Evolution of The Azerbaijani Language and Idendity
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Türkcənin Etimiloji Sözlükləri
- Batı Âzerbaycanʹda Hıristyan Bir Devletin Kurulması Planları Ve Avrupalılarla Osmanlıların Rolü (1918)
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1 İçindəkilər
Dr. Cevat Heyʹet Azərbaycan Türkcəsində Dəyişkən Deyimsəllik Məsələsi, İbrahim Rafraf Türkcənin Etimiloji Sözlükləri, M. Riza HEYƏT Alexander Chodzko As The Forerunner Of Unveiling The Azerbaijani Culture In The West, Ihar Lalkoŭ Azərbaycan Şivələrində Qədim Mənsubiyyət Və Şəxs Formaları, M. Ə. Məmmədov Sərf Və Nəhv Bir‐Birindən Ayrı Deyil, İbrahim Rafraf Batı Âzerbaycanʹda Hıristyan Bir Devletin Kurulması Planları Ve Avrupalılarla Osmanlıların Rolü (1918), Dr. Cevat Heyʹet Azərbaycan Dilində Bə’zi Atalar Sözü Və Onların İngilizcə Qarşılığı İbrahim Rafraf İranʹda Türk Kültürünün Durumu, Dr. Cevat Heyʹet İkinci Hissə
Baş Səhifə 2 Evolution of The Azerbaijani Language and Idendity
Paper Presented to The Symposium on Azerbaijani Language and Idendity University of Malmoe Malmoe, 15 April 2003 Dr. Javad Heyet
The Turkish language of Azerbaijan or Azerbaijani language belongs to the Oghuz group, and is spoken in Iran as well as the republic of Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia and Kerkuk region in Iraq. The formation of Azerbaijani language as a nationwide language is related to the immigration of the Turkic tribes and peoples to Azerbainan, though not exactly synchronous with it. There is difference of opinion among the linguists as to when exactly this language developed into a folks‐ scale language.
Western turcologists believe
that the
language took the form of a nationwide language simultaneously with the immigration of the Oghuz Turks at the beginning of the 11 th century from the central Asia to Azerbaijan through Iran. The literary works began to emerge from the 13 th
back to the 7‐8 th centuries (A. Demirchizade etc.). Even some scholars consider Azerbaijan to be the original homeland of the Turks. According to my own research, the northern part of Azerbaijan was subjected to Turkish elements beginning the 7 th centuty B.C., by the immigration of various Turkic tribes from the central Asia, such as Schythes, Bulqars, Huns, Sabirs, Agajeris, Pecheneks, Kengerlus, On‐Oghurs, Sari‐Oghurs, Khazars, and finally Qipchaqs, thus the turkicisation process was completed in the north as early as the 7 th century A.D., whereas in the south, this process still waited to be intensified by the immigration of Oghuz‐Qipchaq and Uyghur elements in the 11‐13 th centuries. In these centuries the territories of southern Azerbaijan were conquered and settled by Seljuk Turks (Oghuz), whose settlement was later intensified by the Uyghur (who accompanied Mongols), Ag‐Qoyunlu, Qara‐Qoyunlu, Turks arriving with
3 Tamerlane from Central Asia, and later by the Qizilbash (Oghuz) tribes arriving in the 16 th century and joining Shah Ismail Safavi. The language of all the native inhabitants including the Tats and the immigrating Mongols was converted to the Turkish language due to their melting within these Turkish elements. The establishment of Oghuz dialect as the dominant language of Azerbaijan was made possible only after domination of the Oghuz element in the ethnic make‐ up of the population of Azerbaijan, i.e. after the 11 th century, though other Turkic dialects such as Qipchaq and Uyghur and even the Tat and other Azeri dialects had played a certain role in this evolution, and Arabic and Persian words entered the language due to the Islamic and the Iranian influence. The Turkish of Azerbaijan contains a written literary language and many oral dialects. Early literary works in the Azerbaijani language include Izziddin Hasan Oghlu, Nessir Bakui and Hindu Shah Nakhchivani, who wrote his famous lexicological and grammatical work called Sahah‐al‐ajem in the 13 th century. The oral tradition is older and dates back to Dede Qorqud legend. The literary style of Dede Qorqud marks the early phases of the Oghuz language , when the diferentiation between the Azerbaijani and Anatolian dialects had not set in yet. The evolution of Azerbaijani language has been devided into 3 periods by A. Demirchizadeh as follows: 1 – The formation and evolution of the Azerbaijani on the basis of a comprehensive ethnic language (Umumxalq Dil), 11 th century up to the end of 18 th
century. 2 – The stabilization of the literary language as a national language, 18 th
century up to early 20 th century. 3 – The contemporary period, early 20 th century up to present. The first period can be devided into 3 stages as follows:
1 – The beginning stage (11‐15 th centuries). In this period the Oghuz dialect was dominant and certain language elements from Qipchaq‐ Uyghur and sometimes synonyms (qosha sözler, paired words) are present in parallel, as for example Yaxshi and Eyu, ben and men, qilmaq and etmek, ayitmaq and soylemek and
The U phoneme was dominant in the second syllable of the words and also in the suffixes, as for example eyu, altun, qamu (hami), versun (versin). This situation had persisted until the end of the 18 th century and had taken its final, present day form after the emergence of the poet Vaqif. The most notable figure belonging to this period was Nassimi (14 th century). 2 – Khatai and Fuzuli stages (16‐17 th centuries). In this period the Turkish language was developing in parallel to the Persian language, and was the official language used in the Safavi court and the military establishments as well as the administrative circles. In this period the Turkish language influenced the Persian language strongly by providing many loan words and military terms to it, and paved the way for a unification, and the difference between the written and the oral language almost disappeared. The qoshma poetical form was introduced to the classical literature by the poetry of Shah Ismail Khatai.
Fuzuli was the most notable Ghazal (lyric) poet of the period, who wrote lyric Yüklə 1,33 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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