Discovery of the first Quaternary maar in the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe, based on combined geophysical and geological surveys
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record including a succession of at least three warm climatic intervals in super-position ( Fig. 9 ) is unique for the area and provides a great potential for (i) solving pending problems of the stratigraphy of the Saalian complex, and, (ii) disentangling Saalian climatic variability in this part of Europe with high-resolution multiproxy approaches. Although the cell count data have to be treated with some caution, because no contamination control was employed during drilling, the general decrease of cell abundance with depth as well as variations, which follow small-scale lithological changes ( Figs. 6, 13 ) can be seen as good indicators for the existence of an active microbial community in these sediments. Future drilling operations with appropriate contamination control and sampling strategies would allow for a more detailed investigation of this subsurface ecosystem. Below the lake sediments, at 84 –85.5 m depth, a country rock breccia (mainly phyllite with quartz) was recovered, with some lapilli and volcanic bombs of identical petrological composition as the bombs from the Mýtina exploratory trench. Hence, the Mýtina trench tuff –tephra deposits as far as 1500 m from the Železná hůrka volcano most probably originated from the Mýtina maar eruption ( Fig. 10 –12
). Indications for a presently active magma intrusion from lithospheric mantle into the crust beneath the eastern part of the Cheb Basin (marked by yellow ellipse in Fig. 1 ) have been published by Bräuer et al. (2005, 2008a, b) . Their findings are result of repeated annual samplings of free gas phase in mineral water springs and mofettes. Between 1993 and 2005 an increase of mantle-derived helium has been observed ( Bräuer et al., 2008a, b ). The 3 He/ 4 He ratios are clearly higher than in the Eifel area and the Massif Central ( Fig. 1
, inset map), the two classical European regions for Quaternary maar eruptions. The area of hidden magmatic and earthquake swarm activity (with a magnitude of possibly up to 5) at the NE and E part of the Cheb Basin is located only ca. 20 –30 km north of the Mýtina maar. Because of the indications to presently active magmatic process, a potential future hazard (phreatomagmatic eruption) for that area cannot be excluded ( Fig. 1 ,
findings are unique for Central and Western Europe (
Lorenz, 2007 ) and shed new light on the reconstruction of palaeovolcanic evolution of the Mýtina maar. This comprehensive pilot study argues for detailed future operations considering palaeovolcanic evolution, palaeoclimate, deep biosphere, and hazard potential. Acknowledgements This research is supported by the German Science Foundation (KA 902/11, KR 1906/10) and GFZ, and partly by the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IAA300460602). Gratitude is to R. Naumann and P. Dulski (both at the GFZ) for their analytical support (XRF, ICP-MS). We thank Ina Neugebauer, Lucas Kämpf (both TU Dresden), Maria Wahle (EMA University of Greifswald) and Nicole Weiske (FU Berlin) for assisting of sampling, core description and technical work, as well as Václav Polák (IG ASCR Prague) and Marek Sp ěšný (Charles University, Prague) for participation in geophysical and geodetic surveys. We appreciate detailed comments of M.Pirrung and one anonymous reviewer that helped us in improving the manuscript. We also appreciate the handling editor Joan Marti for the decision in favour of the complex character of the publication. References Babu
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