638
NOTES
(25), 1913, Lenin sent the article to Rubakin in Clarens, Switzer-
land, with a letter stipulating that the article “should not be al-
tered in any way” (see Present edition, Vol. 35, Russian ed., p. 45).
The article was published in full.
p. 485
Iskra (The Spark)—the first all-Russia illegal Marxist newspaper.
It was founded by Lenin in December 1900 abroad, from where it
was secretly sent to Russia. It played a tremendous part in uniting
the Russian Social-Democrats ideologically and paving the way
for the unification of scattered local organisations in a revolution-
ary Marxist party. After the split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
that took place at the Second Congress of the R.S.D.L.P. in 1903,
Iskra passed into the hands of the Mensheviks (beginning with No.
52) and came to be called the “new” Iskra as distinct from the
“old” Iskra, edited by Lenin.
p. 485
The
Zemstvo campaign was conducted by bourgeois liberals be-
tween the autumn of 1904 and January 1905. It consisted of a series
of congresses, public meetings and banquets at which speeches were
made and resolutions passed in support of moderate constitutional
demands. Lenin sharply criticised the Menshevik attitude of sup-
port for the campaign in his article “The Zemstvo Campaign and
p. 485
Machism—a reactionary, subjectivist-idealist philosophical trend
which became widespread in Western Europe in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth century. It was founded by Ernst Mach, an
Austrian physicist and philosopher, and Richard Avenarius, a
German philosopher.
Machism was particularly dangerous to the working class as a
trend of bourgeois idealist philosophy, for while professing to be
opposed to idealism it referred to contemporary natural science,
a circumstance which gave it a “scientific” semblance. In Russia,
Machist influence was strong among a section of the Social-Demo-
cratic intelligentsia. It was particularly widespread among the
Menshevik intellectuals, such as N. Valentinov and P. S. Yushke-
vich. Some Bolshevik writers, too, including V. Bazarov, A. Bog-
danov and A. V. Lunacharsky, adopted the standpoint of Machism.
Under the pretence of developing Marxism, the Russian Machists
tried to revise the fundamental tenets of Marxist philosophy.
Lenin in his book Materialism and Empirio-criticism exposed the
reactionary nature of Machism. He upheld Marxist philosophy
against revisionist attacks and elaborated dialectical and histori-
cal materialism in the new historical conditions.
The defeat of Machism struck a powerful blow at the ideological
positions of the Mensheviks, otzovists and god-builders.
p. 486
V. Ilyin—one of Lenin’s pseudonyms.
p. 486
The Republican Party of Radicals and Radical-Socialists—a French
bourgeois party which took organisational shape in 1901. In reality
188
189
190
191
192
Iskra’s Plan” (see present edition, Vol. 7, pp. 495-516).
639
NOTES
it has existed since the 1880s. Before the First World War it
represented mainly the interests of the petty and middle bourgeoi-
sie. Between the First and the Second world wars the big bourgeoi-
sie increased its influence in it. Its leaders have repeatedly headed
French governments.
p. 487
Lenin is quoting from D. Davydov’s poem, “The Song of an Old
Hussar”.
p. 491
This refers to the following statement of the Communist Manifesto:
“The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing
the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie.” (Marx and Engels,
Selected Works, Moscow, 1958, Vol. I, p. 36.)
p. 492
Lenin is quoting from Karl Marx’s
Zur Kritik der Hegelschen
Rechtsphilosophie (K. Marx, F. Engels,
Werke, Bd. 1. S. 379.
Berlin. Dietz Verlag, 1958).
p. 492
See Note 47.
p. 495
See Note 40.
p. 495
By “Ropshin-like experiences” Lenin means the reactionary ideas
and decadent sentiments which became widespread in the years of
reaction among the Socialist-Revolutionary intelligentsia and
found a particularly vivid expression in the writings of Ropshin
(B. Savinkov).
p. 497
F. L—ko—a pseudonym of Lenin.
p. 507
This refers to the Fourth Duma elections in Riga and Yekaterino-
dar, where the Cadets voted with the Right-wing Black-Hundred
parties against the Social-Democratic candidates.
p. 510
Pochin (
L’Initiative)—a Narodnik-liquidationist periodical pub-
lished by a group of Socialist-Revolutionaries. Its only issue
appeared in Paris in June 1912.
p. 514
This refers to the decisions of the Fifth All-Russia Conference of
the R.S.D.L.P. held in December 1908 and of the enlarged edito-
rial board meeting of Proletary in June 1909 (see “The C.P.S.U.
in Resolutions and Decisions of Its Congresses, Conferences and
Plenary Meetings of the Central Committee, Russ. ed., Part One,
1954, pp. 195-205, 212-32).
p. 518
A. V. P.—pseudonym of A. V. Peshekhonov, one of the leaders of
the Popular Socialist Party.
p. 524
Nikolai—on—pseudonym of N. F. Danielson, an ideologist of the
liberal Narodism of the 1880s and 1890s.
p. 524
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200
201
202
203
204