Dissemination of hatred and racial prejudice against persons of armenian origin

DISSEMINATION OF HATRED AND RACIAL PREJUDICE AGAINST PERSONS OF ARMENIAN ORIGIN

ALTERNATIVE THEMATIC REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION BY AZERBAIJAN

SUBMITTED BY ARMENIAN ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION (AAA) NGO IN COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC COUNCIL FOR FOREIGN SECURITY POLICY (FSPC) NGO IN APRIL, 2016

Contents

Introduction 3

General information 4

Masis MAYILIAN, Reflections on Return and Its Alternatives in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic – Azerbaijani Conflict, The Analyticon, June 2011, Stepanakert, http://theanalyticon.com/?p=87&lang=en 5

The main issue of concern: Dissemination of Hatred and Racial Prejudice against persons of Armenian origin 7

The main directions of hate dissemination and racial prejudice against persons of Armenian origin 8

Government sponsored hate dissemination 8

Hate dissemination through media and internet 10

Restriction of Freedom of expression as a main factor of hate dissemination 12

Persecution of intellectuals 12

Glorification of people who killed Armenians in peacetime 13

Restriction of Freedom of movement 14

Entry ban based on ethnic origin 15

Vandalism against Armenian cultural monuments 16

Using of education for dissemination of racial hatred 17

Conclusions 19

Introduction

This thematic alternative report is to be submitted to the UN Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination with a title Dissemination of Hatred and Racial Prejudice against persons of Armenian origin. It has been developed by the Armenian Atlantic Association (AAA) NGO active in the Republic of Armenia in cooperation with Public Council for Foreign and Security Policy NGO based in the Nagorno Karabakh Republic.

The Armenian Atlantic Association (AAA) (website: http://euro-atlantic.am/ tel: [phone]; Fax [phone]) is a non-governmental organization established on October 30, 2001 that aims to foster Armenia’s links with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and promote better understanding within Armenia of NATO’s mission and activities in the changing international environment. The AAA engages in security and other related policy research and advocacy, providing analysis and research of Armenia’s subsequent policies by placing those within regional and global security scenes. Policy monitoring is another pivot of its activities. AAA regularly organizes national and international conferences, seminars, panel discussions, and public lectures. For years it has been an active contributor to NATO rallies in Armenia, thus reaching out to the Armenian public nationwide. Prioritizing transparency and accountability, AAA also organizes public discussions on relevant policy issues at both local and national levels.

Public Council for Foreign and Security Policy (FSPC) (website: http://FSPC-Artsakh.org/) is a Stepanakert-based non-governmental partnership and think-tank, dealing with the Nagorno Karabakh and other conflicts, Armenian-Turkish relations as well as Caucasus regional issues.

These two organizations work regularly with people who face discrimination and associated disadvantage. The contributions cite extensive research to demonstrate areas where the Azerbaijani government fails to meet its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

This report considers anti-Armenian manifestations in Azerbaijan and by Azerbaijani authorities as well as dissemination of hatred and racial prejudice against persons of Armenian origin, bringing light to the false and biased allegation of Azerbaijani authorities.

General information

The Government of Azerbaijan in its Report declares that it has ensured peaceful coexistence of multiple national minorities in the country, though concealing the fact of extermination of the Armenian population of Azerbaijan, which once formed a sizable community in the country, particularly in Baku, Kirovabad (Ganja) and Sumgait.

In para 2 of the Report incorrect information on historical background of Nagorno Karabakh conflict is presented, thereby attempting to mislead the international community.

Nagorno Karabakh was incorporated into the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic by an arbitrary rule of a Leading Party of the third state, i.e. Communist Party Bureau of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921¹, against the explicitly expressed will of the people of Nagorno Karabakh. According to 1989 census (last official results of the census carried out within the territory of USSR) Armenians made 76․9 percent of the population of Nagorno Karabakh).

On 20 February 1988, the extraordinary session of the Regional Council of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) applied to the Supreme Council of the USSR with a motion to withdraw the Oblast from Azerbaijani SSR and transfer it to Armenia. Being guided by international norms and the USSR laws that then was still in force, the population of the NK declared the establishment of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic (NKR) by plebiscite of 10 December 1991.

In response to peaceful and constitutional demand by the people of Nagorno Karabakh to exercise their right to self-determination, Azerbaijan unleashed massacres that turned into large-scale war against the population of Nagorno Karabakh.

So within this context is absolutely incomprehensible justification that Nagorno Karabakh conflict is an “obstacle to full and efficient implementation of the Convention” (see para 2 of the Report) since the full and effective realization of the Articles of Convention is the only way for building the further relations with others without any discrimination based on race, color, descent, or national and ethnic origin.

Since late 1980s Azerbaijani authorities launched the policy of intentional extermination of Armenian population, which at that time amounted to 390.000 to 500.000². This constituted a blatant violation of core international instruments, including the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.

Sumgait tragedy and its bloody repetitions in Azerbaijan in 1988-1991 led to the total disappearance of the Armenian minority of Azerbaijan and the military aggression against the people³ of Nagorno Karabakh in 1992-1994, in response to their peaceful demand for self-determination⁴.

Starting from 1992 the negotiations to resolve the NK conflict have been conducting within the frameworks of the OSCE Minsk Group that had a mandate given by the UN SC. However, Azerbaijan does not accept the proposals of the OSCE Minsk Group, which is the only internationally mandated format for negotiations on Nagorno Karabakh conflict resolution, undermining the negotiation process and undertaking provocations along the Line of Contact with Nagorno Karabakh Republic. Azerbaijan has never heeded to the appeals of the international community, including 4 resolution adopted by the UN SC pertaining to the Nagorno Karabakh, that call to stop military actions, to “restore economic, transport and energy links in the region”⁵ and conduct peaceful negotiations. Azerbaijan does not implement the calls urging “States in the region to refrain from any hostile acts and from any interference or intervention which would lead to the widening of the conflict and undermine peace and security in the region” (see para 2 of the Report).

Among numerous misleading facts contained in the combined 7^th to 9^th periodic report on the implementation of CERD, Azerbaijan also provides false information (Paragraph 15 of the report) on the number of Armenians still living in Azerbaijan. The Report says that according to the population census there are 120.306 Armenians living in the country. The truth is that no Armenians currently live in Azerbaijan, and the mentioned figure is the reduced number of Armenians living in Nagorno Karabakh Republic, which is independent state.

Another attempt to mislead the international community on the real number of Armenians residing in Azerbaijan is that the Azerbaijani authorities regularly cite 30.000 Armenians living in Azerbaijan, which is in contradiction with their own census data cited in the current report. This delusion was also noted by the Advisory Committee of the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in its Third opinion on Azerbaijan⁶ adopted in October, 2012, stating that only 306 persons indicated an ethnic Armenian origin in the 2009 census.

Although in its report and on different occasions Azerbaijan declares about more than one million refugees and internally displaced persons in the country, according to the information provided by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, there are 1357 refugees and 622.892 IDPs residing in Azerbaijan as of June, 2015⁷. Azerbaijani authorities have been criticized for limiting the freedom of movement for IDPs or access to social services for refugees⁸ etc. Failing to provide protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of those people in all areas, as recommended by the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (Section D, Paragraph 5 of the Concluding observations of the Committee (CERD/C/AZE/CO/6)), Azerbaijani authorities bring forward groundless justifications for their negligence.

The main issue of concern: Dissemination of Hatred and Racial Prejudice against persons of Armenian origin

The Committee’s observations regarding the implementation of the fifth and sixth periodic reports of Azerbaijan (CERD/C/AZE/CO/6) expressed concern about:

Para 15 – The Committee is concerned at allegations of persistent hostile attitudes on the part of the general public towards ethnic Armenians living in Azerbaijan. The Committee notes with concern that the information provided by the State party in this regard contrasts with information received from numerous national and international non-governmental sources (art.2)

The Committee recommends that the State party take steps to prevent and combat hostile attitudes towards ethnic Armenians living in its territory, including through information campaigns and education of general public. Furthermore, in light of its general recommendation No.19 (1995) on article 3 of the Covenant, the Committee encourages the State party to monitor all tendencies which may give rise to racial or ethnic de facto segregation and endeavor to combat the negative consequences of such tendencies.

In para. 17 While welcoming the extensive information provided by the State party on measures to ensure the teaching of and in minority languages, the Committee is concerned that in spite of approximately 30.000 ethnic Armenians living on the territory of Azerbaijan, no information was provided by the State party as to whether education and instruction are provided in the Armenian language in schools (art.5 e)).

The Committee recommends that the State party continue its efforts for the preservation and development of minority languages and encourages it to establish a public school network offering teaching of and in such languages, including the Armenian language. The State party is requested to provide information on the subject in its report.

We are extremely concerned not only by the fact that these recommendations were not implemented but rather by the today’s reality, notably raising tendencies of Armenophobia and intolerance, dissemination of hate and racial prejudice, against persons of Armenian origin. During reporting period Azerbaijani authorities did not undertake any measures to combat that phenomenon. Although in the submitted Report officials claim that all the mechanisms for combating dissemination of intolerance and hatred are available in Azerbaijan, no one was brought to justice, responsibility or even verbally condemned by Azerbaijani authorities for anti-Armenian hate speech and other kinds of demonstration of intolerance toward Armenians.

The main directions of hate dissemination and racial prejudice against persons of Armenian origin

During the reporting period the Azerbaijani authorities violated provisions of the Convention and unleashed a large-scale Anti-Armenian campaign deliberately disseminating hatred and intolerance in the Azerbaijani society. Anti-Armenian propaganda extends in following basic directions:

• 
  Insulting Armenians by commonplace insults and obscenities and making outrageous comparisons;
  
• 
  Dehumanizing and demonizing Armenians;
  
• 
  Describing Armenians and Armenian nation as a whole as terrorists and aggressors;
  
• 
  Distorting and forging history of Armenia and neighboring countries and nations;
  
• 
  Persecuting civil society activists, intellectuals and journalists who initiate acts of reconciliation or try to engage in dialogue with Armenian NGOs;
  
• 
  Glorifying people who kill Armenians in peacetime;
  

Government sponsored hate dissemination

The fact of Anti-Armenian hatred and hate speech in Azerbaijan was repeatedly recorded and raised by international monitoring bodies and NGOs. The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) in its report on Azerbaijan (adopted on 23 March 2011) noted that “the constant negative official and media discourse concerning the Republic of Armenia helps to sustain a negative climate of opinion regarding people of Armenian origin, who remain vulnerable to discrimination”⁹. In the same way Advisory committee on the Framework convention for the protection of national minorities in its Third opinion on Azerbaijan (adopted on 10 October 2012) mentioned “a very persistent public narrative surrounding the Nagorno Karabakh conflict that identifies variably ‘Armenia’ or ‘Armenians’ as “the enemy” and openly promulgates hate messages, in particular on the Internet”¹⁰.

International monitoring bodies noted also the anti-Armenian statements by Azerbaijani officials. Advisory committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities Stated: “The Committee is deeply concerned by the levels of official involvement in endorsing and disseminating such views, as they are often directed also against Azerbaijani citizens of ethnic Armenian origin as well as anybody else who may be seen as affiliated with Armenia”¹¹.

Unfortunately one of the unique characteristics of dissemination of Armenophobia by Azerbaijan is the highest level state sponsorship. High level officials, including president of the state, don’t avoid hate speech and making intolerant anti-Armenian assessments during their public speeches. The most illustrative example of the abovementioned is the following speech by president Ilham Aliyev made in 2012:

"Our political weight and economic might keep growing. <…>However, there are forces which dislike us and wish us evil. They can be divided into several groups: in the first place, our main enemy is the global Armeniandom as well as hypocritical politicians who do their bidding enmeshed in corruption and bribery"¹².

The representatives of legislative and executive bodies also aren’t shy of periodically making intolerant statements: for instance, Ziyafat Asgarov, First Vice-Speaker of the Parliament once noted “It is hard to purge the 'Armenian' pest. The longer it remains without cure, the harsher its consequences are”¹³. Another such example is the statement by Colonel Eldar Sabiroglu, head of the press-service of the Ministry of Defense: 

“They shamelessly accuse us of provocations. What is their purpose? It is clear that in this way the perfidious enemy is trying to plant a false idea in the minds of the Azerbaijani people. Lying is in their blood”¹⁴․

It is of the greatest concern that even high-level spiritual leaders of Azerbaijan encourage expansion of racial intolerance instead of condemning Armenophobic policies of the government and bringing forward peaceful initiatives. The most striking examples of the above-mentioned are public speeches of Allahshukur Pashazadeh, the Caucasus spiritual leader of Muslims:

''We do everything possible to settle this conflict in a peaceful way. <…>However, we don't see the results of these meetings because the lie and treachery sit in the blood of Armenians. They sat at our tables, they ate our bread, but when they went out, they spoke against us” ¹⁵

Hate dissemination through media and internet

The Azerbaijani press and media play a crucial role in the process of disseminating anti-Armenian hatred. If open any Azerbaijani website, one can find articles full of racism and Armenophobia.

Within the reporting period Azerbaijan was enlisted by Amnesty International¹⁶ and Freedom House¹⁷as a country with non-free and government controlled media. Therefore Azerbaijani press and internet media are a tool for the government to disseminate anti-Armenian hate speech and to hinder the reconciliation of the two nations. In the Azerbaijani society the main thesis of racial intolerance and obscenities are spread through the media. The following are extracts from Azerbaijani media that include hate speech, intolerance and insults toward Armenian:

“But since we brought up the subject of culture, we won’t waste the time of our readers by describing the filth, unscrupulousness, greed, cowardice, baseness, treachery, cruelty, envy, cynicism and all the abomination that fills the inner world of Armenians”¹⁸

“The Armenian dom is like a variety of flu. There is the swine flu, and there is the Armenian flue. Indeed, why there should be no 'true Armenian flu', if there is the Armenian vacuum cleaner, Armenian corn or Armenian coat? All would have been fine, if this contagion had not turned into an epidemic which must be fiercely fought off. We started by comparing Armenians with a contagion for a reason. I have repeatedly written that killing this virus is possible only by understanding its nature, becoming immune to it and destroying it without mercy¹⁹"

“It is known that the jackal is a quite timid animal, which, though, stands out as a sly and cheeky beast feeding on scraps, stealing occasionally poultry and scavenging the fields. Jackal is a typical rubbish animal, the carrier of infection and parasite and in the Orient, it is associated with petty flattery, sycophancy and bootlicking. It is also the embodiment of cowardice and meanness. In these countries, the word 'jackal' or the 'son of jackal' are gross insults. Doesn't the description of this animal look familiar? You are right; this is a one-to-one description that matches the lifestyle and behavior of Armenians. Just like Armenians, the jackals are cowardly, base, cheeky and crafty. It unwittingly occurs to one who observes their behavior that in late 19th century that the image of Kipling's Tabaqui was fashioned to mimic Armenians who had settled down in the Southern Caucasus only recently”²⁰.

One of the specific ways to disseminate hatred is insulting Armenian women:

«Depraved and ill-mannered women can be found in any nation. However, the depravity of the Armenian women, representatives of the oldest profession, is known worldwide. In fact, I'm not the only one who says so. For instance, Vasili Velichko, a famous Russian historian, wrote: "Armenian women have always been in relationships with other nations, even if it was sometimes by force and coercion..." [...] The Armenian Constitution does not proscribe prostitution. Actually, the women of this nation are prostitutes, while the men are just "good-looking”²¹

Restriction of Freedom of expression as a main factor of hate dissemination

We are confident that one of the main conducive factors of dissemination of hatred is the strict limitation of freedom of speech in Azerbaijan, as well as pressure, harassments and persecutions towards independent journalists, civil society activists and intellectuals. Authorities especially target activists and journalists who support reconciliation with Armenians and try to engage in dialogue with Armenian NGOs. Such persecutions were unleashed towards famous civil society activists Rauf Mirgadirov, Hadija Imsayilova, LeylaYunus and Arif Yunus. In the case of Arif Yunus, one of the reasons of his persecution was the Armenian origin of his mother.

In Fatullayev v. Azerbaijan - 40984/07 ECtHR established violation of freedom of expression by the Azerbaijani authorities. The applicant, newspaper editor, in this case was criminal convicted for articles calling into question official version of events and government policy in Nagorno Kharabakh. Particularly he discussed the events that had taken place at the town of Khojaly in 1992 during the war in Nagorno Karabakh. He made statements that could be construed as differing from the commonly accepted version according to which hundreds of Azerbaijani civilians had been killed by Armenian armed forces with the reported assistance of the Russian army.  For denying the official version, the applicant was convicted for two counts of defamation and sentenced to two and a half years’ imprisonment.

Persecution of intellectuals

During the reporting period the most demonstrative example of intolerance towards Armenians and restrictions of the freedom of expression was the situation around the well-known Azerbaijani writer Akram Aylisli. In 2012 Aylisli published his novel “Stone dreams”, where he had depicted pogroms of Armenians by Azerbaijanis in Sumgait and Baku and described Armenians generally in the positive light, which substantially contradicted the official propaganda carried out by the Azerbaijani authorities. Afterwards the authorities started aggressive campaign of suppression against the writer. By the Decree of the president of Azerbaijan, Aylisli was stripped of the title “People’s writer” and the presidential pension. His books were publicly burnt. High-level officials, public and cultural figures strongly criticized and insulted Aylisli accusing him of being Armenian.

Vice-speaker of the Milli Majlis Bahar Muradova notes: “Akram Aylisli is a coward who has played over long years an actor’s role in Azerbaijan. He claims to write the “truth” in the interests of the Azerbaijani people. You are the one who needs this “truth” to mask your real face and nature, to consider yourself above the people among whom you live”²². Allahshükür Pashazadeh, the head of the Caucasian Muslims Office also condemned the writer: “This novel is a heresy, and its author is a godless person”²³. The campaign of intimidation toward Aylisli was condemned by many human rights NGOs. In particular Human Rights Watch demanded to stop persecutions emphasizing that “the government of Azerbaijan is making a mockery of its international obligations on freedom of expression”²⁴. Azerbaijani society went as far as calling on its own people to catch Akram Aylisli and cut off the writer’s ears.

Glorification of people who killed Armenians in peacetime

The most appalling evidence of manifestation of extreme racism was pardoning, release and public glorification of Ramil Safarov in 2012, an Azerbaijani officer who brutally murdered a sleeping Armenian officer with an axe during a NATO seminar in Budapest, Hungary in 2004. Shortly after he had been transferred from Hungary to Azerbaijan in order to continue life imprisonment imposed by a Budapest court, he was pardoned, receiving hero’s welcome. The murder was clearly ethnically motivated and Safarov himself had expressed no remorse defending his action on the ground that the victim was Armenian. After extradition from Hungary to Azerbaijan, instead of serving out the rest of his sentence, Safarov was greeted as a hero, pardoned by the president, glorified by the leaders and politicians of that country, granted a new apartment, eight years of back pay and got a promotion from lieutenant to the rank of major. The reaction to this racist murder in Azerbaijan was even more shocking.

Elmira Suleymanova, the Ombudsman of Azerbaijan, stated, “Ramil Safarov must become an example of patriotism for the Azerbaijani youth”²⁵.

Agshin Mehdiyev, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the Council of Europe stated that he “does not advise Armenians to sleep safely until the Karabakh conflict is settled. Incidents like in Budapest cannot be ruled out”²⁶.

Azerbaijani businessman Nadir Aliyev established a special fund for Safarov.

Siyavush Novruzov, member of the ruling “Yeni Azerbaijan” party stated, “If the conflict is not solved in the near future, then the incidents similar to the one happened in Budapest may happen everywhere where there are Armenians and Azerbaijanis, including the Council of Europe”²⁷.

The young members of the Azerbaijani terrorist “Organization for Liberation of Karabakh” marched in the downtown Baku holding banners with the words “Well done Ramil”.

Over 50 Azerbaijani government-sponsored NGO’s organized a “Committee for the Defense of Ramil Safarov”. One of its members even suggested naming new-born babies after him.

Safarov’s pardoning and further glorification was strongly condemned by various countries and international institutions and bodies, including Russia, US, France, UN Secretary General and High Commissioner for Human Rights, the European Commission(which adopted a relevant resolution), ECRI, the OSCE Minsk Group etc. Disregarding the calls to redress the situation and adhere to international standards and principles of the rule of law, the Government of Azerbaijan pursued its usual policy of irresponsibility and impunity.

Restriction of Freedom of movement

For many years Azerbaijan has restricted the right to freedom of movement, in particular, possibility to visit Nagorno Karabakh for people from all over the world (it continues to lay down precondition to enter this territory through Azerbaijan well knowing that border between Azerbaijan and Nagorno Karabakh is closed, inter alia because Azerbaijan has mined the territory). This is an intentional step which not only violates the Article 5 of the Convention but also article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, guaranteeing that everyone has “the right to liberty of movement”.

During 2009-2013 there have been a number of cases when people including famous actors, politicians, and journalists were banned to enter Azerbaijan after having visited the Nagorno Karabakh Republic. The Azerbaijani Government officially “blacklists” people that have visited Nagorno Karabakh (Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry has published a list of Personae non Gratae, based on the fact of their visit to the Nagorno KarabakhRepublic).

The list of “blacklisted” persons include Spanish operatic soprano Montserrat Caballé, Spanish tenor Plácido Domingo, Russian journalist Sergey Buntman (“Ekho Moskvy” Radio), astronauts Charles Duke (USA) and Claude Nicollier (Switzerland), Will England (“Washington Post” reporter), Margarita Akhlediani (Georgian journalist), Timur Temirov (Daghestani singer), Senators and MPs from dozens of countries of the world and many others²⁸.

Entry ban based on ethnic origin

For many years Azerbaijan has banned the entry for ethnic Armenians who are not Armenian residents or nationals, thus creating obstacles for participation of Armenians in international events, including conferences, seminars and sports competitions.

Below are some examples:

In 2010, the Armenian delegation was unable to board a plane from Moscow to Baku to attend the 64^th General Assembly of the European Broadcasting Union due to the wrongful acts of the Azerbaijan’s representative office of Aeroflot Air Company (http://panorama.am/ru/society/2010/07/01/baqudelegation/(rus) )

Two football players from the Russian football club “Torpedo Armavir” were deported from Azerbaijan immediately upon their arrival at the airport of the city Ganja in July 2011 on the account of their Armenian origin.

(Aze.az.25.07.2011. http://aze.az/news_trener_kyapyaz_okonfuzilsya_62899.html(rus) )

The Azerbaijani authorities refused to allow Armenian football players to travel to Baku for the qualifying matches between Armenia and Azerbaijan. As a result, the Union of European Football association (UEFA) has ruled that the qualifying matches between Armenia and Azerbaijan for the Euro 2008 championship will not take place, and the respective teams lost much needed points.

(http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-uefa-euro-idUKL2321872720070623 ).

Vandalism against Armenian cultural monuments

The destruction of the Armenian monuments of Azerbaijan has been ongoing on state level, the armed forces of the country being directly involved in these barbaric acts. The culmination of Azerbaijani vandalism was the destruction of the 15^th to 17^thcentury cross-stones in Jugha Cemetery in Nakhijevanthat had started in 1998 and was totally annihilated in 2005. In this unprecedented act, army units and heavy bulldozers were utilized. This unique medieval Christian monuments’ site has been turned into a military shooting-ground.

Below are just a few examples of a large number of Armenian cultural monuments annihilated by Azerbaijani authorities.

• 
  Surb Karapet (Holy Precursor) monastery, Abrakunis village, Autonomous Republic of Nakhijevan.
  
• 
  Sourb Astvatzatzin (Holy Virgin) Church, Aliapat village, Autonomous Republic of Nakhijevan (total demolition).
  

• 
  The 17^th century St. John Church (or St. Holy Mother -“Surb Astvatstsin”) in the village of Azat (Suluk), Khanlar region of Nothern Karabakh, was blown-up using dynamite.
  
• 
  The Church of the Holy Savior of the 17^th century in the village of Kamo, Khanlar region of Northern Karabakh.
  
• 
  Armenian Church of St. John (Hovhannes) in the city of Ganja and many others (more detailed information can be found in Samvel Karapetyan’s, 2011 Research on Armenian Architecture (RAA) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia).
  

The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) at its 16th General Assembly, adopted Resolution No.5, which refers to the destruction of the historic cemetery of Jugha in the Autonomous Republic of Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan²⁹.

Using of education for dissemination of racial hatred

As a representatives of civil society we see the real threat for physical security of the Nagorno Karabakh people therefore we are extremely concerned by the fact that Azerbaijan has been constantly refusing any confidence building programs and instead of preparation of its society for peace, use every possible means, including educational programs for young generation – teaching materials, textbooks, literature for the formation of the image of Armenians as enemy and aggressor and restitution of right of Azerbaijan towards territories.

Anti-Armenian racial propaganda has a place even in children’s books. In one of these books Armenians are described as “a futureless nation with а dead morality, with a mixture of rubbish and waste flowing in their veins, a spiteful and despicable nation [...]. This restless nation, with the satanic blood running in their veins, has committed against us countless acts of terror”³⁰.

After analysis of two textbooks designed for 10^th (Valiyev 2000) and 11^th (Mammadov, Gandilov, 2000) grades of Azerbaijani high schools (both textbooks were approved by the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan in 2000), we “realized” that Armenia and Armenians are described in these two books in every possible negative aspect, thus shaping the attitudes of the young generation towards Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Armenians in general.

Armenians are described in total in nine chapters of two textbooks. Expressions that describe Armenians are “Armenian terrorist”, “Armenian fascist”, “Armenian bandit”, “Armenian separatist”, “Armenian barbarism”, “Armenian enemy”, “nasty Armenian” and “fascist Armenian” are widely used in those textbooks.

History classes are compulsory in all schools of Azerbaijan and there are no alternative texts allowed in history classes. According to the criteria for evaluation of textbooks accepted by the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan, textbook materials must be sensitive to issues of gender, race, ethnicity and religion. The policy also bans including discriminatory information on ethnicity, religion, race, gender, and politics.

However, none of these refers to Armenians. Armenians are mostly discussed in history textbooks designed for 10^th and 11^th grades. Headlines of three of texts include the word Armenian. All texts are in negative tone towards Armenians. Armenians were named “enemies” ten times, “bandits” eleven times, “nasty” twice, “criminals” five times, “separatists” three times, “terrorists” twice, “fascists” once. In general, thirty three discriminative and derogatory words are used describing Armenians in both 10^th and 11^th grade history textbooks.

Much of the course is devoted to describing Armenia and Armenians as main enemies of Azerbaijanis.

School textbooks play an important role in shaping the beliefs of young generation. Their examination shows that education system of Azerbaijan prepares youth for hatred, rather than for tolerance. History education reflects societal beliefs, not facts. Achievement of peaceful resolution to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict might seem to be not realistic with the historical stereotyping shaped by history textbooks. Anti-Armenian propaganda and hate dissemination carried out by history teaching is a serious obstacle to the peace process.

Conclusions

In its State Report (see para.37) we find clear justification of policy of intimidation, racial hatred and war rhetoric against Nagorno Karabakh. Violation of basic human rights, first of all right to life, prevention of torture, condemnation and elimination of racial discrimination cannot be justified under any circumstances. The principle of realization of these rights set forth in international human rights documents such as the UN Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political rights, and International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

Protection of human rights is essential to the sustainable achievement of peace, development and democracy. On the contrary, intensification of war propaganda and dissemination of racial prejudices towards any nation and in particular people of Nagorno Karabakh accumulates hatred and makes restoration of peace more difficult.

P.S. While writing this report, Azerbaijani armed forces unleashed a new large-scale offensive along the entire Line of Contact with the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and the border with Armenia on April 2, 2016, targeting also civilians and civilian infrastructures and settlements, causing lots of casualties. Among them children and the elderly, that became intentional and indiscriminate targets. Among the first civilian victims were a 12- year-old boy who was killed in front of the school building as a result of a Grad missile attack and two other schoolchildren were wounded.

References:

Shahla Sultanova- Armenian image in history textbooks of Azerbaijan (April1, 2012)

Mammadov Ishag, Gafarov Tahir, Mammadov Khagani, Taghiyeva Shovkat, Valiyev Murad, Mammadova Shargiyya, Huseynov Aghasi, Gojayev Akbar - History of Azerbaijan. 11^th grade, Approved by the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic in 2000.

Valiyev Tofig, Aliyev Rahim, Taghiyeva Shovkat, Gojayev Akbar, Alishova Hejer, Mammadova Kifayet - History of Azerbaijan.10th grades. Approved by the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic in 2000.

Armine Adibekyan, AnzhelaElibekova - Armenophobia in Azerbaijan, Yerevan, 2015

Samvel Karapetyan - 2011 Research on Armenian Architecture (RAA) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia

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1^ To be noted the USSR was formed only in 1922, this implies that in 1921 Communist Party Bureau of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic did not have authority to adopt decisions on behalf of other sovereign and independent states.

2^In February, 1988 a massive pogrom was carried out in Sumgait during which the Armenian population of the city was brutally slaughtered and expelled. The Sumgait massacre was followed by pogroms against Armenians in 1988 in Kirovabad (today's Ganja), from where all the Armenians were either massacred or expelled. The bloody campaign continued and soon embraced the entire territory of Azerbaijani SSR, reaching its high point in January of 1990 in Baku, where hundreds of Armenians were beaten, tortured or murdered, and their apartments raided, robbed or burned. This resulted in fleeing of almost all the Armenians from the city.

3Nagorno Karabakh was and is still inhabited mainly by Armenians; however there is sizeable presence of Russians, Jews, Greeks, Yezidis and other ethnic groups.

4^Masis MAYILIAN, Reflections on Return and Its Alternatives in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic – Azerbaijani Conflict, The Analyticon, June 2011, Stepanakert, http://theanalyticon.com/?p=87&lang=en

5^ Resolution 853 (1993) Adopted by the Security Council at its 3259th meeting, on 29 July 1993 

6http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_FCNMdocs/PDF_3rd_OP_Azerbaijan_en.pdf

7http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e48d1e6&submit=GO

8http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm#wrapper

9^CRI(2011)19, ECRI report on Azerbaijan (fourth monitoring cycle) Adopted on 23 March 2011 Published on 31 May 2011

10^ACFC/OP/III(2012)005, Advisory committee on the framework convention for the protection of national minorities Third Opinion on Azerbaijan adopted on 10 October 2012, Strasbourg, 3 September 2013.

11^ACFC/OP/III(2012)005, Advisory committee on the framework convention for the protection of national minorities Third Opinion on Azerbaijan adopted on 10 October 2012, Strasbourg, 3 September 2013.

12^ Заключительная речь Ильхама Алиева на конференции, посвященной итогам третьего года реализации «Государственной программы социально-экономического развития регионов Азербайджанской Республики в 2009-2013 годах». President.az. 28.02.2012[Электронный ресурс] http://ru.president.az/articles/4400

Concluding speech of Ilham Aliyev at the conference dedicated to the outcomes of the third year of implementation of the “State program of socio-economic development of regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2009-2013”, President.az. 28.02.2012

13^Зияфет Аскеров: «Армения входит в список бесперспективных государств». Apa. 16.04.2013. [Электронный ресурс] http://ru.apa.az/news/245450

Ziyafet Askerov “Armenia is included in the list of dead end countries” Apa. 16.04.2013

14^ Эльдар Сабироглу выразил отношение к заявлению Минобороны Армении. Apa. 11.04.2013. [Электронный ресурс] http://ru.apa.az/news/245115.

Eldar Sabiroglu expressed his attitude towards the statement of the Ministry of Defense of Armenia. Apa. 11.04.2013

15^Глава духовного управления мусульман Кавказа: «Ложь и предательство в крови у армян». Day.az. 22.08.2008 [Электронный ресурс] http://news.day.az/society/125166.html

Spiritual leader of the Muslims of the Caucasus: “Lie and betrayal is in blood of Armenians”. Day.az

22.08.2008

16^ Amnesty International Reports 2009-2013 https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/azerbaijan/ and https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/azerbaijan/report-azerbaijan/

17^Freedom in the world reports 2009-2013 - https://freedomhouse.org/country/azerbaijan and https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2016

18^ Орден «За отвагу» необходим для армян, которые приедут на «Евровидение» в Баку. Vesti.az. 31.05.2011 [Электронныйресурс] http://vesti.az/news/78758

Medal “for bravery” should be handled to Armenians who will come to Eurovision contest in Baku.

19^ В отличие от Азербайджана, Грузия должна успеть ввести карантин против армянской заразы. Vesti.az.1.08.2011. http://vesti.az/news/84919

Unlike Azerbaijan Georgia should declare quarantine against Armenian infection on time.

20^ Правительство» Карабаха выделило 46 000 долларов на борьбу с себе подобными. Vesti.az. 09.02.2012. [Электронный ресурс] http://vesti.az/news/106317

Karabakh Government allocated 46.000 USD to fight with those like them.

21^Çinarə Vüqar. Metronun "28 May" stansiyasının ətrafındakı masaj salonlarını erməni əsilli qadınlar işlədir.

Gundelik-Baki 18.10.2011 [Электронный ресурс] http://gundelik-baku.com/index.php?newsid=5892 Оригинал удален. Сохраненная копия: http://peeep.us/9778e43b (az)

22^ Роман Акрама Айлисли наносит большой моральный удар по азербайджанскому народу – Али Ахмедов. 1news.az. 01.02.2013 [Электронный ресурс] http://1news.az/politics/20130201124841041.html

Akram Aylisli’s novel is a moral damage to Azerbaijani people – Ali Ahmedov

23^ Шейх: Айлисли оскорбил Гейдара Алиева. Turan.13.02.2013 [Электронный ресурс] http://contact.az/docs/2013/Social/021300028297ru.htm

Sheikh Aylisli insulted Heydar Aliyev

24^Azerbaijan: Stop Harassing Writer. https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/12/azerbaijan-stop-harassing-writer

25^Source: “Zerkalo”, 28 February, 2004

26^Source: “Zerkalo”, 23 February, 2004

27^Source: “Zerkalo”, 27 February, 2004

28^http://www.mfa.gov.az/files/file/Updated_12.04.16..pdf

29^ http://www.international.icomos.org/quebec2008/

30^Алисахиб Эрогул «Хале» сборник рассказов. Учебное пособие для внеклассного чтения учащихся средних школ.. Баку. «Текнур», 2011 г. 608 с.. [Электронный ресурс] http://azerichild.info/HALE.pdf (az)

Alisahib Erogul collection of stories “Khale”. School-book for extracurricular reading for pupils of secondary schools, Baku, “Teknur”, 2011, 608 pages