5.3Target species selection: the procedure
The preparation of a TS list requires the following categories of information:
-
Pathway of spread (see questions 1-2 in 5.2 above and on Figure 2 below)
-
Ecology of the species in the given LME (see question 3 in 5.2 above and on Figure 2 below)
-
Impacts (see questions 4-11 in 5.2 above and on Figure 2 below).
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the flow procedure for selecting the list of TS that pose an unacceptable risk. Numbers denote the selection criteria (see point 5.3 above). Solid line corresponds to the progress in the procedure where the answer to a particular question is ‘YES’ while the dotted line corresponds to a ‘NO’ answer.
6Testing the system
The proposed system was tested at two levels: LME-level and the port-to-port level. The test case for the LME level was NIS/CS of the LME number 23 (the Baltic Sea). The port-to-port test was performed for both intra LME level (the Baltic Sea) as well as between two LME’s (Celtic seas and the Baltic Sea).
6.1Preliminary list of NIS/CS target species for the LME 23 (Baltic Sea)
The proposed framework was tested for its utility in selecting the list of species that pose a potentially unacceptable risk based on the recently updated Baltic Sea NIS/CS data on 64 established taxa (AquaNIS 2015) t this constitutes a reservoir of species that might be transmitted by ships’ ballast water and ballast sediments for consideration when assessing different ports within the Baltic Sea. From the initial analysis of the 64 taxa a little more than half (36 taxa) should be included into the TS list. This is because these pose either a direct or potentially unacceptable risk. Five species were removed as these were unlikely to have a life history stage that could be entrained while ballasting (Step 2; Question: Is there a potential for an unacceptable risk for the species to become entrained in ballast tanks?). Twelve species were removed at Step 3 (Question: Is there a potential for unacceptable risk for the species to be spread further by ballast water [major sub-regions/countries] within the selected assessment area?), and eleven species that did not pose an unacceptable risk for the different impact stages were removed (Step 11). The results are displayed in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Preliminary Baltic Sea NIS/CS TS list for the internal-LME shipping activities. Taxa posing potentially unacceptable risk are shaded. For the numbers of each risk assessment criterion see section 5.3 above.
No
|
Species
|
Unacceptable risk (RA criteria no.)
|
Acceptable risk (RA criteria no.)
|
Reference for the decision
|
1
|
Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
2
|
Alitta succinea
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
3
|
Alkmaria romijni
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
4
|
Amphibalanus improvisus
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
5
|
Anguillicoloides crassus
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
6
|
Boccardiella ligerica
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
7
|
Bonnemaisonia hamifera
|
9a
|
|
TBD
|
8
|
Carassius gibelio
|
9a,b
|
|
Zaiko et al 2011; Lusk et al. 2004; Vetemaa et al. 2005
|
9
|
Cercopagis (Cercopagis) pengoi
|
6c; 8a,b
|
|
Ojaveer, Kotta 2015
|
10
|
Chaetoceros cf. lorenzianus
|
8b
|
|
TBD
|
11
|
Chaetogammarus warpachowskyi
|
9b
|
|
Zaiko et al 2011
|
12
|
Chara connivens
|
9a
|
|
Ojaveer, Kotta 2015
|
13
|
Chelicorophium curvispinum
|
8a; 9a
|
|
Ojaveer, Kotta 2015; Grabowski et al. 2007
|
14
|
Cordylophora caspia
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
15
|
Dasya baillouviana
|
8a; 9a
|
|
Zaiko et al 2011
|
16
|
Dikerogammarus haemobaphes
|
9b
|
|
Grabowski et al. 2007; Zaiko et al. 2011
|
17
|
Dikerogammarus villosus
|
8a; 9a
|
|
Grabowski et al. 2006, 2007; Van der Velde et al. 2000
|
18
|
Dreissena polymorpha
|
7a; 8a,b
|
|
Ojaveer, Kotta 2015; Zaiko et al. 2011
|
19
|
Elodea canadensis
|
|
3b
|
TBD
|
20
|
Ensis directus
|
9a; 11a
|
|
Gollasch et al. 2015
|
21
|
Evadne anonyx
|
9a
|
|
Zaiko et al. 2011
|
22
|
Ficopomatus enigmaticus
|
7a; 9a
|
|
Schwindt, Obenat 2005; Jenner et al., 1998
|
23
|
Fucus evanescens
|
9a
|
|
Zaiko et al 2011
|
24
|
Gammarus tigrinus
|
8a
|
|
Grabowski et al. 2007; Ojaveer, Kotta 2015
|
25
|
Gmelinoides fasciatus
|
8a
|
|
TBD
|
26
|
Gracilaria vermiculophylla
|
8a
|
|
TBD
|
27
|
Hemimysis anomala
|
9a
|
|
Dick et al., 2013; Ketelaaars et al., 1999; Zaiko et al. 2011
|
28
|
Karenia mikimotoi
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
29
|
Laonome sp.
|
8a,b
|
|
Kotta et al. 2015
|
30
|
Limnomysis benedeni
|
8a
|
|
Zaiko et al. 2011
|
31
|
Lithoglyphus naticoides
|
|
2
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
32
|
Marenzelleria spp.
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
33
|
Mnemiopsis leidyi
|
7a; 9a
|
|
Oguz et al. 2008
|
34
|
Mya arenaria
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
35
|
Mytilopsis leucophaeata
|
9a
|
|
Zaiko et al. 2011
|
36
|
Neogobius melanostomus
|
8a,b; 9a
|
|
Ustups et al. 2015; Ojaveer et al., 2015
|
37
|
Obesogammarus crassus
|
8a
|
|
Grabowski et al. 2006; Zaiko et al. 2011
|
38
|
Oncorhynchus mykiss
|
|
2
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
39
|
Orchestia cavimana
|
|
2
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
40
|
Palaemon elegans
|
9a,b
|
|
Katajisto et al. 2013; Zaiko et al. 2011
|
41
|
Paramysis (Mesomysis) intermedia
|
9a
|
|
TBD
|
42
|
Paramysis (Serrapalpisis) lacustris
|
8a
|
|
Zaiko et al. 2011
|
43
|
Paranais frici
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
44
|
Paratenuisentis ambiguus
|
7b; 9b
|
|
TBD
|
45
|
Penilia avirostris
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
46
|
Perccottus glenii
|
9a
|
|
Zaiko et al. 2011
|
47
|
Petricolaria pholadiformis
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
48
|
Platorchestia platensis
|
|
2
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
49
|
Pontogammarus robustoides
|
8a
|
|
Grabowski et al. 2007; Ojaveer, Kotta 2015
|
50
|
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
51
|
Potamothrix bedoti
|
|
11
|
Expert opinion
|
52
|
Potamothrix heuscheri
|
|
11
|
Expert opinion
|
53
|
Potamothrix vejdovskyi
|
|
11
|
Expert opinion
|
54
|
Prorocentrum minimum
|
|
3a
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
55
|
Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae
|
7a; 8a
|
|
Buchmann et al. 1987
|
56
|
Pseudodactylogyrus bini
|
7a; 9a
|
|
Buchmann et al. 1987
|
57
|
Rangia cuneata
|
9b
|
|
Janas et al. 2014
|
58
|
Rhithropanopeus harrisii
|
8a,b
|
|
Forsström et al. 2015, Nurkse et al. 2015, Aarnio et al. 2015
|
59
|
Sargassum muticum
|
|
3b
|
TBD
|
60
|
Telmatogeton japonicus
|
|
2
|
AquaNIS 2015
|
61
|
Teredo navalis
|
6a
|
|
TBD
|
62
|
Thalassiosira punctigera
|
|
3b
|
TBD
|
63
|
Tubificoides pseudogaster
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
64
|
Victorella pavida
|
|
11
|
Expert judgement
|
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