Addabi nigeria a boye federal ministry of health, nigeria shiri na musamman ga mai kallo
Yüklə 191,22 Kb. Pdf görüntüsü
|
| TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH, NIGERIA SHIRI NA MUSAMMAN GA MAI KALLO TAKARDAN BAYANI CIKAKKEN PASSARA (MINTI 20)
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 1
Gudanarwa za ta fara da bakin bango ► Slide 1: Click Forward (a yi shiru yayin da hoto ya fito na tsawon dakika biyar) ► Slide 2: Click Forward (a jira har sai hoton ya dauke) ► Slide 3: Click Forward Idan muka duba shekarun baya, a Najeriya mun samu ci gaba da dama. ► Slide 4: Click Forward (music starts) Mutuwar yara yan kasa da shekara biyar ya ragu daga kashi ashirin da biyu cikin dari, zuwa kashi goma sha uku cikin dari a dubu biyu da goma sha uku. 1
naira dubu dari uku da hamsin a shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha daya. 2 Yawan yara mata dake gama karamar makarantar firamare, sun karu da kashi saba’in bisa dari a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka wuce. 3 Sannan kuma mun wadata da Hanyar sadarwa……. Domin kusan mutane miliyan dari da goma sha biyar ne ke amfani da wayar salula. Kasarmu…. na matukar ci gaba! Sai dai kuma, akwai wata matsala daya da ke mai da mu baya……. ► Slide 5: Click Forward ….
kasarmu asara, duk da cewar akwai hanyoyi da dama na warwaresu. ► Slide 6: Click Forward A yau, tamowa na sanadin macewar yara sama da rabin miliyan ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar a
mutuwa buyu na tamowa ne. 4
Sai mu duba mu gani, wadanne darusa ne muka koya a kan tamowa a shekarun nan? TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE LONG VERSION: 20 MINUTES TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 2
Mun koyi abubuwa uku ne muhimmai mai nuna mana mahimmancin sana’ar cimaka 5 Na farko dai, sana’ar cimaka mai kyau ta mai wayo ce, soboda tana taimakon rayuwan yara su kai gaci. ► Slide 9: Click Forward Na biyu kuwa, mun koyi cewar cimaka mai kyau na ainihin bunkasa ci gaban lafiyar yan kasa……tare da rage mace-mace da rashin lafiyar uwaye da yara.
Na uku, mun koyi cewar cimaka mai kyau Sana’a ce ta mai wayo, saboda tana qara wa yan qasa lafiya da habaka tattalin arzikin ta.
Da wuya a samu wani abu da zai fi bunkasa ci gaban kasa fiye da harkar cimaka. Domin kuwa, cimaka tana dada bunqasa harkokin mu zuwa gaba.
To ta yaya cimaka ke taimakawa wadannan muradai uku? ► Slide 12: Click Forward Taimakon na farawa ne tun daga kwanaki dubu daya na farko, wato sanda uwa ke rainon ciki har zuwa yaye…..wannan kwanaki ne da ya dace jariri ko jaririya su samu kulawa ta musamman kafin wani cikin ko haihuwar. 6 Bari mu duba da kyau don muga mahimmancin wannan lokacin. ► Slide 13: Click Forward Tun daga mahaifa, dan tayi yana cikin hatsari in har mai cikin bata samu abinci mai gina jiki ba, ko abinci mai bada kuzari, wanda sune zasu taimakawa ginin kwakwalwa da kashi da sassan jiki.Rashin isashen abincin yana kawo karancin jini tare da matsala wurin haihuwa. Da zarar an haifi jariri….daga haihuwa zuwa wata shidan farko, a shayar da jariri nonon uwa zalla, ba tare da wani abinci ba don tabbatar da lafiyar yaro. Bayan wata shidan farko, karin nagartaccen abinci ga yaro ya zama dole, don tabbatar da lafiyar jariri yadda ya kamata domin kuwa ciwuka na shiga a wannan tsakanin. ► Slide 14: Click Forward (A dakata sai karan ganga ya wuce) ………….BA GUDU BA JA DA BAYA……… TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 3 Barnar rashin cimaka mai kyau a kwanaki dubun farko (daga haihuwa zuwa yaye) ba ta gyaruwa……. ► Slide 15: Click Forward • Domin takan lalata kwakwalwa, ta mai da yara dakikai, masu raunin fahimta • Sannan tana hana su girma yadda ya kamata……. • Bugu da kari, tana haifar musu da munanan cututtuka har zuwa girman su ► Slide 16: Click Forward Kamar munanan ciwawuka irin su ciwon siga, da hawan jini, da ciwon zuciya, wadanda ke wahalar da jiki matukar ana raye. 7
Wata babban matsalar shine, mafi yawan jama’a basu gane cewa tamowa ga yara na faruwa har tsawon shekaru ba tare da an gane ta ba.
Misali wadannan yaran daga kauye daya suke…..ko za a iya kwatanta shekarun su? Duk fa shekarun su daya…….shekarun su takwas-takwas…….amma kun ga akwai banbancia giman jikinsu. Yaron da ke hagu tsamurarre ne, wanda ke nuna jikinsa bai daidai da shekarunsa ba, saboda karancin abinci mai kyau. Wannan yaron da wuya ya kamo sauran sa’annin sa kamar abokin wasan sa da ke dama.
Cutar tamowa na haifar da salo daban daban da ake gani daga zamani zuwa zamani……. Misalin illar tamowa daga zamani zuwa zamani…
…..yana iya farawa daga matar da bata samu cikaken abinci mai gina jiki ba, to tana cikin hatsari matuka tun daga lokacin da zata dauki ciki, har zuwa yaye. Ga kuma hatsarin haihuwar da mara kwari. 8
…….Kamar wannan yarinyar, wacce ke halin rai kwa-kwai mutu kwa-kwai, tare da hadarin kamuwa da karancin ci gaba da rashin fasaha.
……..Za ta iya samin nakasu wajen girmanta da tunanin ta……..wanda…
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 4
…….Kasancewan haka kuwa sai
kashi hamsin daga cikin dari na kasusuwan jikinta ke girma. 9
Kasancewar tamowan da ke jikinta……… kuma, zata dawo kamar wannan matar ta cikin taswira, kun ga tamowa ke nan na bibiyar ta tsawan zamani zuwa zamani.
Kun ga wannan yarinyar in ta dauki ciki ba mamakin ta haifi jariri mara kwari, yin hakan, na karfafa taswirar tamowa. 10
Abin takaici, iyalai da dama na fama da rashin samun lafiyayyun jarirai a kasar nan……… ► Slide 25: Click Forward Me ya sa Najeriya ta ke ci gaba da samun matsalar tamowa? ► Slide 26: Click Forward Babban dalili shine iyaye mata ba su san yadda za su kula da jarirai da kananan yara ba. Sannan ba su da kyakkyawar fahimta akan sanda ya kamata su fara bada abinci mai nauyi da kuma nau’in abinci daban daban, wanda zai taimaka wa jiki wajen girma. ► Slide 27: Click Forward Wani dalilin shine rashin sa ido akan abinda ake nomawa a kasar, wanda ke jawo iyalai da yawa basu samun ishasshen abinci. Ba a arewa kawai ake samun haka ba. ► Slide 28: Click Forward Idan muka duba taswirar kasar Najeriya, zamu fara da leka cikin babban birnin Abuja, mu ga yadda hidimomin su suke. Nan ga babban filin wasan kwallo na gabashin Abuja. Shigar mu cikin garin, za mu ga akwai ci gaba sosai a cikin ta, wanda har za a ga cewa a nan, samuwar tamowa zai yi wuya saboda Abuja ita ce karfin kasar…… amma sam ba hakan bane, domin binciken kwanannan ya nuna cewa kowane yaro daya a cikin yara guda biyar tsamurarre ne. 11 TELEPORT Yanzu mu juya jahar Lagos, mu maida hankalin mu akan unguwar Mushin, wanda ke da tarin jamaa sama da dubu dari biyar. Sun kasance a cakude da junan su, kuma ba tare da wadata ba…... Tamowa na kusan kowane gida saboda kashi daya bisa uku na yaran unguwar suna da tamowa. 12
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 5 Duk da ya ke talauci na kara yawan tamowa, ba talakan kadai ke dauke da tamowa ba. TELEPORT
In muka matsa unguwar Ikoyi, wato unguwar da masu arzikin jihar Legas ke zaune, suna da manyan gidaje da wadata. Ba wuya a dauka cewar tamowa ba za ta shiga gidajen su ba saboda karfin arzikinsu. Yaya za a yi a sami Tamowa a irin
duk da haka, kashi goma sha uku bisa dari na yaran masu arziki a wannan unguwan suna dauke da cutar tamowa. 13
A ci gaba da tafiyar mu, mun fahimci cewa babu wani bangare a cikin kasar nan da Tamowa bata shafa ba TELEPORT Gamu a jihar Niger Delta, jiha mai arzikin man fetur….. Sana’ar su ita ce kamun kifi da noma don su samar wa kansu abinci mai gina jiki. Amma wannan bai sa jihar ta wadatu da ingantaccen abinci ba. Cutar tamowa babbar matsala ce ga yaran Jihar Delta, saboda kowane daya daga cikin yara biyar na dauke da ita. 14 TELEPORT
A karshe kuma, mun gano cewa cutar tamowa tana nan a wuraren da noma itace sana’ar da suka dogara da ita. Kaman a nan, arewacin najeriya, za ku ga noma ita ce babar sana’ar su, a dalilin hakan, suna samun wadatacen abinci na tsawon shekara, har su bawa makotan su ba tare da gazawa ba. Haka zalika abinci mai gina jiki baya yanke musu. Amma duk da haka, sai da tamowa ta sami wajen zama a yakin. (A dakata) Abin takaici ne yanda tun shekarun baya, har izuwa yanzu, ba a samun cikakiyar ci gaba, don hana yaduwar cutar tamowa.
Ka duba ka gani tun shekaru goma da suka wuce………. ► Slide 30: Click Forward …….Bincike ya nuna cewa ba a samu kwakkwaran ci gaba ba a harkar yaki da cutar tamowa. Amma binciken shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha uku ya nuna an sami
ba a rasa ba… 15
….Duk da haka dai, sama da kashi daya bisa ukun yaran kasar nan tsumburarru ne. 16
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 6
Kamar yanda muka gani a cikin taswira, wadda ta nuna mana misalin yaduwar tamowa a kasar mu, babban bangaren da ake ganin ma bata da yawa sosai, a kowane yara biyar zakaga akwai daya mai dauke da tamowa,wato a kudu maso kudu da kuma kudu maso yamma. A arewa maso gabas kuwa, kusan ma RABIN yaran na da matsananciyar tamowa. 17
Hukumar samar da lafiya ta majalisar dinkin duniya ta jaddada mahimmancin ba wa jarirai abinci mai nauyi mai gina jiki bayan wata shidan farko don samun cikakkiyar kariya daga cututtuka……… 18
► Slide 34: Click Forward Amma bincike ya nuna cewa jarirai biyu cikin uku ba sa samun cin abincin daya dace. 19 Mafi
yawa suna cin abinci mai danko ne, irin su rogo da shinkafa a maimakon ‘ya’yan marmari da ganyaye da nama da kifi da kwai -wanda za su gina musu jiki. ► Slide 35: Click Forward (TRENDALYZER) Don mu ga masu samun cikakken nonon uwa a Najeriya, muna iya mu kwatanta Najeriyya da kasar Ghana.
A ta bangaren hagu, muna da lissafin jarirai yan kasa da wata shida masu shan nonon uwa zalla. Wannan kason ya taso daga sifili zuwa kashi tamanin bisa dari.
A bangaren kasa kuwa, akwai lissafin lokaci, daga Alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da hudu zuwa shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha uku.
Mu lura cewa a shekarar Alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da hudu Nigeria da Ghana suna da kashi bakwai bakwai cikin dari na yawan jarirai masu samun nonon uwa zalla. In mu kai ta tafiya, mu duba abin da ya faru tsawon lokaci a kowace kasa….zamu ga cewa…..kason…
…..jariran da ke samun nonon uwa zalla a kasar Ghana kullum habaka ya ke…… yana sama….yana kara sama.
…..Har sai da ya kai ga cewa, kashi sittin da uku ne na jarirai, ko kusan biyu cikin uku na jariran Ghana, suna samun cikakken nonon uwa a shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha uku. 20
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 7
…..Sabanin a Najeriya, wanda kashi goma sha bakwai ne kawai (wato kowane daya daga cikin shida) suke samun cikakken nonon uwa. 21
► Slide 42: Click Forward A shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da biyu sun kirkiri tsarin shayar da nonon uwa zalla….. 22
……Daga kuma shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa’in da biyar, suka samar da asibitoci na musamman masu goyan bayan shayar da nonon uwa zalla, wannan tsarin yai nasara wajen kiwon lafiyar jarirai. 23
► Slide 44: Click Forward A shekara ta dubu biyu, Ghana ta kafa hukumar tabbatar da shayar da nonon uwa zalla, sannan kuma ta hana yawan tallace tallacen madarar jarirai don neman samun canji. 24
► Slide 45: Click Forward Duk da haka kungiyoyin karkara sukai ta bin gida gida don ilmantar da al’umma akan muhimmancin shayar da nonon uwa zalla ga jarirai.
Sanan kuma bugu da qari, akayi ta amfani da kafofin yada labarai dan horarwa a kan muhimmancin nonon uwa zalla, duk don a kara tabbatar da cewa shirin ya samu karbuwa a wajen jamaa. 25
To da a ce Najeriya za ta gabatar da irin wadannan shirye-shirye, wato kafa dokoki, amfani da kafafen yada labarai, da neman hadin kan kungiyoyin karkara, lallai
ci gaba da gaggawa ta bangaren shayar da nonon uwa zalla. (A dakata) Mun san ba shakka, wannan matsalar da ke tare da mu za ta iya zama tarihi saboda….. ► Slide 48: Click Forward Mun
san abubuwan da zasu iya kawo mana canji! Idan aka jarraba abubuwa hudun nan, za su iya zama kariya ga uwaye da jarirai………… Na farko shine…….. 26
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 8
Bada nonon uwa cikin minti talatin daga lokacin da aka haifi jariri, sannan a cigaba da nonon uwa zalla har tsawon wata shida ba tare da ba jariri ko digo daya na ruwa ba. (A dakata) ► Slide 50: Click Forward ……Na biyu kuma shine in za a tabbatar da bawa jariri nau’in abinci mai gina jiki bayan wata shidan farko, tare da ci gaba da bada nonon uwa har tsawon shekaru biyu.
Na uku shine, a tabbatar da cewa uwa da jaririnta na samun isasshen abinci, wanda zai wadata su……….
…….. abinci ingantacce ……sannan iri daban-daban. ► Slide 53: Click Forward Domin iyali su kasance suna samin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, a ko da yaushe. ► Slide 54: Click Forward A takaice dai yana da kyau iyaye mata da sauran ma su lura da jarirai su ringa samun bayanai akan yadda za su shayar da jariransu dan samun cikakkiyar lafiya. (A dakata)
Idan muka waiwaya kan dalili na uku, wato abin da yasa muka ce samar da abinci mai gina jiki sanaar mai wayo ce.…..saboda yin hakan ba faduwa ba ne sai dai karuwa.
Cimaka mai gina jiki a kwana dubun farko na haihuwa takan samar da amfani mai yawan gaske ga iyali da kasashe baki daya. [Kamar wannan nagartacen dan wasan kwallon!!]
Lafiyayyun yara sukan fi gama makarantarsu da kyakkyawan sakamako, Don haka yawan samin su naiya ninkuwa da kashi goma cikin dari fiye da wadan da basu sami kulawa ba. 27
► Slide 58: Click Forward Tunda lafiyayyan abinci a kwana dubu na haihuwa ya na kara kwazon yara a makarantu, yaron da aka lura da shi har ya girma yakan zama fitacce…….hakan na iya samun cigaban tattalin arzikin kasa har ninki goma sha daya a cikin dari a kowace shekara. 28
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 9
Ko nawa aka ware don samar da abinci mai gina jiki ga al’umar kasa bai yi tsada ba- don amfanin da ke cikin ta zai ba da kyakkyawan sakamako.-wato sa jari a harkokin samar da cimaka yakan ninninka riba har ta fi uwar kudin da aka zuba da kashi
29
Kun ga ke nan kowace naira dubu dari da aka ware wajen samar da abinci mai gina jiki…………. ► Slide 61: Click Forward ……Zai ba da ribar kwatankwacin Naira maliyan biyu da rabi a wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasa.
In da zamu natsu mu duba yadda za mu sami ci gaba, zamu gane cewar a yau….. muna da damarmakin ci gaba a harkar abinci mai gina jiki ………fiye da yanda muke a baya.
Mun sabinta tsarin nan na kasa akan cimaka mai gina jiki……yanda zai ba da karfi akan ka’idojin da za su kare mana burikan mu dan kawar da cutar tamowa.
Mu kafa sababbin dabaru kamar ceto rayuka miliyan daya, da niyyar taimakawa mabukata da cimaka mai gina jiki a cikin kasa.
Sannan mu na da karkarfar cibiya wacce ta tashi tsaye dan habbaka abinci mai gina jiki a kasa – wadda kuma take neman hadin kan shugabannin duniya da su yi yaki da cutar tamowa.
Nigeria ta hadu da kasashe arba’in da biyar da kungiyoyi na kasa da kasa guda dari da kuma kungiyoyi masu bada gudunmawa ga kasashen duniya…..dan su hadu wajen mai da hankali akan shawo kan cutar tamowa.sun lashi takobi don yaki da cutar tamowa.
Tamowa Annobar kasa ce gaba daya……….. …………………………….saboda haka, samo mafitar ta ma, sai an hada hannu gaba daya. (A dakata) ► Slide 67: Click Forward Mu na da hujjoji………….. na irin abubuwan da zasu iya kawo mana canji TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 10
Muna neman ku magantu da yin kira wajen rage cutar tamowa ……sannan ku ja hankalin al’umma da gaggawa da su dunfari cimaka mai gina jiki musamman ma mata ma su ciki da yara kanana….. sannan muna kira da ku sa ido a kan iyaye mata don tabbatar da sun shayar da jariransu nonon uwa har iya tsawon lokacin da ya dace. ► Slide 69: Click Forward Muna dada rokon al’umma da su tashi tsaye wajen tabbatar da cewa an habbaka cinikin cimaka mai gina jiki a kowane bangare na maaikatu da ma su zaman kansu, kamar ma’aikatar kudi,da ta tsare-tsare,da ta gona,da ta ilimi,da ta harkokin mata, da ta muhalli da ta ruwa. ► Slide 70: Click Forward Muna dada rokon hukumomi su kara hada hannu dan tsai da mafita a kan cimaka mai gina jiki a cikin maaikatu…….musamman maaikatun kudi, da na tsare tsare, da na noma, da na ilimi, da na harkokin mata, da na mahalli, da na ruwa. ► Slide 71: Click Forward A karshe mu na dada rokon ku da a agaza mana da karin tallafi....wato, zai yi kyau a sami kasafin kudi na MUSAMMAN a cikin asusun maaikatar lafiya, da na gona, da kuma asusun jihohi gaba daya, don biya wa bukatar kawar da wannan annoba ta tamowa. Ba zai yiwu mu rasa
In da za mu saka jari akan cimaka mai gina jiki…. ► Slide 73: Click Forward • Za mu iya tabbatar da cewa yaran mu sun yi kwari sun kai gaci……. • Mu kuma rage yaduwar cututtuka da mace-mace na uwa da kananan yara • Tare da tabbatar da ganin tattalin arzikin mu ya habaka a gaba. ► Slide 74: Click Forward Inda zamu taru mu hada karfi da karfe…….. (A dakata har sai wasu jerin kalmomi sun fito) …. Zamu iya cimma burinmu nan gaba akan ayyukan mu na baya (A dakata har sai wani jerin kalmomi sun fito) Zamu iya
TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 11 Mu agazawa masu bukatar taimako…... (A dakata har sai wani jerin kalmomi sun fito) Za mu iya kawar da tamowa daga doron kasar Nigeria baki daya. ► Slide 75: Click Forward (A tsaya shiru) TAMOWA: ANNOBAR DA TA ADDABI NIGERIA A BOYE 12 REFERENCES 1 World Bank, “Data Bank,” accessed at http://data.worldbank. org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT?page=6, on Nov. 10, 2014; and National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013 (Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, MD: and ICF International, 2014). 2 Index Mundi, “Nigeria: GNI per Capita,” accessed at: www. indexmundi.com/facts/nigeria/gni-per-capita, on Nov. 10, 2014. The latest value for GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) in Nigeria was 2,290.00 as of 2011. 3 Nigeria Communications Commission, “Subscriber Database,” for year 2012/2013: 113,195,951 active users; accessed at: www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=125:art-statistics-subscriber- data&catid=65:cat-web-statistics&Itemid=73, on Nov. 10, 2014. 4
from: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision (New York: UN, 2013); and on the under-5 mortality rate from the National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
5 Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and the Academy for Educational Development, A Communications Strategy to Mobilize Nutrition Investment (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2009). 6 1,000 Days Partnership, “Why 1000 Days” (2013), accessed at www.thousanddays.org/about/, on March 10, 2014. 7 Cesar G. Victoria et al., “Maternal and Child Undernutrition: Consequences for Adult Health and Human Capital,” Lancet 371, no. 9609 (2008): 340-57. 8 United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition (UNSCN), 6th Report on the World Nutrition Situation: Progress in Nutrition (Geneva: UNSCN Secretariat, 2010). 9 Bonnie A. Spear, “Adolescent Growth and Development,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 201, no 3, supplement (2002): S23-29; Alan D. Rogol, Pamela A. Clark, and James N. Roemmich, “Growth and Pubertal Development in Children and Adolescents: Effects of Diet and Physical Activity,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72, no. 2 (2000): 521S-28S; and FAO/WHO/UNU, Energy and Protein Requirements: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation (Geneva, WHO, 2001). 10 Cassandra M. Gibbs et al., “The Impact of Early Age at First Childbirth on Maternal and Infant Health,” Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 26, no. S1 (2012): 259-84. 11 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 12 R.O. Abidoye and N.N. Ihebuzor, “Assessment of Nutritional Status Using Anthropometric Methods on 1-4 Year Old Children in an Urban Ghetto in Lagos, Nigeria,” Nutrition and Health 15, no.1 (2001): 29-39. 13 Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics, United Nations Children’s Fund, and United Nations Population Fund, Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011 (Geneva: Unicef, 2013). 14 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 15 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ORC Macro, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2003 (Calverton, MD: ORC Macro, 2004); National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF Macro, Nigeria Demographic and Health
Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 16 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 17 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 18 World Health Organization, “Essential Nutrition Actions, 2013,” accessed at www.who.int/elena/titles/complementary_feeding/ en/, on Nov. 10, 2014. 19 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF Macro, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2008. 20 Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Health Service, and ICF Macro, Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008 (Calverton, MD: ICF Macro, 2009). 21 National Population Commission of Nigeria and ICF International, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 22 Adom B. Ghartey, Nutrition Policy and Programs in Ghana: The Limitation of a Single Sector Approach (Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank, 2011). 23 Richmond Nii Okai Aryeetey and Comfort Liousa Antwi, “Re- assessment of Selected Baby-Friendly Maternity Facilities in Accra, Ghana,” International Breastfeeding Journal 8, no. 15 (2013), doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-8-15. 24 Anthony Mwinilanaa Tampah-Naah and Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme, “Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study,” International Breastfeeding Journal 8, no. 13 (2013), doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-8-13. 25 Tampah-Naah and Kumi-Kyereme, “Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers in Ghana”; and V.J. Quinn et al., “Improving Breastfeeding Practices on a Broad Scale at the Community Level: Success Stories From Africa and Latin America,” Journal of Human Lactation: Official Journal of the International Lactation Consultant Association 21, no. 3 (2005): 345-54.
26 Scaling Up Nutrition, A Framework for Action (Washington, DC: BMGF, the Government of Japan, and the World Bank, 2010), accessed at www.unscn.org/files/Announcements/Scaling_ Up_Nutrition-A_Framework_for_ Action.pdf, on May 10, 2014. 27 World Bank, Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development: A Strategy for Large-Scale Action (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006). 28 Sue Horton and Richard H. Steckel, “Malnutrition: Global Economic Losses Attributable to Malnutrition 1900-2000 and Projections to 2050,” in How Much Have Global Problems Cost the World? A Scorecard from 1900 to 2050, ed. Bjorn Lomborg (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013). 29 John Hoddinott et al., “The Economic Rationale for Investing in Stunting Reduction,” Maternal & Child Nutrition 9, no. S2 (2013): 69-82. Yüklə 191,22 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|