Erik Erikson’s Theory of Development



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Erik Erikson’s Theory of Development
According to Psychologist Erik Erikson, there are 8 stages that people go through in the life cycle. At each stage there are different conflicts that one must resolve.
1. Oral Sensory Stage: Birth to18 months.

Conflict is trust vs. mistrust

The infant must form a loving and trusting relationship with its parents or a sense of mistrust develops in the baby.
2. Muscular-Anal Stage: 18 months to 3 years

Conflict is autonomy versus shame/ doubt

Infants learn toilet training. If unsuccessful, the child will doubt his or her abilities. If successfully handled, the child will learn control.
3. Locomotor Stage: 3 to 6 years.

The conflict at this stage is initiative vs. guilt

If the child successfully gains independence, he or she will continue to take more initiative. If unsuccessful, he is left with feelings of guilt.
4. Latency stage: 6 to 12 years.

Industry vs. inferiority

This is the stage when dealing with school. The child does not handle the demands of school successfully, they develop feelings of inferiority, failure and incompetence.
5. Adolescence: 12-18 years

identity vs. role confusion

The teen must achieve a personal sense of identity as they deal with relationships with their peers.


  1. Young Adulthood: 18-25

Intimacy vs. isolation

People need to develop intimate relationships or else suffer feelings of isolation.


7. Adulthood: 25-65

generativity vs. stagnation

Erikson believed that each adult must find a way to support the next generation, (having kids and successful child rearing accomplishes this).
8. Maturity 65- death

Ego integrity vs. despair



This involves reflecting on and accepting one’s life. If the conflict is resolved positively, the ego has integrity and the person feels fulfilled.
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