Camancho-B., S.E., A.E. Hall and M.R. Kaufman. 1974. Efficiency
and regulation of water transport in some woody and herbaceous
species. Plant Physiol. 54:169–172.
Èermák, J. and J. Kuèera. 1981. The compensation of natural temper-
ature gradient in the measuring point during the sap flow rate deter-
mination in trees. Biol. Plant. 23:469–471.
Èermák, J. and J. Kuèera. 1990. Changes in transpiration of healthy
mature trees due to environmental conditions and of those with
damaged water conductive system. In Proc. IUFRO Internat.
Workshop Verification of hypotheses and possibilities of recovery
of forest ecosystems. Eds. E. Klimo and J. Materna. Beskydy Mt.,
Czechoslovakia, Sept. 4–8, 1989. Agr. Univ. Brno, pp. 275–286.
Èermák, J. and N. Nadezhdina. 1998. Sapwood as the scaling para-
meter—defining according to xylem water content or radial pat-
tern of sap flow? Ann. Sci. For. 55:509–521.
Èermák, J., M. Deml and M. Penka. 1973. A new method of sap flow
rate determination in trees. Biol. Plant. (Praha) 15:171–178.
Èermák, J., M. Palát and M. Penka. 1976. Transpiration flow rate in
fully-grown tree Prunus avium L. by heat balance method esti-
mated, in connection with some meteorological factors. Biol.
Plant. (Praha) 18:111–118.
Èermák, J., J. Úlehla, J. Kuèera and M. Penka. 1982. Sap flow rate
and transpiration dynamics in the full-grown oak (Quercus robur
L.) in floodplain forest exposed to seasonal floods as related to po-
tential evapotranspiration and tree dimensions. Biol. Plant. 24:
446–460.
Èermák, J., J. Jeník, J. Kuèera and V. idek. 1984. Xylem water flow
in a crack willow tree (Salix fragilis L.) in relation to diurnal
changes of environment. Oecologia 64:145–151.
Èermák, J., E. Cienciala, J. Kuèera, A. Lindroth and J.-E. Hallgren.
1992. Radial velocity profiles of water flow in stems of spruce and
oak and response of spruce tree to severing. Tree Physiol. 10:
367–380.
Èermák, J., M.S. Jimenez, A.M. Gonzales-Rodriguez and D. Mo-
rales. 2001. Laurel forests in Tenerife, Canary Islands: efficiency of
water conducting systems in Laurus azorica trees. Trees 16:
538–546.
Èermák, J., J. Kuèera and N. Nadì dina. 2004. Sap flow measure-
ments with some thermodynamic methods, flow integration within
trees and scaling up from sample trees to entire forest stands. Trees
18:529–546.
Dixon, M.A., J. Grace and M.T. Tyree. 1984. Concurrent measure-
ments of stem density, leaf and stem water potential, stomatal con-
ductance and cavitation on a sapling of Thuja occidentalis L. Plant
Cell Environ. 7:615–618.
Dobbs, R.C. and D.R.M. Scott. 1971. Distribution of diurnal fluctua-
tions in stem circumference of Douglas-fir. Can. J. For. Res.
1:80–83.
Domec, J.C. and B.L. Gartner. 2001. Cavitation and water storage ca-
pacity in bole xylem segments of mature and young Douglas-fir
trees. Trees 15:204–214.
Domec, J.C. and B.L. Gartner. 2002. How do water transport and wa-
ter storage differ in coniferous earlywood and latewood? J. Exp.
Bot. 53: 2369–2379.
Elfving, D.C., M.R. Kaufmann and A.E. Hall. 1972. Interpreting leaf
water potential measurements with a model of the soil-plant-atmo-
sphere continuum. Physiol. Plant. 27:161–168.
Franco-Vizcaino, E., G. Goldstein and I.P. Ting. 1990. Comparative
gas exchange of leaves and bark in three stem succulents of Baja
California. Am. J. Bot. 77:1272–1278.
Gartner, B.L. 1995. Patterns of xylem variation within a tree and their
hydraulic and mechanical consequences. In Plant Stems: Physiol-
ogy and Functional Morphology. Ed. B.L. Gartner. Academic
Press, San Diego, pp 125 –149.
Goldstein, G., F. Meinzer and M. Monasterio. 1984. The role of ca-
pacitance in the water balance of Andean giant rose species. Plant
Cell Environ. 6:649–656.
Goldstein, G., J.L. Andrade, F.C. Meinzer, N.M. Holbrook, J.
Cavelier, P. Jackson and A.Celis. 1998. Stem water storage and di-
urnal patterns of water use in tropical forest canopy trees. Plant Cell
Environ. 21:397–406.
Hellkvist, J., G.P. Richards and P.G. Jarvis. 1974. Vertical gradients of
water potential and tissue water relations in Sitka spruce trees mea-
sured with the pressure chamber. J. Appl. Ecol. 11:637–668.
Herzog, K.M., R. Häsler and R. Thum. 1995. Diurnal changes in the
radius of a subalpine Norway spruce stem: their relation to the sap
flow and their use to estimate transpiration. Trees 10:94–101.
Hinckley, T.M. and D.N. Bruckerhoff. 1975. The effect of drought on
water relations and stem shrinkage of Quercus alba. Can. J. Bot.
53:62–72.
Hinckley, T.M., J.R. Brooks, J. Èermák, R. Ceulemans, J. Kucera,
F.C. Meinzer and D.A. Roberts. 1994. Water flux in a hybrid poplar
stand. Tree Physiol. 14:1005–1018.
Holbrook, N.M. 1995. Stem water storage. In Plant Stems: Physiol-
ogy and Functional Morphology. Ed. B.L. Gartner. Academic
Press, San Diego, pp.151–174.
Holbrook, N.M. and T.R. Sinclair. 1992a. Water balance in the
arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto. I. Stem structure, tissue water
release properties and leaf epidermis conductance. Plant Cell Envi-
ron. 15:393–399.
Holbrook, N.M. and T.R. Sinclair. 1992b. Water balance in the
arborescent palm, Sabal palmetto. II. Transpiration and stem water
storage. Plant Cell Environ. 15:401–409.
Holbrook, N.M., M.A. Zwieniecki and P.J. Melcher. 2002. The dy-
namics of “dead wood:” Maintenance of water transport through
plant stems. Integrative Compar. Biol. 42:492–496.
Intrigliolo, D.S. and J.R. Castel. 2006. Usefulness of diurnal trunk
shrinkage as a water stress indicator in plum trees. Tree Physiol. 26:
303–311.
Irvine, J. and J. Grace. 1997. Continuous measurements of water ten-
sions in the xylem of trees based on the elastic properties of wood.
Planta 202:455–461.
Irvine, J., B.E. Law, M.R. Kurpius, P.M. Anthoni, D. Moore and
P.A. Schwarz. 2004. Age-related changes in ecosystem structure
and function and effects on water and carbon exchange in ponder-
osa pine. Tree Physiol. 24:753–763.
Ishii, H., J.H. Reynolds, E.D. Ford and D.C. Shaw. 2000. Height
growth and vertical development of an old-growth Pseudo-
tsuga-Tsuga forest in southwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Can.
J. For. Res. 30:17–24.
Ishii, H., E.D. Ford, M.E. Boscolo, A.C. Manriquez, M.E. Wilson and
T.M. Hinckley. 2002. Variation in specific needle area of old-
growth Douglas-fir in relation to needle age, within-crown position
and epicormic shoot production. Tree Physiol. 22:31–40.
Jimenez, M.S., N. Nadezhdina, J. Èermák and D. Morales. 2000. Ra-
dial variation of sap flow in five laurel forest tree species in
Tenerife, Canary Islands. Tree Physiol. 20:1149–1156.
Klepper, B., D. Browning and H.M. Taylor. 1971. Stem diameter in
relation to plant water status. Plant Physiol. 48:683–685.
Koch, G.W., S.C. Sillett, G. Jennings and S.B. Davis. 2004. The limits
to tree height. Nature 428:851–854.
Korf, V., K. Hubac, S. Smelko and J. Wolf. 1972. Dendrometry. In
Czech. State Agricultural Press (SZN), Prague, 378 p.
Köstner, B.M.M., E.-D. Schulze, F.M. Kelliher, D.Y. Hollinger,
J.N. Byers, J.E. Hunt, T.M. McSeveny, R. Meserth and P.L. Weir.
1992. Transpiration and canopy conductance in a Pristine
broad-leaved forest of Nothofagus—an analysis of xylem sap flow
and eddy correlation measurements. Oecologia 91:350–359.
196
ÈERMÁK, KUÈERA, BAUERLE, PHILLIPS AND HINCKLEY
TREE PHYSIOLOGY VOLUME 27, 2007
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/treephys/article-abstract/27/2/181/1664618
by guest
on 25 July 2018
Kuèera, J., J. Èermák and M. Penka. 1977. Improved thermal method
of continual recording the transpiration flow rate dynamics. Biol.
Plant. 19:413–420.
Kravka, M. and J. Èermák. 1995. Water storage in stem wood of large
pine and spruce trees in central Sweden natural forests. European
Geophysical Society, Proc. XX General Assembly, Annales
Geophysicae. Part II. Oceans, Atmosphere, Hydrology & Nonlin-
ear Geophysics, Suppl. II to Vol. 13, p. C-504, Hamburg, Germany.
Kravka, M., T. Krejzar and J. Èermák. 1999. Water content in stem
wood of large pine and spruce trees in natural forests in central
Sweden. Agric. For. Meteorol. 98–99:555–562.
Krejzar., T. and M. Kravka. 1998. Sap flow and vessel distribution in
annual rings and petiols of large oaks. Lesnictvi-Forestry
44:193–201.
Ladefoged, L. 1963. Transpiration of forest trees in closed stands.
Physiol Plant. 16:378–414.
Landsberg, J.J., T.W. Blanchard and B. Warrit. 1976. Studies on
movement of water through apple trees. J. Exp. Bot. 27:579–596.
Lassoie, J.P. 1973. Diurnal dimensional fluctuations in a Douglas-fir
stem in response to tree water status. For. Sci. 19:251–255.
Lassoie, J.P. 1979. Stem dimensional fluctuations in Douglas-fir stem
in response to tree water status. For. Sci. 25:132–144.
Lindroth, A., J. Èermák, J. Kuèera, E. Cienciala and H. Eckersten.
1995. Sap flow by heat balance method applied to small size
salix-trees in a short-rotation forest. Biomass Bioenergy 8:7–15.
Long, J.N., F.W. Smith and D.R.M. Scott. 1981. The role of
Douglas-fir stem sapwood and heartwood in the mechanical and
physiological support of crowns and development of stem form.
Can. J. For. Res. 11:459–464.
Loustau, D., P. Berbegier, R. Roumangnac, C. Arruda-Pecheco, J.S.
David, M.I. Ferreira, J.S. Perreira and R. Tavares. 1996. Transpira-
tion of a 64-year-old Maritime pine stand in Portugal. 1. Seasonal
course of water flux through Maritime pine. Oecologia 107:33–42.
MacDougal, D.T. 1925. Reversible variations in volume, pressure and
movements of sap in trees. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ.
No. 365, 90 p.
Martin, T.A., K. Brown, J. Èermák, R. Ceulemans, J. Kuèera,
R. Meinzer, J. Rombolt, D. Sprugel and T.M. Hinckley. 1997.
Crown conductance and tree and stand transpiration in a sec-
ond-growth Abies amabilis forest. Can. J. For. Res. 27:797–808.
Martin, T.A., K.J. Brown, T.M. Hinckley, J. Kuèera, F.C. Meinzer and
D.G. Sprugel. 2001. Control of transpiration in a 220-year-old
Abies amabilis forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 152:211–224.
McCully, M.E. 1998. Daily embolism and refilling of xylem vessels
in the roots of field-grown maize. New Phytol. 138:327–342.
McCully, M.E. 1999. Root xylem embolism and refilling. Relation to
water potentials of soil, roots and leaves and osmotic potentials of
root xylem sap. Plant Physiol. 119:1001–1008.
McDowell, N.G., H. Barnard, B.J. Bond et al. 2002. The relationship
between tree height and leaf area: sapwood area ratio. Oecologia
132:12–20.
Meinzer, F.C., J.R. Brooks, J.C. Domec, B.L. Gartner, J.M. Warren,
D.R. Woodruff, K. Bible and D.C. Shaw. 2006. Dynamics of water
transport and storage in conifers studied with deuterium and heat
tracing techniques. Plant Cell Environ. 29:105–114.
Milne, . 1989. Diurnal water storage in the stems of Picea sitchensis
(Bong.) Carr. Plant Cell Environ. 12:63–72.
Molz, F.J., B. Klepper and C.M. Peterson. 1973. Rehydration versus
growth-induced water uptake in plant tissues. Plant Physiol. 51:
859–862.
Molz, F.J. and B. Klepper. 1973. On the mechanism of wa-
ter-stress-induced stem deformation. Agron. J. 65:304–306.
Morales, D., M.S. Jimenez, A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez and J. Èermák.
2001. Forests in Tenerife, Canary Islands: vessel distribution in
stems and in petioles of Laurus azorica trees. Trees 16:529–537.
Morikawa, Y. 1974. Sap flow in Chamaecyparis obtusa in relation to
water economy of woody plants. Tokyo Univ. For. Bull. 66:
251–297.
Nadezhdina, N., J. Èermák, D. Morales, M.S. Jimenez, A. Raschi, I.
Ferreira. and J. Michaelsen. 2001. Estimation of xylem sap flow
conducting patterns in stems of ten tree species growing in three
Mediterraen countries as a pre-condition for upscaling data from
trees to forest stands. In Proc. Int. Conf. For. Res.: A Challenge For
an Integrated European Approach. Vol. II. Ed. K. Radoglou.
Thesalonniki, Greece, pp 507–512.
Parker, G.G. 1997. Canopy structure and light environment of an
old-growth Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest. Northwest Sci.
71:261–270.
Parker, G.G., M.M. Davis and S.M. Chapotin. 2002. Canopy light
transmittance in Douglas-fir-western hemlock stands. Tree Phys-
iol. 22:147–157.
Perämäki, M., E. Nikinmaa, S. Sevanto, H. Ilvesniemi, E. Siivola,
P. Hari and T. Vesala. 2001. Tree stem diameter variations and tran-
spiration in Scots pine: an analysis using dynamic sap flow model.
Tree Physiol. 21:889–897.
Philip, M.S. 1994. Measuring trees and forests. CAB International,
Wallingford, University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 310 p.
Phillips, N., R. Oren and R. Zimmermann. 1996. Radial patterns of
xylem sap flow in non-, diffuse- and ring-porous tree species. Plant
Cell Environ. 19:983–990.
Phillips, N.G., M.G. Ryan, B.J. Bond, N.G. McDowell, T.M. Hinck-
ley and J. Èermák. 2003. Reliance on stored water increases with
tree size in three species in the Pacific Northwest Tree Physiol.
23:237–245.
Roberts, J. 1976. An examination of the quantity of water stored in
mature Pinus sylvestris L. trees. J. Exp. Bot. 27:473–479.
Ryan, M.G. and B.J. Yoder. 1996. Hydraulic limits to tree height and
tree growth. Bioscience 47:235–242.
Ryan, M.G., B.J. Bond, R.M. Hubbard, E. Cienciala, J. Kuèera,
D. Woodruff, B.E. Law and R. Lewis. 2000. Transpiration and
whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different
heights. Oecologia 124:553–560.
Rychnovská, M., J. Èermák and P. Šmíd. 1980. Water output in a
stand of Phragmites communis Trin. A comparison of three meth-
ods. Acta Sci. Nat. 14:1–27.
Schulte, P.J. 1993. Tissue hydraulic properties and the water relations
of desert shrubs. In Water Deficits: Plant Responses from Cell to
Community. Eds. J.A.C. Smith and H. Griffiths. BIOS Scientific
Publishers, pp 171–191.
Schulze, E.-D., J. Èermák, R. Matyssek, M. Penka, R. Zimmermann,
F. Vasicek, W. Gries and J. Kuèera. 1985. Canopy transpiration and
flow rate fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea
trees—a comparison of xylem flow, porometer and cuvette mea-
surements. Oecologia 66:475–483.
Sellin, A. 1991a. Variation in sapwood thickness of Picea abies in Es-
tonia dependinRg on tree age. Scand. J. For. Res. 6:463–469.
Sellin, A. 1991b. Hydraulic conductivity of xylem depending on wa-
ter saturation level in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).
J. Plant Physiol. 138:466–469.
Sevanto, S., T. Vesala, M. Perämäki and E. Nikinmaa. 2002. Time
lags for xylem and stem diameter variations in a Scots pine tree.
Plant Cell Environ. 25:1071–1077.
Shane, M.W. and M.E. McCully. 1999. Root xylem embolisms:
implications for water flow to the shoot in single-rooted maize
plants. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 26:107–114.
TREE PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE at http://heronpublishing.com
DYNAMICS OF TREE WATER STORAGE AND STEM DIAMETER CHANGE
197
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/treephys/article-abstract/27/2/181/1664618
by guest
on 25 July 2018
Shaw, D.C., J.F. Franklin, K. Bible, J. Klopatek, E. Freeman,
S. Greene and G.G. Parker. 2004. Ecological setting of the Wind
River old-growth forest. Ecosystems 7:427–439.
So, H.B. 1979. An analysis of the relationship between stem diameter
and leaf water potential. Agron. J. 71:675–679.
Sperry, J.S. 1995. Limitations on stem water transport and their con-
sequences. In Plant Stems: Physiology and Functional Morphol-
ogy. Ed. B.L. Gartner. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 105–124.
Sperry, J.S., F.R. Adler, G.S. Campbell and J.P. Comstock. 1998.
Limitation of plant water use by rhizosphere and conductance: re-
sults from a model. Plant Cell Environ. 21:347–359.
Steinberg, S.L., M.J. McFarland and J.W. Worthington. 1990. Com-
parison of trunk and branch sap flow with canopy transpiration in
Pecan. J. Exp. Bot. 41: 653–659.
Steppe, K. and R. Lemeur. 2004. An experimental system for analysis
of the dynamic sap-flow characteristics in young trees: results of a
beech tree. Funct. Plant Biol. 31, 83–92.
Stewart, C.M. 1967. Moisture content of living trees. Nature 214:
138–140.
Swanson, R.H. 1971. Velocity distribution patterns in ascending xy-
lem sap during transpiration. In Symposium on Flow—Its Mea-
surement and Control in Science and Industry. Canadian Forestry
Service Paper No. 4/2/171, 11 p.
Tatarinov, F. and J. Èermák. 1999. Daily and seasonal variation of
stem radius in oak. Ann. Sci. For. 56:579–590.
Tatarinov, F., J. Èermák, J. Kuèera and A. Prax. 2000. Transpiration of
spruce in a mature plantation in Drahanska Vrchovina uplands,
Moravia. I. Variation between individual trees. Ekologia
(Bratislava) 19:48–62.
Tatarinov, F., J. Kuèera and E. Cienciala. 2005. The analysis of physi-
cal background of tree sap flow measurements based on thermal
methods. Meas. Sci. Technol. 16:1157–1169.
Tyree, M.T. 1988. Dynamic model for water flow in a single tree: evi-
dence that models must account for hydraulic architecture. Tree
Physiol. 4:195–217.
Tyree, M.T. and S. Yang. 1990. Water-storage capacity of Thuja,
Tsuga and Acer stems measured by dehydration isotherms. Planta
182: 420–426.
Tyree, M.T., D.A. Snyderman, T.R. Wilmot and J.-L. Machado. 1991.
Water relations and hydraulic architecture of a tropical tree
(Schefflera morototoni). Plant Physiol. 96:1105–1113.
Vogel, M. 1994. Automatic precision measurement of radial incre-
ment in a mature spruce stand and interpretation variants of
short-term changes in increment values. In German. Allg. Forst-u.
J. Ztg., 1965:34–40.
Waring, R.H. and S.W. Running. 1978. Sapwood water storage: its
contribution to transpiration and effect upon water conductance
through the stems of old-growth Douglas-fir. Plant Cell Eviron.
1:131–140.
Waring, R.H., D. Whitehead and P.G. Jarvis. 1979. The contribution
of stored water to transpiration in Scots pine. Plant Cell Environ. 2:
309–317.
Wenkert, W. 1983. Water transport and balance within plant: an over-
view. In Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production.
Eds. H.M. Taylor, W.R. Jordon and T.R. Sinclair. American Soci-
ety of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 137–172.
Woodruff, D.R., B.J. Bond and F.C. Meinzer. 2004. Does turgor limit
growth in tall trees? Plant Cell Environ. 27:229–236.
Zaerr, J.B. 1971. Moisture stress and stem diameter in young
Douglas-fir. For. Sci. 17:460–469.
Zimmermann, M.H. 1983. Xylem structure and the ascent of sap.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 143 p.
Zimmermann, M.H. and C.L. Brown. 1971. Trees, structure and func-
tion. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 336 p.
Zweifel, R. and R. Häsler. 2001. Dynamics of water storage in mature
subalpine Picea abies: temporal and spatial patterns of change in
stem radius. Tree Physiol. 21:561–569.
Zweifel, R., H. Item and R. Häsler. 2000. Stem radius changes and
their relation to stored water in stems of young Norway spruce
trees. Trees 15:50–57.
Zweifel, R., H. Item and R. Häsler. 2001. Link between diurnal stem
radius changes and tree water relations. Tree Physiol. 21:869–877.
Zwieniecki, M.A. and N.M. Holbrook. 1998. Diurnal variation in xy-
lem hydraulic conductivity in white ash (Fraxinus americana L.),
red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.).
Plant Cell Environ. 21:1173–1180.
198
ÈERMÁK, KUÈERA, BAUERLE, PHILLIPS AND HINCKLEY
TREE PHYSIOLOGY VOLUME 27, 2007
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/treephys/article-abstract/27/2/181/1664618
by guest
on 25 July 2018
Dostları ilə paylaş: |