Freud proposed that there were 5 stages of development. Freud believed that few people successfully completed all 5 of the stages. Instead, he felt that most people tied up their libido at one of the stages, which prevented them from using that energy at a later stage. Freud proposed that there were 5 stages of development. Freud believed that few people successfully completed all 5 of the stages. Instead, he felt that most people tied up their libido at one of the stages, which prevented them from using that energy at a later stage.
Libido means sex drive
ORAL Stage This occurs from birth to about 1 year, and the libido is focused on the mouth. The individual may be frustrated by having to wait on another person, being dependent on another person. Being fixated at this stage may mean an excessive use of oral stimulation, such as cigarettes, drinking or eating. ORAL Stage This occurs from birth to about 1 year, and the libido is focused on the mouth. The individual may be frustrated by having to wait on another person, being dependent on another person. Being fixated at this stage may mean an excessive use of oral stimulation, such as cigarettes, drinking or eating.
•Fixation in this stage may result in issues with dependency and aggression •This fixation can lead to issues with eating, drinking, smoking, and even obsessive habits like nail-biting •Fixation in this stage may result in issues with dependency and aggression •This fixation can lead to issues with eating, drinking, smoking, and even obsessive habits like nail-biting •If the child is not able to successfully resolve his or her sexual urges in the oral stage, then the child will not be able to move on to the next stage of psychosexual development, the Anal Stage
•Personality wise, these individuals may become overly dependent on others, gullible and perpetual followers •Personality wise, these individuals may become overly dependent on others, gullible and perpetual followers •The other extreme is that they may also fight these urges and develop pessimism and aggression towards others
ANAL Stage This period occurs about age 2 and 3 yrs. Here individuals have their first encounter with rules and regulations, as they have to learn to be toilet trained. This encounter with rules and regulations will dictate the later behavior with rules and regulations. ANAL Stage This period occurs about age 2 and 3 yrs. Here individuals have their first encounter with rules and regulations, as they have to learn to be toilet trained. This encounter with rules and regulations will dictate the later behavior with rules and regulations.
ANAL STAGE (Continued) ANAL STAGE (Continued)The libido is focused anally, and frustration may arise from having to learn a somewhat complex cognitive and motor response. Being fixated at this stage can result in stinginess, stubbornness, or orderliness, as well as messiness. Essentially, behavior related to retention and expulsion may be related to experiences at this stage.
•If parents exhibit extremes during toilet training, then a child may grow up to be anally expulsive or anally retentive •If parents exhibit extremes during toilet training, then a child may grow up to be anally expulsive or anally retentive •“anally expulsive” - limited levels of self-control, defiance, hostility, are disorganized/ scatterbrained •“anally retentive” - rigid, obsessively organized, and overly subservient to authority
PHALLIC Stage This period starts about age 4-5 years. Some critical episodes for development occur during this stage, but these episodes occur differently for boys and girls. PHALLIC Stage This period starts about age 4-5 years. Some critical episodes for development occur during this stage, but these episodes occur differently for boys and girls.
PHALLIC Stage Continued Oedipus conflict - the boy begins to have sexual desires for his mother, and sees his father as a rival for her affections. The boy begins to fear that his father is suspicious of his longing for his mother, and that the father will punish him for his desires. That punishment, the boy fears, will be castratation, which brings us to the second critical episode for this stage.
PHALLIC Stage Continued PHALLIC Stage ContinuedCastration anxiety. The fear of castration make the boy anxious. This anxiety begun with the fear of punishment from the father leads to the boy thinking that the father hates him eventually becomes unbearable and the boy renounces his sexual feelings for his mother and chooses instead to identify with his father, and hopes to someday have a relationship with a woman (though not his mother) just like dear old dad has with his mother.
PHALLIC Stage Continued PHALLIC Stage ContinuedThe story for girls is slightly different. The oral and anal stages are the same for both girls and boys, so the focus of affection and attention is on the mother for both. But this focus changes, for girls, from the mother to the father, when the girls realize that they don't have penises, so they develop penis envy. This realization coupled with the knowledge that her mother doesn't have a penis leads to her thinking her mother unworthy, and becoming attracted to her father, as he does have a penis.
PHALLIC Stage Continued PHALLIC Stage ContinuedJust as with boys, girls begin to suspect the same sex parent knows about their attraction to the opposite sex parent, and they hate them for it. These feelings go round and round for awhile until the point when the girls renounce their feelings for their fathers and identify with their mothers.
• Unresolved incestuous complexes can lead to a difficult in dealing with authority figures and a tendency to have trouble with loving relationships • Unresolved incestuous complexes can lead to a difficult in dealing with authority figures and a tendency to have trouble with loving relationships • Boys and girls eventually decide to identify with the same sex parent due to the strong competition against the same sex parent
LATENCY Stage This period occurs after the Oedipus conflict has been resolved and the feelings that were aroused during that time have subsided. This lasts from about the age of 7 until puberty, and this is a period of rest where there are no developmental events LATENCY Stage This period occurs after the Oedipus conflict has been resolved and the feelings that were aroused during that time have subsided. This lasts from about the age of 7 until puberty, and this is a period of rest where there are no developmental events
Not necessarily a stage in psychosexual development; is more of transitioning period between the Phallic and Genital Stages Not necessarily a stage in psychosexual development; is more of transitioning period between the Phallic and Genital Stages • Sexual drive is dormant (sleeping) during this time
Children in this stage repress their sexual desires to focus on areas like academics and athletics, etc. Children in this stage repress their sexual desires to focus on areas like academics and athletics, etc. • Same-sex friendships develop during this time as well (not to be confused with homosexual relationships; children associate with those of the same-sex)
• The Latency Stage is vital to a person’s exploration of academic pursuits and subjects that are not sexually oriented; however, this perspective soon changes radically • The Latency Stage is vital to a person’s exploration of academic pursuits and subjects that are not sexually oriented; however, this perspective soon changes radically
GENITAL Stage Begins at puberty involves the development of the genitals, and libido begins to be used in its sexual role. However, those feelings for the opposite sex are a source of anxiety, because they are reminders of the feelings for the parents and the trauma that resulted from all that. GENITAL Stage Begins at puberty involves the development of the genitals, and libido begins to be used in its sexual role. However, those feelings for the opposite sex are a source of anxiety, because they are reminders of the feelings for the parents and the trauma that resulted from all that.
According to Freud, proper movements through each of the five psychosexual stages shouldn’t result in any consequences According to Freud, proper movements through each of the five psychosexual stages shouldn’t result in any consequences • However, conflicts in specific psychosexual stages can impact the life of an individual drastically
• Freud thought that these stages symbolized our desires and conflicts within our unconscious minds • Freud thought that these stages symbolized our desires and conflicts within our unconscious minds • However, not many psychologists still recognize his work (including these stages) as valid because of a lack of evidence or proper research
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