Boshqaruv psixologiyasi

Glossariy

Glossariy
1. ABSTINENSIYA - Sostoyanie, voznikayuщee ot prekraщeniya deystviya alkogolya ili narkotikov pri vnezapnom pererыve v ix prieme. Neredko termin oshibochno primenyaetsya k poxmelnomu sindromu abstinentnomu, togda kak rech idet o bolee tyajelыx sostoyaniyax, sootvetstvennыx vtoroy - razvernutoy - faze alkogolizma. Klinicheskaya kartina i techenie abstinensii zavisit ot prirodы narkoticheskogo veщestva, ego doz i dlitelnosti upotrebleniya. Xarakternыe proyavleniya - golovnaya bol, golovokrujenie, suxost vo rtu, taxikardiya, inogda toshnota, ugnetennoe nastroenie, chasto v soprovojdenii idey samoobvineniya i raskayaniya, rezkoy fizicheskoy slabostyu, povыshennoy vnushaemostyu, potrebnostyu v narkotike i pr. Vozmojnы bessonnitsa, puglivost, trevojnost, suitsidalnыe tendensii, razvitie epilepsii alkogolnoy.Abstinence - State arising from the termination of the action of alcohol or drugs at the sudden interruption of their admission. Often the term is wrongly applied to a hangover abstinence, whereas it is a more serious condition, the respective second - expanded - alcohol phase. The clinical picture and course of withdrawal depends on the nature of the drug substance, its dose and duration of use. Typical symptoms - headache, dizziness, dry mouth, tachycardia, and sometimes nausea, depressed mood, often accompanied by ideas of self-blame and remorse, harsh physical weakness, heightened suggestibility, need for drugs, etc. There are insomnia, fearfulness, anxiety, suicidal tendencies. the development of alcoholic epilepsy. Abstinensiya — ruhiy va somato-nevrologik buzilish. Abstinensiya narkotiklarni uzoq vaqt qabul qilishni to‘xtatish qoibatida yuzaga keladigan ruhiy va somato-nevrologik buzilishlarning birga kelishidir. Abstinensiya quvvatsizlik, ko‘p terlash, qusish, ich ketish, qo‘l titrashi, bo‘g‘imlarda og‘riq, nafas qisishi, yurak o‘ynashi va uyqusuzlik bilan kechadi. Abstinensiya holatida bemorlar ruhi tushgan yoki asabiy, serzarda bo‘lib qoladilar. Og‘ir abstinent sindrom agressiya bilan kechishi mumkin. Ba’zan bemorlar har qanday yo‘l bilan narkotikni olish uchun yig‘laydilar, o‘zlarini kasallikka soladilar: narkotik kiritilgandan so‘ng bu holat yo‘qolib ketadi. Hattoki, bemorlar qulflarni buzib preparatlarni o‘g‘irlaydilar.
2.ABSTRAKSIYA - protsess kognitivnыy - odna iz osnovnыx operatsiy mыshleniya; sostoit v vыdelenii opredelennыx priznakov izuchaemogo selostnogo ob’ekta i otvlechenii ot ostalnыx. Rezultat - postroenie umstvennogo produkta: ponyatiya, modeli, teorii i prochee - takje nazыvaetsya abstraksiey. Pervichno abstraksiya vыstupaet pri neposredstvennom chuvstvenno-obraznom otrajenii sredы, kogda odni ee svoystva stanovyatsya orientirami dlya vospriyatiya i deystviya, a drugie ignoriruyutsya. Abstraction - a cognitive process - one of the basic operations of thinking; It is to allocate certain characteristics of the object being studied holistic and distraction from the rest. Result - building intellectual products: concepts, models, theories, and so on - also called abstraction. Primary abstraction stands in direct sense-figurative reflection of the environment in which some of its properties have become reference points for perception and action, while others are ignored. Abstraksiya (lot. abstractio — ajratish, mavhumlash) — 1) butunning tomoni, momenti, bo‘lagi, fragmenti, rivojlana olmagan, bir tomonlama, fragmentar (abstrakt) narsa; 2) bilishda ob’ektiv reallikdagi predmet, hodisalarning ikkinchi darajali, uncha muhim bo‘lmagan ayrim xususiyatlari-dan xayolan uzoqlashtiruvchi va shu asosda ularning eng muhim, asosiy tomonla-rini bo‘rttirib ko‘rsatuvchi fikriy model. Narsa va hodisalarning konkret tomon, belgilaridan uzoqlashish va muhim jihat, belgilarini ajratish jarayoni abstraksiyalash (mavhumlashtirish), shu jarayonning natijasi, yakuni, xulosa-si esa A. deyiladi. A. bilishda tushuncha, kategoriya shaklida namoyon bo‘ladi.