Faà di Bruno, Giovanni Matteo [Horatio, Orazio] 83
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Flosman, Oldřich
- WORKS
- Flöte (i)
- Flötenuhr
Flos(pl. flores) (Lat.: ‘flower’; Fr. fleuretis). A species of vocal embellishment. Jerome of Moravia (late 13th century) gave this definition: ‘est autem flos armonicus decora vocis sive soni celerrima procellarisque vibratio’ – an ‘ornamental vibration of the voice, or a very rapid rippling of the sound’ – that is, a shake. He described three types of ‘flowers’: long, open and sudden. ‘Long flowers’ resemble a slow vibrato, taking the note a semitone above the note to be graced. ‘Open flowers’ are slow, taking the tone below. ‘Sudden flowers’ begin slowly and gradually gather speed, using the interval of a semitone. Describing these ornaments in connection with plainchant, the author warned against applying them indiscriminately. Five notes are singled out for embellishment: the first, last and penultimate notes to be graced with long flowers, the second note of the first syllable with open flowers, and the long plica with sudden flowers. Singers may insert several short notes between this ornamental plica and the next note ‘to make the melody more elegant’. The addition of flowers was reserved for festal performance and was omitted during times of penance or mourning:
Enffans du cueur, ne faictes plus leçons De fleuretiz, mais note contre note Sur Requiem, en doulcettes façons. (Guillaume Crétin: Déploration sur le trespas de feu Okergan) In the 18th century Lebeuf used the term fleuretis as synonymous with chant sur le livre (p.110).
MARY BERRY Flosman, Oldřich(b Plzeň, 5 April 1925; d Prague, 12 Oct 1998). Czech composer. He studied at the Prague Conservatory with Karel Janeček, and at the academy with Bořkovec (1946–50). After a period as secretary of the composition department of the academy, he acted as artistic director of the Army Arts Ensemble from 1951. He left his appointment to devote time to composition, and to work on behalf of the Pragokoncert agency. He became a committe member of the Union of Czech Composers in 1971, and in 1977 was appointed director of the Czechoslovak performing rights society. His early music was much influenced by Czech folksong. He then turned in the direction of Shostakovich and Prokofiev and thereafter succeeded in developing a highly individual style, most noticeably in the Second Violin Concerto, dedicated to Gertler, who gave the première at the 1973 Prague Spring Festival, and in Michelangalův kámen (‘Visions of Michelangelo’), written for the Czech violist Lubomír Malý. Flosman received many honours during his lifetime, among them the State Prize (1974) and the titles Artist of Merit and National Artist. WORKS(selective list)
BIBLIOGRAPHYČSHS V. Felix: ‘Houslový koncert Oldřicha Flosmana’ [Flosman’s Violin Concerto], HRo, xiii (1960), 7–9 P. Zapletal: ‘Druhý houslový koncert Oldřicha Flosmana’, HRo, xxvii (1974), 39–41 P. Zapletal: ‘Padesát let Oldřicha Flosmana’ [Flosman at 50], HRo, xxviii (1975), 176–8 P. Zapletal: ‘K šedesátinám Oldricha Flosmana’ [On the 60th birthday of Flosman], HRo, xxxviii (1985), 175–9 OLDŘICH PUKL/JAN LEDEČ Flöte (i)(Ger.). See Flute. Flöte (ii)(Ger.). See under Organ stop (Flute). Flötenbass(Ger.). See under Organ stop (Bassflute). Flötenuhr(Ger.). A flute-playing Musical clock, a Mechanical instrument producing its sounds from organ pipes activated by pinned cylinders. Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, C.P.E. Bach and other late 18th- and early 19th-century composers wrote for the instrument. Yüklə 17,54 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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