Amnesty International Report 2017/18



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Amnesty International Report 2017/18

vii


ABBREVIATIONS

ASEAN


Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AU

African Union



CEDAW

UN Convention on the Elimination of All 

Forms of Discrimination against Women

CEDAW Committee

UN Committee on the Elimination of 

Discrimination against Women

CERD

International Convention on the Elimination of 



All Forms of Racial Discrimination

CERD Committee

UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial 

Discrimination

CIA

US Central Intelligence Agency



ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

EU

European Union



European Committee for the Prevention of 

Torture


European Committee for the Prevention of 

Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment 

or Punishment

European Convention on Human Rights

(European) Convention for the Protection of 

Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

ICC

International Criminal Court



ICCPR

International Covenant on Civil and Political 

Rights

ICESCR


International Covenant on Economic, Social 

and Cultural Rights

ICRC

International Committee of the Red Cross



ILO

International Labour Organization

International Convention against Enforced 

Disappearance

International Convention for the Protection of 

All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

LGBTI

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and 



intersex

NATO


North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NGO


non-governmental organization

OAS


Organization of American States

OSCE


Organization for Security and Co-operation in 

Europe


UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations



UN Convention against Torture

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, 

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or 

Punishment




viii

Amnesty International Report 2017/18

UN Refugee Convention

Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of 

expression

UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and 

protection of the right to freedom of opinion 

and expression

UN Special Rapporteur on racism

Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of 

racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and 

related intolerance

UN Special Rapporteur on torture

Special Rapporteur on torture and other 

cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or 

punishment

UN Special Rapporteur on violence against 

women

Special rapporteur on violence against 



women, its causes and consequences

UNHCR, the UN refugee agency

Office of the United Nations High 

Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund



UPR

UN Universal Periodic Review

USA

United States of America



WHO

World Health Organization




Amnesty International Report 2017/18

ix

PREFACE



The Amnesty International Report 2017/18 shines a light on the state of the 

world’s human rights during 2017.

The foreword, five regional overviews and a survey of 159 countries and 

territories from all regions document the struggle of many people to claim 

their rights, and the failures of governments to respect, protect and fulfil 

human rights.

Yet there are also glimpses of hard-won progress, demonstrating that the 

defence of human rights does yield positive developments. This report pays 

tribute to the human rights defenders who continue to fight for change, 

sometimes risking their own lives in the process.

In a year when austerity measures and natural disasters pushed many into 

deeper poverty and insecurity, this year’s report also shines a spotlight on 

economic, social and cultural rights.

While every attempt is made to ensure accuracy, information may be subject 

to change without notice.




 AMNESTY  

 INTERNATIONAL  

 REPORT 2017/18 

PART 1: FOREWORD, SPOTLIGHT AND 

REGIONAL OVERVIEWS



12

Amnesty International Report 2017/18

FOREWORD

“As we enter the year in which the Universal Declaration of 

Human Rights turns 70, it is abundantly clear that none of us 

can take our human rights for granted.”

SALIL SHETTY, SECRETARY GENERAL

Throughout 2017, millions across the world experienced the bitter fruits of a rising politics of 

demonization. Its ultimate consequences were laid bare in the horrific military campaign of 

ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya people in Myanmar. This caused an exodus of some 

655,000 people into neighbouring Bangladesh in a matter of weeks, the fastest-growing 

refugee crisis of 2017. At the end of the year, their prospects for the future remained very 

unclear, and the enduring failure of world leaders to provide real solutions for refugees left little 

reason for optimism.

This episode will stand in history as yet another testament to the world’s catastrophic failure 

to address conditions that provide fertile ground for mass atrocity crimes. The warning signs in 

Myanmar had long been visible: massive discrimination and segregation had become 

normalized within a regime that amounted to apartheid, and for long years the Rohingya 

people were routinely demonized and stripped of the basic conditions needed to live in dignity. 

The transformation of discrimination and demonization into mass violence is tragically familiar, 

and its ruinous consequences cannot be easily undone.

The appalling injustices meted out to the Rohingya may have been especially visible in 2017, 

but the trend of leaders and politicians demonizing whole groups of people based on their 

identity reverberated across the globe. The past year showed us once again what happens 

when the politics of demonization become mainstream, with grim consequences for human 

rights.


As we enter 2018, the year in which the Universal Declaration of Human Rights turns 70, it is 

abundantly clear that none of us can take any of our human rights for granted. We certainly 

cannot take for granted that we will be free to gather together in protest or to criticize our 

governments. Neither can we take for granted that social security will be available when we are 

old or incapacitated; that our babies can grow up in cities with clean, breathable air; or that as 

young people we will leave school to find jobs that enable us to buy a home.

The battle for human rights is never decisively won in any place or at any point in time. The 

frontiers shift continually, so there can never be room for complacency. In the history of human 

rights, this has perhaps never been clearer. Yet, faced with unprecedented challenges across 

the world, people have shown repeatedly that their thirst for justice, dignity and equality will 

not be extinguished; they continue to find new and bold ways of expressing this, while often 

paying a heavy price. In 2017, this global battle of values reached a new level of intensity.

Assaults on the basic values underpinning human rights – which recognize the dignity and 

equality of all people – have assumed vast proportions. Conflicts, fuelled by the international 

arms trade, continue to exact a cataclysmic toll on civilians, often by design. Whether in the 

humanitarian catastrophe of Yemen, exacerbated by Saudi Arabia’s blockade, or government 

and international forces’ indiscriminate killing of civilians used as human shields by the armed 

group calling itself Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, or crimes under international law driving a 




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