Developed by gnu project, Linus Torvalds, …

Developed by GNU Project, Linus Torvalds, …

• Developed by GNU Project, Linus Torvalds, …

• 71% of code written in C, but many other languages were also used

• Programmable in most languages

• Similar to Unix

• Free software

• Graphical and command-line interface

Development began in 1991

• Development began in 1991

• Developed by Finnish student, Linus Torvalds

• Early on, source code was available for free on the Internet

• Resulted in a collaboration of many users all over the world

• The kernel itself is 2.4 million lines of code

Born December 28, 1969

• Born December 28, 1969

• Recognized in Time magazine as one of the most influential people in the world

• Finnish software engineer and hacker

• Freex

• Initiated development and became chief architect of Linux kernel

• Holds authority over what new code is used

• As of 2006, has written 2% of Linux kernel

May 14, 1991

• May 14, 1991

• The first Linux kernel, Version 0.01, was released

• March 14, 1994

• Next version, Linux 1.0, was released

• March 1995

• Linux 1.2 was released

June 1996

• June 1996

• Linux 2.0 was released

• January 1999

• Linux 2.2 was released

• January 2001

• Linux 2.4 was released

• December 2003

• Linux 2.6 was released

Kernel

• Kernel

• System libraries

• System utilities

Torvalds has said that had the GNU kernel or 386BSD been available in 1991, he never would have created Linux.

• Torvalds has said that had the GNU kernel or 386BSD been available in 1991, he never would have created Linux.

• MINIX was a free Unix-like OS designed for computer science education

• Torvalds began to work on his own operating system due to being frustrated with MINIX’s educational-purposes-only licensing

• Torvalds licensed Linux under GNU GPL to make it free for commercial use.

• The GNU components made it a fully functional OS

Linux distributions include Linux kernel as well as supporting utilities and libraries

• Linux distributions include Linux kernel as well as supporting utilities and libraries

• Linux distributions are used everywhere from embedded systems to supercomputers

• Relies on donations to keep the distributions coming

• Use in home and enterprise desktops has been growing

• Now includes non-GNU components

China uses Linux exclusively for its Loongson processor family

• China uses Linux exclusively for its Loongson processor family

• Brazil, Russia, the Indian state Kerala, and Spain have all created their own distributions

• Torvalds still directs development of the kernel

• http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/Linux-Distribution-Releases-to-Watch-in-2011-383910/

As of today, Linux supports many programming languages

• As of today, Linux supports many programming languages

• Provides compilers for Ada, C, C++, Java, Fortran, …

• Current distributions can compete with Microsoft and Mac, however they can be hard to use for people who are unfamiliar with computers

• One of the new distributions (Debian GNU/Linux 4.0) has about 283 million lines of code

• There are over 300 distributions that are actively developed, and about a dozen are most popular for general-purpose use

Leading server operating system

• Leading server operating system

• Runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world

• One of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration

• Distribution driven by developer as well as user communities

Since February 2010, Linux distributions represent six of the top ten most reliable internet hosting companies.

• Since February 2010, Linux distributions represent six of the top ten most reliable internet hosting companies.

• Since November 2010, Linux operating system distributions are run on 459 of the top 500 supercomputers.

• Including the world’s most powerful, IBM’s Sequoia

Linux

• Linux

Vista drove a lot of people to Linux, if they didn’t stick with XP

• Vista drove a lot of people to Linux, if they didn’t stick with XP

• Windows gained popularity by being cheaper than Mac. Linux is cheaper than Windows…

• Linux requires passwords, whereas you can get away without passwords in Windows

• No .exe files, no Internet Explorer, no Registry, not as common

Operating Systems Concepts Essentials

• Operating Systems Concepts Essentials

• Chapter 15

• Wikipedia

• Linux
• Linux Kernel
• Linus Torvalds

• PC Magazine

• Linux vs. Windows