498
Chapter 25
54
. c., p. 89. With reference to the children in these colonies, Dr. Hunter says: “People are not now
alive to tell us how children were brought up before this age of dense agglomerations of poor began,
and he would be a rash prophet who should tell us what future behaviour is to be expected from the
present growth of children, who, under circumstances probably never before paralleled in this country,
are now completing their education for future practice, as ’dangerous classes’ by sitting up half the
night with persons of every age, half naked, drunken, obscene, and quarrelsome.” (l. c., p. 56.)
55
l. c., p. 62.
56
“Report of the Officer of Health of St. Martins-in-the-Fields, 1865.”
57
“Public Health, Eighth Report, 1866,” p. 91.
58
l. c., p. 88.
59
l. c., p. 88.
60
l. c., p. 89.
61
l. c., p. 55 and 56.
62
l. c., p. 149.
63
l. c., p. 50.
64
COLLECTING AGENTS LIST (BRADFORD)
Houses
Vulcan Street, No. 122
1 Room
16 persons
Lumiev Street, No. 13
1 Room
11 persons
Bower Street, No. 41
1 Room
11 persons
Portland Street. No. 112
1 Room
10 persons
Hardy Street, No. 17
1 Room
10 persons
North Street, No. 18
1 Room
16 persons
North Street, No. 17
1 Room
13 persons
Wymer Street, No. 19
1 Room
8 adults
Jowett Street, No. 56
1 Room
12 persons
George Street, No. 150
1 Room
3 families
Rifle Court Marygate, No. 11
1 Room
11 persons
Marshall Street, No. 28
1 Room
10 persons
Marshall Street, No. 49
1 Room
3 families
George Street, No. 128
1 Room
18 persons
George Street, No. 130
1 Room
16 persons
Edward Street, No. 4
1 Room
17 persons
George Street, No. 49
1 Room
2 families
York Street, No. 34
1 Room
2 families
Salt Pie Street (bottom)
1 Room
26 persons
Cellars
Regent Square
1 cellar
8 persons
Acre Street
1 cellar
7 persons
33 Roberts Court
1 cellar
7 persons
Back Pratt Street used as a brazier’s shop
1 cellar
7 persons
27 Ebenezer Street
1 cellar
6 persons
l.c. p. 111 (no male over 18)
65
l. c., p. 114.
499
Chapter 25
66
l. c., p. 50.
67
“Public Health. Seventh Report. 1865,” p. 18.
68
l. c., p. 165.
69
l. c., p. 18, Note. — The Relieving Officer of the Chapel-en-le-Frith Union reported to the Registar-
General as follows: — “At Doveholes, a number of small excavations have been made into a large
hillock of lime ashes (the refuse of lime-kilns), and which are used as dwellings, and occupied by
labourers and others employed in the construction of a railway now in course of construction through
that neighbourhood. The excavations are small and damp, and have no drains or privies about them,
and not the slightest means of ventilation except up a hole pulled through the top, and used for a
chimney. In consequence of this defect, small-pox has been raging for some time, and some deaths
[amongst the troglodytes] have been caused by it.” (l. c., note 2.)
70
The details given at the end of Part IV. refer especially to the labourers in coal mines. On the still
worse condition in metal mines, see the very conscientious Report of the Royal Commission of 1864.
71
l. c., pp. 180, 182.
72
l. c., pp. 515, 517.
73
l. c., p. 16.
74
“Wholesale starvation of the London Poor.... Within the last few days the walls of London have
been placarded with large posters, bearing the following remarkable announcement: — ‘Fat oxen!
Starving men! The fat oxen from their palace of glass have gone to feed the rich in their luxurious
abode, while the starving men are left to rot and die in their wretched dens.’ The placards bearing
these ominous words are put up at certain intervals. No sooner has one set been defaced or covered
over, than a fresh set is placarded in the former, or some equally public place.... This ... reminds one of
the secret revolutionary associations which prepared the French people for the events of 1789.... At
this moment, while English workmen with their wives and children are dying of cold and hunger,
there are millions of English gold — the produce of English labour — being invested in Russian,
Spanish, Italian, and other foreign enterprises.” —Reynolds’ Newspaper, January 20th, 1867.
75
James E. Thorold Rogers. (Prof. of Polit. Econ. in the University of Oxford.) “A History of
Agriculture and Prices in England.” Oxford, 1866, v. 1, p. 690. This work, the fruit of patient and
diligent labour, contains in the two volumes that have so far appeared, only the period from 1259 to
1400. The second volume contains simply statistics. It is the first authentic “History of Prices” of the
time that we possess.
76
“Reasons for the Late Increase of the Poor-Rates: or a comparative view of the prices of labour and
provisions.” Lond., 1777, pp. 5, 11.
77
Dr. Richard Price: “Observations on Reversionary Payments,” 6th Ed. By W. Morgan, Lond., 1803,
v. II., pp. 158, 159. Price remarks on p. 159: “The nominal price of day-labour is at present no more
than about four times, or, at most, five times higher than it was in the year 1514. But the price of corn
is seven times, and of flesh-meat and raiment about fifteen times higher. So far, therefore, has the
price of labour been even from advancing in proportion to the increase in the expenses of living, that it
does not appear that it bears now half the proportion to those expenses that it did bear.”
78
Barton, l. c., p. 26. For the end of the 18th century cf. Eden, l. c.
79
Parry, l. c., p. 86.
80
ibid., p. 213.
81
S. Laing, l. c., p. 62.
82
“England and America.” Lond., 1833, Vol. 1, p. 47.
83
London Economist, May 29th, 1845, p. 290.