox, vocis, f voice

vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratus to wound

vulnus, vulneris, n wound

vulpes, vulpis, m fox

vultus, vultus, m face, expression