Electrical industry of burma/myanmar


GUNKUL ENGINEERING TO GENERATE WIND POWER IN SOUTHEAST MYANMAR



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GUNKUL ENGINEERING TO GENERATE WIND POWER IN SOUTHEAST MYANMAR

Juliet Shwe Gaung, Myanmar Times, 14/11/11 (Issue 601). http://mmtimes.com/2011/business/601/biz60106.htmlELSF062


The Department of Electric Power under the Ministry of Electric Power 2 and Thailand’s Gunkul Engineering Public Co signed a memorandum of understanding for the development of a 1000-megawatt (MW) wind power project on 02/11/11. The signing ceremony was attended by the deputy ministers of the Ministry of Electric Power No 1 and 2, Thai embassy officials, Thailand’s Provincial Electricity Authority officers and employees of Siam Commercial Bank.
The 1000MW project will be built near Mawlamyine in Mon State but will also include wind farms in Kayin State and Tanintharyi Region near Dawei and Bokpyin. The average wind speed where the farms will be situated in Kayin and Mon states is between 7 and 9 kilometres an hour (km/h), while those in Tanintharyi vary between 6 and 9km/h, said U Thiha Thura Mon, director of Zeya and Associates, which is partnering with Gunkul Engineering. “The MOU allows us to do a two-year feasibility study and we have started work this month,” he said. He added that several locations in Rakhine State and Ayeyarwady Region were also promising for wind power.
U Thiha Thura Mon said the first step of the feasibility study was the building of a tower to measure wind speeds, followed by the establishment of a measuring station to analyse the data. “When we set up a measuring station in places such as Tanintharyi Region, we have to build on top of the hills. Depending on the location, we sometimes set up a wind farm [a collection of wind turbines] and study their activity for the whole year. “In some instances we have to build roads too, so the cost depends on what infrastructure is in place,” he said.
Each of the five plants is expected to generate about 200MW of electricity and the company hopes to be producing at a commercial level by 2015. However, the full output of 1000MW is not expected to be online until 2018.
U Thiha Thura Mon said wind power is not cheap. “One 150-metre-high wind turbine cost about US$1 million to install,” he said. However, a similar project was trialled four years ago and failed, he said, adding that the company hoped to succeed by using more modern technology. The company’s feasibility study will also include an environmental impact assessment that would enable it to access development loans and financial advice from Siam Commercial Bank, he said.
Additional references
See below: ‘Thailand to assist Myanmar in study of wind generation of electricity’ (Xin: 12/03/09)

Wind energy boosts rural development’ (MT: 05/03/07)

‘Wind power system ideal for villages, says engineer’ (MT: 05/12/05)

See also the section on wind energy in ‘Electricity potential of energy sources available in Myanmar’.


Juliet Shwe Gaung, Myanmar Times, 27/02/12 (Issue 616). Edited. http://www.mmtimes.com/2012/business/616/biz61608.html

Gunkul Engineering has selected five locations in Myanmar’s southeast where it intends to install testing equipment to see if the areas are viable for wind farming, said U Tiha Thura Mon, director of Zeya and Associates, a business partner of Gunkul. He said the company will install wind monitoring masts and perform ground surveys in the five locations by the end of March 2012. The areas selected by the company include one location north of Kawthoung in Tanintharyi Region that covers 60 square miles; the second location is southeast of Dawei around Myintmoelatkat mountain and covers 170 square miles; the third site covers 60 square miles and is northeast of Dawei; the fourth site is near Kawkareik in Kayin State and also covers 60 square miles; and the fifth location is to the southeast of Hlaingbwe, Kayin State and covers 140 square miles. “We will choose what we think are the best spots for the wind masts and then survey the surrounding area to make sure the ground is solid and if we can readily access the area,” he said. He said the company would begin with the Dawei site because it was easiest to access. He added that it would take six months after the wind masts were installed for the company to determine whether the sites were commercially viable. “After six-month feasibility studies are done we will probably install a 10MW plant to generate power while we do other extension work,” U Tiha Thura Mon said.


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RURAL VILLAGES URGED TO FORM “SELF-RELIANT” POWER COMMITTEES

NLM, 26/10/11. Edited and abridged. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/NLM2011-10-26.pdf


At the session of the Pyithu Hluttaw on 25/10/11, U Soe Aung of Thegon Constituency in Bago Region West asked whether there was a plan to allow the village of Thegon to access electricity supplied by MEPE with suitable assistance from the State. EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe replied that the ministry was building power lines and stations in accordance with the funds allotted to it. With the recommendation of local authorities, the people were to firmly form a self-reliant electricity supply committee and to submit to EPM-2 an application for supply of electricity to villages near the town through the township electrical engineer’s office. The ministry responds to applications from self-reliant electricity supply committees that are in conformity with supply tasks and provides necessary technological assistance to them.
U Sai Kyaw Myint of Mongnai Constituency said he would like to know about plans to supply electricity to Nakhan village-tract in Mongnai township in Shan State South\. EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe replied that a 132-KV power line from the Kengtawng hydropower project passes near Nakhan Village . But power cannot be supplied directly to the village because a tranformer would be needed to reduce the current to 11 KVs and 0.4 KVs. Nakhan Village-tract has about 600 houses and it is seven miles from Mongnai. To supply electricity to the village-tract, it would be necessary to set up two 0.4 KV (315 KVA) transformers in the village and to install an 11 KV power line from the 66/11 KV, 5 MVA power station in Mongnai and string a two-mile long 400 volts power line in the village. As the ministry gives priority to supply of electricity to the needy areas, Nakhan Village-tract should form a self-reliant supply committee with the recommendation of the local authorities and submit an application to the ministry through Mongnai township electrical engineer’s office.
U Aye Han of Paukkhaung Constituency asked whether MEPE had plans to install a power line to Inngakhwa village in Paukkhaung township, in Bago Region West. EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe replied that to be able to supply electricity to 200 houses in Inngakhwa it would be necessary to build a 500-foot-long, 11-KV power line from the 33/11 KV, 5 MVA Paungtale power station in Paukkhaung and 3000-foot-long, 400 volts power lines and a 11/0.4 KV,100 KVA transformer in the village. With the recommendation of the local authorities, a self-reliant village power supply committee should be formed and an application submitted to the ministry through the township electrical engineers’ office.
U Win Sein of Kawa Constituency asked whether there was a plan to install a power line to Yitkangyi Village in Kawa Township and to Kamase in Thanatpin township in Bago Region West. EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe replied that to supply electricity to 1161 houses in Yitkangyi Village it would be necessary to install a 5.5 mile-long, 11-KV power line from the 11 KV power line in Khamebyin village in Kawa township and to build two transformers and install three miles of 400-volt power lines in Yitkangyi Village. This would cost about K 297.5 million. With regard to supplying electricity to Kamase, the minister said that at present, there was a 50-kilowatt generator supplying electricity to 1019 houses in the village for three hours a day. To supply power to the village by connecting to the grid, it would be necessary to install a six-mile-long 11-KV power line from the 33/11-KV, 3-MVA power station at Thanatpin, to put up a11/0.4 KV, 5 KV transformer and install two miles long 400 voltage power line. This would cost about K 262.5 million.
Rural people, the minister said, needed to understand the difficulties in supplying electricity to all the needy villages across the nation due to the budgetary constraints that affect the EPM-2. Arrangements to supply electricity to villages requesting it in the coming fiscal year would depend on the funds allotted to the ministry. If any of the villages referred to in the questions of the parliamentary representatives wished to get electricity as quickly as possible, they would need to form self-reliant village electricity supply committees, and with the recommendations of the local authorities, submit an application to the ministry. These would then be acted upon in conformity with the rules and regulations and through the provision of the necessary technologies.
U Khin Maung Nyo of Loikaw Constituency asked whether there was a plan to extend installation of power lines to the villages that could not be supplied electricity through Loikaw, Dimawhso, Pruhso, Bawlake and Pasawng townships of Kayah State. The Union minister replied that the national power grid system supplies electricity to 34 villages in Loikaw Township, seven villages in Dimawhso Township, three villages in Pruhso Township and one village in Bawlake Township. He said that Loilemlay Village of Loikaw Township had formed a power supply committee and built a 11/0.4 KV power station and installed an 8000-foot-long, 400- volt power line. Still to be completed was the installation of a 10-miles long, 11-KV power line. When this was completed\, Htisakha Village would also be able to get electricity through the 11-KV power line.
[Compiler’s note: For further details on connecting villages in Kayah State and Yangon Region to the grid, consult the original article using the URL noted above.]
Additional references
See below: ‘Village electrification committees’ (JICA: Sept 2003)
NLM, 14/02/12. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/NLM2012-02-14.pdf

A ceremony to donate a transformer for Khamonseik village in Letpadan township was held at Myitmakha Hall of No. 1 BEHS on 12/02/12. Union Civil Services Board member Win Myint and his wife Daw Tin Ma Ma Tun handed over the documents related to the transformer to the chairman of the village electricity committee. Well-wisher U Win Maung donated the generator to the headmaster of Nyaungwaing BEHS (branch). Daw San Nwe gave K 105,000 and U Kyaw Nyein and Daw Tin Tin Swe under the aegis of U San Myint-Daw Daung K 201,000, while Deputy Minister for Livestock and Fisheries U Aung Thein (Retd) donated K 201,000 for concrete lamp-posts.


NLM, 30/12/11. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/NLM2011-12-30.pdf

North Nanchun Village in Yedashe Township is raising money on its own to get connected to the the grid. A 100-KVA transformer was installed beside the highway from Yangon to Mandalay Highway, and lamp-posts were erected in the village starting from 2 November. The electricity supply committee has set up a K 30 [million?] fund for the task. On completion, electricity will be supplied to about 150 houses.


NLM, 01/11/11. Edited and condensed. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/NLM2011-11-01.pdf

At the session of the Pyithu Hluttaw on 31/10/11, U Aye Mauk of Mahlaing Constituency asked whether there was a plan to sell the usable parts of the engines and gear boxes of vehicles which were handed over [in the government’s exchange program]. These could be sold by auction instead of being sent to to a foundry and the engines and parts used in small-scale industries and to generate electricity in rural areas at a reasonable price. Deputy Rail Transportation Minister Thant Shin replied that there was no such plan to sell engines and gear boxes from the overaged vehicles through auction. Although overaged vehicles were to be handed over in running condition, the engines had to be repaired in order to be reused. Old engines could be an environmental hazard with their exhaust causing air pollution and their high consumption of fuel.

He said that permits would be issued for any overage vehicles that were handed over and that these permits could be used to get foreign exchange certificates that would permit the holders to import other vehicles or to

purchase second-hand cars at fair prices. The engines from these vehicles and related equipment with low fuel consumption could then be used in the supply of electricity in villages.


Phyu Nu, Eleven Media, Translation and editing by Win Htut, undated (probably second week of September 2011). Edited and abridged. http://eversion.news-eleven.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1478:myanmar-borders-purchasing-electricity-from-china-and-thailand&catid=43:biweekly-eleven-eversion&Itemid=110

Residents in some border areas of Myanmar are buying and using electricity from China and Thailand. Among the towns buying power from China are Lweje in Kachin state and Chinshwehaw, Mongkoe, Manhiroe, Hopang, Nantphatka, Khomone, Mongyulay, Kunlon, Laukkai, Muse, Namhkham and Kyukok in Shan State North. Towns buying power from Thailand are Tachilek in Shan State East and Myawady and Phayathonesu [Three Pagodas] in Kayin State. The power that is bought from neighboring countries has to be supplied to the border areas by 12 power supply committees, it was learnt.


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FOREIGN LOANS, HIGHER RATES NEEDED FOR POWER SECTOR PLANS

NLM, 26/10/11. Edited and revised. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/NLM2011-10-26.pdf


During the session of the Pyithu Hluttaw on 25/10/11, Dr Win Myint of Hline Constituency, asked about the funds allotted by the State for the implementation of electric power projects and the income of the electric power ministries.
EPM-2 Khin Maung Soe replied that the EPM-2 had invested funds from the State amounting to US$ 435.227 million and K 230 billion between FY 2005-06 and FY 2010-11 in developing the infrastructure needed for the transmission and distribution of electricity throughout the country.
He said that the EPM-1 had to make up for losses of an estimated K 8,870 million in FY 2010-11, amounting to approximately K 1.8 for every unit (= kilowatt hour) of electricity it produced. Besides paying for the elecricity purchased from the EPM-1 and the Shweli-1 hydropower plant, EPM-2 had to cover the wages paid to its employees and pay for the purchase of fuel and natural gas, machinery, the maintainenance of power lines, sub-power stations and other infrastructure, as well as taxes and other expenditures.
The cost of electricity purchased from the EPM-1 amounts to K 20 per unit and from the Shweli-1 Hydro-power Co, RMB 0.189 per unit. Production costs per unit for the electricty produced at natural gas-fired power stations is K 121.19. [On average], the costs of producing one unit of electricity for the EPM-2 amounts to K 72.
However, the ministry charges its customers a fixed amount of only K 25 per unit for household use and K 50 per unit for industrial use. Averaged out this amounts to K 37.6 per unit. So the rate charged for usage in Myanmar is really quite cheap [in comparison to the costs involved]. In fact, the government is losing an estimated K 261.324 billion in its sales of electricity to its customers.
In FY 2010-11, funds amounting to K 64.22 billion and US$ 201.883 were allotted to EPM-2 by the State. Normal expenditures would amount to K 217.662 billion and US$ 369.011. The income of the ministry during FY 2010-11 amounted to K 242.767 billion and US$ 20.023 million. Arrangements are being made to receive foreign aid as the funds allotted by the State are insufficient to meet the huge amount of money needed for the projects of the EPM-2. The State has applied for a foreign loan of US$ 59.64 million to assist with development costs in the electric sector. Plans are underway to invest a foreign loan of US$ 92.59 million in electric sector in order to supply more electricity coming fiscal years.
According to estimates, it costs approximately US$ 250 million to produce and distribute 100 megawatts of electricty. In order to be able to generate an additional 1000 MW over the next five years, it will be necessary to invest up to US$ 2,500 million.
A large amount of investment is needed to develop the electrical sector. Present income for both ministries of electric power is insufficient to cover the needed expansion, as they both operate at losses estimated at many billions of kyats annually. These ministries must have suitable incomes obtained from the sales of electricity to cover the investments they need to make. Existing rates are too low. Since it will be necessary to amend the rates charged, an application will be be submitted to the government to raise the rates. The people will have to contribute to the development of the electricity sector of the State by responding to the goodwill of the government for their regions.
Compiler’s note: Compendium users should consult the original of this article. Your guess is as good as mine as to what the Minister was saying at several points in his presentation. Obviously, he was trying to make the best case possible for an increase in rates. Translation from the original Burmese may account for some of the confusion.
Additional references
See above: ‘Power rates to double in bid to cut budget deficit’ (MT: 19/12/11)

See below: ‘Electricity rates raised, subsidies for civil servants dropped (AP: 15/05/06)


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INAUGURATION OF SHWEGYIN DAM AND HYDROPOWER PLANT

NLM, 23/10/11. Edited and abridged. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/NLM2011-10-23.pdf


A ceremony to inaugurate the dam and hydropower plant of Shwegyin hydropower project, carried out by Construction Group-4 of the Hydropower Implementation Dept of EPM-1, was held at the power plant near Kyauknaga Village, six miles north-east of Shwegyin on 22/10/11. Implementation of the project commenced in 2003, and included construction of the water diversion conduit and intake structure, the main embankment, main and supporting spillways, a saddle dyke, a steel penstock, the power station and switch yard.
As part of the official ceremonies, Bago Region Chief Minister Nyan Win unveiled the signboard marking the occasion, Chairman Tin Aye of the Union Election Commission unveiled the stone inscription of the power plant and EPM-1 Zaw Min formally unveiled the stone inscription at the dam.
The Shwegyin project dam is of zonal type; the main embankment is 1568 ft long, 135 ft wide and 2.5 ft thick; its water storage capacity of 1.685,000 acre feet. There are three concrete conduit pipes constructed at the dam, each 1765 ft long, 16 ft wide, and 20 ft in height. The intake structure is 121 ft long, 127 ft wide and 137 ft high and the spillway is 2542 ft long, 135 ft wide and 58 ft high. Two compressed steel pipe lines at the dam are each 25 ft in diameter and 1100 ft long. The power plant is 295 ft long, 94 ft wide and 70 ft high. The switch-yard has been completed. A total of 57 bole piles were driven to construct the intake infrastructure.
The plant is equipped with four 18.75-MW Francis-Vertical Shaft turbines and it can generate 262 million KW hours per year. The first generator has been in operation since December 2009, the second since March 2011, the third since June 2011, and the fourth since July 2011.
With the opening of the Shwegyin facility, there are now 17 hydropower plants, the Tikyit coal-fired power plant and 15 natural gas-powered plants with a total generating capacity of 3360 megawatts providing power to the national grid. In addition, a total of 65 electricity projects, 13 by EPM-1, eight by private entrepreneurs, and 44 under joint-venture/BOT arrangement are at various stages of implementation or feasibility study.
[A photo look along the top main embankment is included in the print edition of NLM.]
Topographic map reference: Burma 1:250,000: Series U542, U.S. Army Map: NE 47-05: Toungoo

Shwegyin dam, 6 mi north-east Shwegyin [17° 55' N, 96° 53' E], grid square reference: 8\8, 26\4



http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/burma/txu-oclc-6924198-ne47-5.jpg
A good map showing the location of the dam, the rivers, the goldmining areas and the main centres of population of Shwegyin township accompanies the article, “Spaces of extraction: Governance along the riverine networks of Nyaunglebin District”, (see below for full reference).

http://epress.anu.edu.au/myanmar/pdf/ch11.pdf [doc p 2]
See also the map at http://www.khrg.org/maps/2007maps/nyaunglebin.gif
Additional references
Data summary: Shwegyin

See below: Shwegyin hydropower project set in conflict zone (NLM: 24/04/04)

Maung Nyein Aye, NLM, 05/02/12. Edited and condensed. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/NLM2012-02-06.pdf
Construction of the Shwegyin hydropower project was begun in 2003 and the power plant was finally opened on 22 October, 2011. The main structures were constructed phase by phase and include a 1568-foot-long, 135 foot-deep, 2.5-feet-thick diaphragm wall, zone-type dam that can store a maximum of 1685000 acre feet, a 16-foot wide and 20-foot high concrete conduit, a 121-foot-long, 127-foot-wide and 137-foot-high water intake structure, a 2542-foot-long, 135-foot-wide and 58-foot-high spillway, two 1100-foot -ong steel pipelines whose diameter is 25 feet each, a power plant and switch yard measuring 295 x 94 x 70 feet. The turbines are of Francis-vertical shaft type with capacity of 18.75 megawatts each, totaling 75 megawatts. The power plant can generate 262 million kwh electricity a year. [The print edition of NLM carries several photos of the project, including one of the main gates and another of the power house and switch yard.]
NLM, 24/07/11. Edited and condensed. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-07-24.pdf

EPM-1 Zaw Min visits the Shwegyin hydropower project and calls for the remaining parts of the project to be completed soon, since all four generators are now generating electricity. [A photo of the power house and water outlet are included in the print edtion of NLM.]


NLM, 15/06/11. Condensed. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-06-15.pdf

Three of the four turbines have been installed and are now supplying 56.75 megawatts of power. On a visit, the hydropower minister calls for more attention to environmental conservation, growing trees, and improving the natural ecology in the areas inundated by the dam. [A photo of the three functioning turbines is included with the new item in the print edition of NLM.]


Juliet Shwe Gaung, Myanmar Times, 14/03/11 (Issue 566). Condensed. http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/business/566/biz56603.html

Residents of Shwegyin report that since early January they’ve been enjoying 24-hour electricity. That was when the first of four 18.75-MW generators at the nearby Shwegyin hydroelectric plant started operations easily sating the town’s 2-MW thirst for power. One resident said some wards in the town were preparing to install higher-voltage transformers to cope with the higher loads being passed through the electricity grid. Shwegyin is at the base of the Bago mountain range and the town is famous for gold mining and rubber cultivation. A feasibility study for a hydroelectric power plant there started in 2001, with the aim of supplying the town and the national grid. The plant and its dam were mainly built by Myanmar engineers under the guidance of the Dept of Hydropower Implementation. The plant’s turbines and machinery were supplied by China’s Gezhouba Water and Power Group Co. An official of the HPID said the plant’s second turbine is almost complete and should be in operation by the end March, while the remaining two should be up and running by the end of the year. [A photo of the upper side of the main gates at the dam is included with the article.]


NLM, 12/01/11. Condensed. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/NLM2011-01-12.pdf

A ceremony was held to mark the operational start-up of the first turbine-generator at the Shwegyin hydropower station. The other three machines are expected to come on-line soon. The project is now 96.66pc complete. [A photo of one of the turbines is included in the print edition of NLM.]


Zaw Moe Thauk, NLM, 02/12/10. Selected. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs09/NLM2010-12-02.pdf

The power plant at Shwegyin dam is reached through a passage under Shwegyin creek. The reservoir, which has a surface area of 44 square miles, can store up to 1,685,000 acre-feet of water at full brim and 510,800 acre-feet at still-water level. The four 18.75-MW turbine-generators at the plant are expected to generate 262 million kilowatt hours yearly. The whole project is now 96.72pc complete and work on the installation of generating unit-4 is 98 per cent complete, while concrete work on the power station is completely finished. The first three generators are already in operation. A 230-kV steel pylon for transmitting the electricity produced at the plant can be seen in the rubber plantation at the exit to the project area. Construction tasks commenced in 2002-03 and completion is expected in 2010-11. [The full article is accompanied by photos showing the main control gate with its four valves, an aerial photo of main embankment and control gate, and one showing the partially installed fourth generator. The scale model of the project found in NLM on 15/3/09 provides a useful reference for comparing the information found in this article. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/NLM2009-03-15.pdf

Karen Information Committee (KIC), 14/09/10. Edited and condensed.

http://www.bnionline.net/news/kic/9343-over-500-hit-by-floods-in-shwe-kyin.html

Over 500 people from the villages of Tanayphar, Kyauk Nagar, Thetyet Chaung and Htee Kayhtar in Shwekyin township have had to move because of the rising water level in the reservoir at Shwekyin dam. "The water level is as high as the tree tops. All houses have been inundated and the people have had to move," said Phu Hkar Chu from Nyaunglebin. He said most of the villagers are slash and burn farmers who also have danyinn gardens, lemon fruit [shaut] gardens. They have lost over 10,000 acres through the flooding. The water level in the dam reservoir has been rising since August. Since construction of the dam started in 2000 the villages of So, Hsu Mu Htar, Se So Kon, Polo, Dubaw, Nyar Muu Kwe, Kasawwah Kwe, and Lal Wah have been relocated to other places. Water has been stored in the reservoir since Dec-09, according to Naw Phaw Gay Hku of Karen River Watch who said the dam has ruined over 20 villages.


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