Ap european history

Chapter 26: World War I
Names

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) [German]

Kaiser William II (r. 1888-1918) [German]

Leo von Caprivi (1831-1899) [German]

Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930) [German]

Gavrilo Princip (1894-1918) [Serbian]

Archduke Francis Ferdinand (1863-1918) [Austrian]

Leopold von Berchtold (1863-1942) [Austrian]

Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (1856-1921) [German]

Alfred von Schlieffen (1833-1913) [German]

Helmuth von Moltke (1848-1916) [German]

Erich von Falkenhayn (1861-1922) [German]

Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937) [German]

Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934) [German]

Henri Pétain (1856-1951) [French]

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) [American]

Prelude to War

The New Imperialism

Spheres of Influence

The Scramble for Africa

The Three Emperor’s League (1873)

(between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia)

Pan-Slavism

Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)

Treaty of San Stefano (1878)

The Congress of Berlin (1878)

The Dual Alliance (1879)

(treaty between Germany and Austria)

Renewal of The Three Emperor’s League (1881)

(between Germany, Austria, and Russia)

The Triple Alliance (1882)

(between Germany, Austria, and Italy)

The Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885-1886)

The Reinsurance Treaty (1887)

(between Germany and Russia)

The Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)

(between France and Russia)

The Fashoda Crisis (1898)

The Boer War (1899-1902)

The Entente Cordiale (1904)

(between Great Britain and France)

The First Moroccan Crisis (1905)

The Algeciras Conference (1906)

The Triple Entente (1907)

(between Great Britain, France, and Russia)

The Bosnian Crisis (1908-1909)

The Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)

The Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912)

The First Balkan War (1912-1913)

The Second Balkan War (1913)

The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (June 28, 1914)

“The Blank Check”

July 28, 1914: Austria declares war on Serbia
The Great War

Central Powers

(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey)

Allied Powers

(France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, USA, and others)

Schlieffen Plan

The Western Front

Battle of the Marne (September 5, 1914 to September 9, 1914)

The Race to the Sea

Trench Warfare

Treaty of London (April 26, 1915) *Italy joins the allies

Battle of Verdun (February 21, 1916 to December 18, 1916)

Battle of the Somme (July 1, 1916 to November 18, 1916)

The Eastern Front

Battle of Tannenberg (August 25, 1914 to August 31, 1914)

The Russian Revolution (begins February 1917)

Other Important Events

Sinking of the Lusitania (May 7, 1915)

Battle of Jutland (May 31, 1916 to June 1, 1916)

Zimmerman Telegram (March 2, 1917)

USA enters World War I (April 6, 1917)

Technological Advances

Machine Gun

Submarine (U-Boat)

Airplane

Zeppelin

Poison Gas

Tanks

Flame Throwers
The Peace of Paris

Names

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) [United States of America]

David Lloyd George (1863-1945) [Great Britain]

Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929 [France]

Vittorio Orlando (1860-1952) [Italy]

Terms

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

“peace without victors”

League of Nations

Mandates

Reparations

Clause 231 (The “war guilt clause”)

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

1. 
   End to secret treaties
   
2. 
   Freedom of the seas
   
3. 
   Free trade
   
4. 
   Arms reduction
   
5. 
   Settlement of colonial claims
   
6. 
   Evacuation of Russia
   
7. 
   Restoration of Belgium
   
8. 
   Return of Alsace and Lorraine
   
9. 
   Adjustment of Italy’s borders along ethnic lines
   
10. 
    Autonomy for nationalities within Austria-Hungary
    
11. 
    Evacuation and restoration of the Balkans
    
12. 
    Autonomy for the non-Turkish parts of the Turkish empire
    
13. 
    Independent Poland with an outlet to the sea
    
14. 
    Establishment of a League of Nations
    

THE TREATIES

Treaty of Versailles (peace with Germany)

Treaty of St. Germain (peace with Austria)

Treaty of Trianon (peace with Hungary)

Treaty of Neuilly (peace with Bulgaria)

Treaty of Sèvres (peace with Turkey)

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

1. 
   Germany ceded territories to the allies (Alsace and Lorraine to France, Schleswig to Denmark, West Prussia to Poland) and German colonies overseas were distributed to the allies.
   
2. 
   Germany was blamed for starting the war—the “war guilt” clause
   
3. 
   The German army and navy were severely limited.
   
4. 
   The Rhineland was to be demilitarized and occupied.
   
5. 
   Germany was forced to pay indemnities for the civilian damages caused by the war.