xi
2.5.3. Turkish and Azerbaijani Languages........................................ 25
2.5.4. Phonological Properties of Turkish and Azerbaijani .............. 26
2.5.5. Morphological Properties of Turkish and Azerbaijani............ 28
2.5.6. Syntactic Properties of Turkish and Azerbaijani .................... 29
2.6. Interjections ........................................................................................... 30
2.6.1. Turkish Interjections ............................................................... 34
3. METHOD OF DATA
COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION .................................................................................... 39
3.0. Presentation ........................................................................................... 39
3.1. Design of the Study ............................................................................... 39
3.2. Research Questions ............................................................................... 41
3.3. Participants ............................................................................................ 42
3.3.1. Azerbaijani Participants in detail ............................................ 42
3.3.2. Turkish Participants in detail .................................................. 43
3.4. Setting ................................................................................................... 44
3.5. Data Collection Instruments .................................................................. 45
3.5.1. Questionnaire .......................................................................... 45
3.5.2.
Taboo Task .............................................................................. 45
3.5.3. Stimulated Recall Technique .................................................. 47
3.6. Data Analysis Procedures ..................................................................... 48
3.6.1. Transcription Software (EXMARaLDA) ................................ 48
3.6.2. Phonological Analysis Software (PRAAT) ............................ 51
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ................. 53
4.0. Presentation ........................................................................................... 53
4.1. A Brief Description of the Data ............................................................ 53
4.2. Forms and Functions of Interjections of Turkish native speakers ....... 56
4.2.1. Interjections
Signalling Understanding .................................. 57
4.2.1.1. Primary Interjections .................................................. 58
4.2.1.1.1.
H ! ...................................................................... 58
4.2.1.1.2.
H h ! ................................................................. 60
4.2.1.1.3.
E h ! ................................................................... 62
xii
4.2.1.1.4.
(----) h h ! ......................................................... 65
4.2.1.1.5.
Heh! .................................................................... 67
4.2.1.1.6.
H ! ...................................................................... 69
4.2.1.1.7.
H (----)! ............................................................. 71
4.2.1.1.8.
Hı
hı ! .................................................................. 73
4.2.1.1.9.
Hı (----)! ............................................................. 75
4.2.1.1.10.
(----) hı hı! .......................................................... 77
4.2.1.1.11.
Hmm hmm! ........................................................ 80
4.2.1.1.12.
Iı ıı! ..................................................................... 82
4.2.1.2. Secondary Interjections .............................................. 84
4.2.1.2.1. Yavrum be(nim)! .................................................. 84
4.2.2.
Interjections Signalling Misunderstanding ............................. 88
4.2.2.1. H ! .............................................................................. 88
4.2.3.
Interjections Signalling Believing to understand .................... 91
4.2.3.1. Hı
(----)! ...................................................................... 91
4.2.3.2. H (----)! ..................................................................... 93
4.2.4. Interjections Signalling
Guessing ........................................... 95
4.2.4.1. Ee (----)! ...................................................................... 96
4.2.4.2. Aa! .............................................................................. 97
4.2.4.3. Iıı! ............................................................................. 100
4.2.4.4. Hıı (----)! ................................................................... 102
4.2.5. Interjections Signalling
Partial understanding ..................... 103
4.2.5.1. Ee! ............................................................................ 104
4.2.6. Interjections Signalling
Non-understanding ......................... 105
4.2.6.1. Iıı! ............................................................................. 106
4.3. Forms and Functions of Interjections of Azerbaijani native speakers 108
4.3.1. Interjections Signalling
Understanding ................................ 109
4.3.1.1. A ! ............................................................................ 109
4.3.1.2. A (----)! ................................................................... 111
4.3.1.3. H (----)! ................................................................... 113
4.3.1.4. H he! ....................................................................... 115