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təbəqənin üst tikinti dövrünə aid mənzərə barədə təsəvvür yarada bilər. Hər şeyi
yerli-yerində öyrənmək üçünsə, təbiidir ki, genişmiqyaslı arxeoloji qazıntılar tələb
olunur. Ağsu arxeoloji ekspedisiyası da məhz bu missiyanı həyata keçirməklə
məşğuldur.
Məlumat üçün bildirim ki, orta əsr Ağsu şəhərinin yerləşdiyi Ağsu rayonu
ərazisi müxtəlif dövrlərə aid tarixi abidələrlə olduqca aəngindir. Bu ərazidə eneolit
dövründən başlayaraq bu günədək intensiv həyat davam edir. Rayon ərazisindəki
qədim dövr abidələri ötən əsrin 60-cı illərindən başlayaraq öyrənilir. Nüydi,
Uzunboylar və Qırlartəpə abidələrindən sonra Mehrəvan, Nərgizava və Ağsu şəhər
yerində də arxeoloji tədqiqatlar aparılıb.
I Chapter
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN AGSU AND
LAST MEDIEVAL URBAN PROBLEM IN AZERBAIJAN
Last medieval town: specification of problem: Too much experience was
gained in field of archaeological exploration of medieval cities in Azerbaijan since
mid of last century. Long-term excavations carried out in Mingechavir, Ganga,
Beylagan, Gabala, Shamakhi, Baku, Shabran, Barda, Nakhchievan, Xarabagilan,
Shamkir and other monuments provided rich material enough from standpoint of
deep and comprehensive study of medieval urban problem. Relatively more
detailed history of the fixed cities was written directly on the basis of
archaeological materials. Moreover, numerous and sufficiently monumental
research work dealing with separate directions of medieval urban civilization was
created. All of these consequently created opportunity to see, feel and think of
general sight of medieval Azerbaijani Town. Naturally, the basis formed for long
years opening new horizons for more comprehensive and foundamental
investigations in the future can be ground for appearance of more monumental
works from methodological and theoretical point. We don't doubt it. It should be
taken into consideration that the things mentioned above, cover IX-XIII century's
town environment. In other words, the first medieval and last medieval urban prob-
lem still remain fields not studied archaeolo-gically enough. It is connected with a
number of objective and subjective factors. First, a part of medieval cities studied
archaeologi-cally has no the first medieval layer, or this layer is faint. Second, the
first medieval cities lack and they were not sufficiently investigated.
The situation regarding last medieval urban problem is a little distinctive.
Thus, though most of medieval cities have last medieval layer, the research of the
latter was not taken interest for long years. There is wrong thought among
scientific community as though material culture of the period following Mongolian
conquest must be thoroughly object of ethnographers' investigation. Ethnographers
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being occupied mostly with research of material culture and traditions of XIX-XX
century in turn did not in fact went through to studying XIV-XVIII century
problems. So, a very serious gap covered large period enough, occured in our
science.
We should bear in mind some factors complicating archaeological research
of last medieval city problem. Most important of them is durableness of life in
cities being last medieval layer. It is natural that to find free points in such
monuments for investigations is not such an easy issue. It is also difficult to clarify
something in the fields where occasional construction or wreckage is carried out
and which are not regular. Because opening of comparatively wide fields is needed
for the first time to elucidate these or other issues of urban problem. It is
impossible to clarify the sight in dwelling houses, districts, streets, and squares;
water supply and renovation issues, as well as other fields of urban economy,
without it. It is definitely impossible to gain that practically in the towns of
dwelling. For instance, though archaeological excavations are implemented in
Baku and Shamakhi for long years, a wide field was not studied in any of them till
now.
It is a bit difficult to clarify all questions on last middle ages in the way of
studying upper layer of multi-folded monument, i.e. dividing materials of layers
into periods, more exact, determining the thing, and concrete period of its form or
type becoming hard, for the materials were extremely mixed or many materials
look like each other. In our opinion, the most confident method in this case is ac-
ceptance of materials of one-fold monuments, period of which is known exactly, as
a standard. Medieval Agsu Town could be really valued as standard monument
from this stand. Because the date of laying up a city and its grounded extinguish is
known. Thus, all of the material cultured samples displayed there belong mainly to
the period of Agsu Town's existence (surely with exception of earlier period
materials included as a result of trade and cultural relations). So metal, pottery,
glass, stone, bone and other materials obtained during Agsu excavations are spe-
cific for XVIII century with its all technical and technological features. There is
large amount of new type samples among these findings which are not encountered
amid materials of previous years. Many labour tools and home things used largerly
in home and economy before, exist and notable changes took place in their form or
qualitative indices in XVIII century. The same words can be said about
architectural structure, houses, subsidiaries, especially public buildings of the
town. We repeat all these notify that Medieval Agsu Town is a real standard
monument from viewpoint of studying XVIII century urban history of Azerbaijan.
The materials obtained from there open broad horizons for historians,
ethnographers, and architects along with archaeologists from standpoint of deep
and comprehensive investigation of the history of the period dealt with.
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