Derrida, Jaques [1997 (1967)]: Of Grammatology
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34.Cf. also Emile, pp. 66—69 [pp. 46-48]. 35.Rousseau dreams of an unarticulated language, but he describes the origin of languages as the passage from the cry to articualtion. The consonant which for him goes hand in hand with articulation, is the becoming-language of sound, the becoming-phonetic of natural sonority. It is the consonant that gives the possibility of a linguistic pertinence to sound, by inscribing it within an opposition. Jakobson has shown, against current prejudices, that “in the acquisition of language, the first vocalic opposition is ((354))
posterior to the first consonantal oppositions; there is thus a stage when the consonants already fulfill a distinctive function, whereas the unique vowel yet serves only as stress to the consonant and as material for expressive variations. Thus we see the consonants acquiring phonemic value before vowels” (“Les lois phoniques du langage enfantin et leur place dans la phonologie générale,” Selected Writings [The Hague, 1962], I : 325) . ((355))
Index Abel, Lionel, 318 Abimilech, 267 Abraham, 267 Abraham, Karl, 339 Adam, 35, 192, 254 Ajuriaguerra, Julian de, 334 Alexander, 237, 347 Anaximander, xvi Antony, 342 Aristotle, lviii, 29, 86, 319, 324, 334; De Interpretatione, 11, 30, 98; Metaphysics, lxxiii; Physics, xlix, 72; Poetics, lv Arnauld, Antoine, 341 Artaud, Antonin, 307 Aubenque, Pierre, 324 Augustine, St., 249 Axelos, Kostas, 326 Bachelard, Gaston, 8o, 348-49 Barthel, Thomas S., 90, 334 Barthélemey, Abbé, 81 Barthes, Roland, lv, 51-52, 320-21 Baruzi, jean, 331 Bataille, Georges, 307, 339 Bateson, Gregory, 322 Baudelaire, Charles, 321 Baudouin, H., 343 Baudouin de Courtenay, 64 Belaval, Yvon, 331 Bellerophon, 349 Berger, Pére, 82 Bergson, Henri, 67, 105, 117 Bernier, Nicolas, 207 Blanchot, Maurice, 322 Bloomfield, Maurice, 50 Bonnet, Charles, 16 Bopp, Franz, 37 Bouchardy, François, 338 Bouvet, Father, 79, 331 Brun, Jean, 332 Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, 342 Burgelin, Pierre, 338 Caesar, Julius, 342 Cain, 192, 252 Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, 15 Candaux, jean-Daniel, 338 Cassirer, Ernst, 335-36 Caws, Mary Ann, 317 Champollion, Jean-François, 81 Charbonnier, Georges, 337 Cicero, lviii Clement of Alexandria, 347 Cohen, Marcel, 82, 330, 333, 335, 352 Cohn, Robert Greer, 322 Condillac, Etienne, ix, 102, 193, 219, 231, 332, 335; Essai sur l’ origine des connaissances
Corneille, Pierre, 353 Coumes, Françoise, 334 Couturat, Louis, 330, 331 Culler, Jonathan, 321 Curtius, Ernst Robert, 15 D’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 172 Dalgarno, George, 79, 331 Darius, 238-39, 347 de Man, Paul, xlix, 319, 320, 322 Denner, Anne, 334
Derathé, Robert, 171-72, 338, 341, 342, 347, 348 Derrida, Marguerite, 334 Descartes, René, xlix, liv, lx-bd, lxxiii, 16, 98, 303, 342; ”Letter to Mersenne,” 76-78, 330-31;
Diderot, Denis, 107, 115, 193 Dierterlen, Germaine, 335 Diodorus Siculus, 351 ((356)) Diogenes, 237, 347 Doblhofer, Ernst, 332 Dodart, de la Coste M., 197 Donato, Eugenio, 317 Du Bos, Abbé, 341, 347 Duclos, Charles Pinot, 192-94, 197, 227-28, 347, 353; Remarks on a General and Reasoned
Du Marsais, César Chesneau, 350 Duns Scotus, John, 48, 49 Durkheim, Emile, 342 Eliezer, Rabbi, 16 Engels, Friedrich, 332 Espinas, Alfred Victor, 192-93, 343 Euripides, 201 Eve, 254 Fabre, Jean, 338 Fenollosa, Ernest, 92, 334-35 Février, James, 82, 324, 330, 335, 352 Filliozat, Jean, 335 Fink, Eugen, 20, 326 Fischer-Jorgensen, Eli, 54, 328 Focillon, Henri, 332 Foucault, Michel, lx-lxii, lxxvi, 322, 338 Fourier, Charles, 138, Fréret, 75, 8o-81, 83 Freud, Sigmund, xxi, xxv, xxix, xxxviii-xlviii, 1, lv, lviii, lxvi-lxvii, lxxviii, lxxxi, 67, 70, 118, 245, 318, 328; Beyond the Pleasure Principle, xlii, xliv, 319; The Interpretation of Dreams, xxxviii, xxxix, xli, xlvi, 45; “Project for a Scientific Psychology,” xxxix; “A Note upon the ‘Mystic Writing-Pad,”’ xxxix; “The Theme of the Three Caskets,” 347 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 322 Gagnebin, Bernard, 171, 335, 338 Galileo, 16 Garnot, Jean Saint Fare, 335 Gebelin, Court de, 332 Gelb, I. J., 83, 323 Gerhardt, C. I., 331 Gernet, Jacques, 123-24, 334, 335 Gibelin, Jean, 325 Ginneken, P. van, 324 Glucksman, Christine, xlviii, 321 Godel, Robert, 329 Gouhier, Henri, 338, 352 Granet, Marcel, 335 Granger, Gilles Gaston, 323 Groethuysen, Bernard, 338 Guattari, Félix, 318 Guyon, Bernard, 338 Halle, Morris, 54-55, 324, 326 Hartshorne, Charles, 326 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, xviii-xix, xxxiv, xxxvii, liv, lxxxii, lxxxiv, 11, 19, 29, 45, 71, 79, 86, 98-99, 167, 18o, 191, 246, 253, 283, 286, 298-99; Aesthetics [The Philosophy of Fine
176, 317
Heidegger, Martin, xxi, xxvii, xxxii, xxxviii, xliii, xlv, xlviii-1, lxlii, lxvii, lxxviii, lxxix, lxxxvii, 3, 10, 19-24, 70, 86, 93, 143, 326; Being and Time, 1, lxxvi, 21, 72, 320, 329; Existence and Being, 23, 341; Holzwege, 320, 324; Introduction to Metaphysics, 22, 324-25; Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, xxxii-xxxiii, 319, 343; Nietzsche, xxxiii-xxxv, 319; On the Way to Language, 20, 324; The Question of Being, xiv-xix, 23, 318; What Is Metaphysics?, 20, 324, 340 Hendel, Charles William, 341 Herder, Johann Gottfried, lxxxix, 330 Hermes, 328 Herodotus, 347 Hjemslev, Louis Trolle, 50, 53, 57-62, 327, 328 Hobbes, Thomas, 173, 181, 187, 188-89 Homer, 201, 269, 349, 352 ((357))
Horace, 239 Horus, 328 Houdebine, Jean-Louis, lxxvi, 318 Hrozny, B., 330 Hume, David, 16 Husserl, Edmund, xxi, lxxix, 21, 40, 48-50, 61-62, 67, 117, 283, 290-91; Cartesian Meditations, xxxviii, lii, 320;The Crisis of European Sciences, 64, 128; Formal and Transcendental Logic, 291, 320; Ideas, 64; Logical Investigations, 121; The Origin of Geometry, ix, xliv, li-liv, 27, 128, 317, 320, 326, 328, 334 Hyppolite, Jean, ix-x, xviii, 317 Irigaray, Luce, 319 Istrine, V., 324 Jabès, Edmond, 317 Jacobson, Roman, lvi, lxvii, 29, 64, 86; « Les Chats de Charles Baudelaire, » 321;Fundamentals of Language, 13, 53-55, 69, 72, 324, 326, 329; « A la recherche de l’essence du langage, » 326; « Typological Studies and Their Contribution to Historical Comparative Linguistics, » 81 Jameson, Fredric, 318 Jansens, A., 344 Jaspers, Karl, 16 Johanson, Stevan, 328 Julian, 202 Jünger, Ernst, xiv Justin, 343 Kafka, Franz, 272
Kant, Immanuel, xiii, xlix-1, 22, 34, 49, 289—91, 342-43, 344-45; The Critique of Practical Reason, 344; The Metaphysics of Morals, 344; Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone, 254-55
Kenny, Anthony, 330 Kircher, Athanase, 76, 80-81, 330, 331 Klein, Melanie, 88, 333-34 ¨ Knorosov, J. V., 90 Kristeva, Julia, lvii, 321—22 Labat, René, 335 Lacan, Jacques, lxii-lxvii, lxviii, lxxix, 320, 322 Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe, 318 La Fontaine, Jean de, 139 Laforgue, René, 159, 339 Lambert, 49 Lamy, Father Bernard, 347 Lancelot, Claude, 341 Lanson, Gustave, 193, 344 Laplanche, Jean, 319 Laporte, Roger, 65 Laroche, Emmanuel, 335 Lavonde-Monod, 334 Léau, Léopold, 330 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, liv, 3, 25, 26, 76, 77-80, 98, 303, 304, 312, 331, 342 Lemon, Lee T., 321 Leroi-Gourhan, André, lxxix, 83-86, 323, 332, 338 Levinas, Emmanuel, 70, 324, 329 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, xix, lvi-lix, lxxxiii, 99, 168, 319, 320; “Les Chats de Charles Baudelaire,” 321; The Elementary Structures of Kinship, 103-5; Introduction to the Work of
Lévy-Bruhl, Henri, 93, 335 Littré, Emile, 323 Locke, John, 205, 303, 342 Loukotka, Cestmir, 90, 324 Lully, Raymond, 303 Lycurgus, 297 ((358))
Macksey, Richard, 317 Maine de Biran, François Pierre, 67 Maistre, Joseph de, 352 Malebranche, Nicolas de, 34, 35, 283, 303 Malesherbes, Chrétien de, 192, 194 Mallarmé, Stéphane, xiii, 68, 92, 317 Mandeville, Bernard, 173, 341 Marr, Nicolai, 324 Martinet, André, 29, 31-32, 55-56, 228, 325, 332 Marx, Karl, 118, 120, 318 Masson, Oliver, 335 Masson, Pierre Maurice, 192-93, 343, 344
Mauss, Marcel, lv, lvi, 120, 335 McLuhan, Marshall, lxix Mehlman, Jeffrey, 322, 323 Melanippides, 201 Merkel, R. F., 331 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 335 Mersenne, Père, 76, 330 Metchaninov, Ivan Ivanovich, 324 Métraux, Alfred, 334, 335 Miller, J. Hillis, 320, 322 Mohrmann, Christine, 328 Montaigne, Michel de, 181 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, 220 Mosconi, jean, 253, 347 Nero, 202 Nietzsche, Friedrich, xiii, xv, xxi, =will-1, 1v, lix, lxvii, lxxviii, lxxix, lxxxii, 19, 24, 50, 70, 92, 143, 286-87, 326, 342; The Antichrist, 319; “Aus dem Gedankenkreise der Geburt der Tragödie,” 6; Beyond Good and Evil, xxx, 319; The Birth of Tragedy, 319; Ecce Homo, xxix, XXx, XXXii, 319; The Gay Science, xxiii, xxv, xxvi-xxx, xxxvi, 318; The Genealogy of
mi, 318; Thus Spoke Zarathustra, xxix; The Twilight of the Idols, xxxv, 319; “The Use and Abuse of History,” xxix, 319; The Will to Power, xxiii, xxiv-xxxv, 318 Noah, 192, 252, 254 Novalis, 342 O.PO.IAZ, 59 Ortigues, Edmond, 323
Osiris, 329, 339 Osmont, Robert, 338 Palmer, Elisabeth, 327 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 45, 48-50, 336 Perron, Roger, 334 Petitot, Claude Bernard, 341 Pherecrates, 201 Pherecydes Syrius, 347 Philoxenus, 201 Pinot, Virgile, 330 Plato, lv, lviii, lxxxvii, 3, 30, 33, 70, 167, 201, 246, 260, 301, 313; Cratylus, 243, 292;
Plutarch, 201 Poe, Edgar Allan, lxiv Pomorska, Krystyna, 321 Ponge, Francis, xlv Pontalis, J.-B., 319 Poulet, Georges, 338 Pound, Ezra, 92, 335 Préau, André, 326 Prometheus, 313 Propp, Vladimir, lv, 321 Proust, Marcel, 317 Pufendorf, Samuel, 342
Racine, jean, 353 Rameau, jean-Philippe, 193-94, 210-13, 345 Raymond, Marcel, 171, 335, 338, 348 Rê, 329 Reis, Marion J., 321 Renan, Ernst, 123 Rey, Jean-Michel, 319 ((359)) Richard, Jean-Pierre, 322 Ricoeur, Paul, 16, 322 Rodinson, Maxime, 119, 335 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, xiii, liv, lxx, lxxxiv, 3, 7, 27, 29, 97-100, 136, 167, 320, 326, 329, 332, 335, 336, 342-54;bThe Art of Enjoyment, 280; Confessions, 95, 114, 141-43, 147-64, 171, 214, 257, 259, 272, 280, 309, 311-12, 339, 340, 345; Dialogues, 118, 148, 153, 154, 185, 311; A Dictionary of Music, 172, 192, 196, 210, 212-14, 345; Discourse on Inequality, lxxxv, 36-37, 121, 133, 170-75, 177-79, 181-84, 188-9o, 192-94, 219-20, 223, 226, 230-32, 235, 242, 253, 255, 259, 269, 278-80, 342, 348; Discourse on Political Economy, 298; Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 313; Emile, 17, 97, 101, 133, 141, 145-47, 150, 152, 170, 174, 179- 82, 184, 186, 190-92, 204-6, 221-22, 247-48, 270, 303-4, 311, 316, 343, 348, 349, 351, 353; The Essay on the Origin of Languages, lxxvi, lxxxv, lxxxix, 3, 17-18, 103-7, 121, 137, 140, 144, 161, 168-72, 181-90, 192-204, 206-10, 213-77, 287-94, 303, 312-16, 337, 338, 343, 345- 46, 351; The Govern-ment of Poland, 352, 353; Julie, or the New Héloise, 305, 353; “Letter to Christophe de Beaumont,” 133-34; “Letter to M. d’Alembert,” 177-78, 181, 296, 304, 306-8, 342, 348, 353; “Letter to M. Le Noir,” 156; “Letter to M. de Saint-Germain,” 156; “Letter to the Prince of Wurtemberg,” 183; “Letter to Vernes,” 17; Letters on Botany, 115; The Levite of Ephraim, 194; Manuscrit de Paris, 156; “Political Economy,” 192; “Political Institutions,” 221; Pronunciation (frag-ment), 41-42, 295, 301-4, 341; Reveries of the Solitary Walker, 115, 148, 249-51, 262, 310, 312, 339, 348; A Savoyard Priest, 133; The Social Contract, 115, 220, 264-65, 274, 295, 301-2, 306-8, 353; The Solitaries, 309; The State of Nature, 148, 298, 352; The State of War, 17; Theatrical Imitation, 194; Treatises on Music, 171 Rousset, Jean, 322 Russell, Bertrand, 58, 336 Ryan, Michael, 319, 322 Samas, 3
Saussure, Ferdinand de, xi-xii, xvi-xvii, fill, lv-lvi, 11, 13, 29-73, 76, 86, no, 314, 324, 325- 26, 327, 328; Anagrams, 38, 245, 329; Course in General Linguistics, lviii, 30-47, 51-55, 58, 66, 68, 72, 117, 321, 329 Schlegel, Friedrich von, 81 Schubert, Gotthilf Heinrich von, 16 Seth, 328 Shannon, C. E., 69 Shou, 329 Siertsema, Bertha, 328 Simon, John K., 322 Socrates, lxxi-lxxii, 6, 26, 39 Sollers, Philippe, lxxvi Solymes, 349 Spang-Hanssen, Hennings, 328 Spinoza, Baruch, 71 Stalin, Joseph, 324 Stamback, Mira, 334 Starobinski, Jean, 172, 181-82, 184, 187, 192, 322, 329, 341, 347; Les mots sous les mots, 325-26; L’oeil vivante, 141; La transparence et l’obstacle, 142, 338, 348, 353 Stelling-Michaud, Sven, 338 Stender-Petersen, Adolf, 328 Strabo, 214 Streckeisen-Moultou, M. G., 325, 341 Tarquin, 237, 347 Tefnout, 329 Themistocles, 342 Thomas d’Erfurt, 48 Thoth, 313, 328-29, 339 ((360))
Thrasybulus, 237, 347 Todorov, Tzvetan, 321 Troubetzkoy, N. S., 1v, lvi, 29, 326 Uldall, H. J., 59, 327, 328 Vachek, joseph, 328 Vandier, Jacques, 329 Varro, 170 Vaughan, Charles Edwyn, 172 V.-David, Madeleine, 75, 76, 8º, 323, 330, 332, 335 Vico, Giambattista, 215, 272, 277, 298, 335, 349-50, 351, 352-53 Vigenère, Blaise de, 76 Vitruvius, 351 Voltaire, 342, 348 Wahl, François, 321 Warburton, Bishop William, 75, 8o-81, 83, 254, 272-74, 281-87, 332, 347-48, 350, 351, 352 Waring, William, 172 Weaver, Warren, 69 Wiener, Norbert, 324 Wilden, Anthony, 320 Wilkins, John, 76, 79, 330, 331 Wollaston, William, 182 Zeno, lxxiii, 237, 347 Zwirner, Eberhard (father), 58 Zwirner, Eberhard (son), 58 Document Outline
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