Family of Amir Temur

Amir Temur, Temur, Temurbek (full name Amir Temur ibn Amir Taragay ibn Amir Barqul) (April 9, 1336, Khoja Ilg'or village (now Yakkabag district) near the city of Kesh (now Shahrisabz) - February 18, 1405 He was buried in Samarkand, Otrar. He was a great medieval statesman, a great commander, the founder of a strong, centralized state, a patron of science and culture. His intelligence was very strong. He would play the same sword in both his right hand and his left

Family of Amir Temur

Amir Temur's mother was Mrs. Takina. His father, Amir Taragay, was one of the elders of the Turkic Barlas clan and one of the most influential beys of the Chigatay ulus. His ancestors ruled in Kesh province. For this reason, Amir Temur's father, Amir Taragay, was also invited once a year to the congress of the people's beys convened by the khan on the banks of the Ili River, and he regularly attended such gatherings. At the same time, according to Sharafuddin Yazdi, "he was kind and compassionate to the scholars and the sulaha and the pious, and he used to go to their meetings ...". Taragaybek piri had a deep respect for Shamsuddin Kulol. Later, Kulol was also the shrine of Amir Temur. Taragaybek died in 1405.

Amir Temur had an older sister, Kutlug Turkon, and a sister, Shirinbeka. They died before Timur and were buried in the mausoleums of the Shahi Zinda complex in Samarkand. "According to Muyizz al-Ansab, Timur had three more brothers: Djuki, Alim Sheikh and Suyurgatmish. Timur had one uncle, whose name was Bolta.

The youth of Amir Temur

Amir Temur's youth was spent in Kesh. When he was seven, his father sent him to study. From an early age, Amir Temur was engaged in horseback riding, hunting, archery, various other exercises and military games under the supervision of special coaches. At the same time, Amir Temur grew up to be a skilled rider and a brave warrior who could distinguish tulpars. Amir Temur was by nature a heavy, calm, thoughtful and intelligent man, and extremely intelligent, quick-witted in his abilities and virtues, especially sincerity. As a result, he was able to attract loyal friends from his peers. His childhood friends and schoolmates (Abbas Bahodur, Jahonshohbek, Qimori inoq, Sulaymonshohbek, Idiku Temur, Sayfuddinbek, Hindushoh, Qarqara, etc.) gathered around him to train together, participate in competitions, gradually become navkars and form a military unit. went Later, they rose to the rank of general in the army of Amir Temur.

Amir Temur and Amir Hussein fought several battles with the Jeta army led by Elijah over the next two years. Finally, in 1364 y. Eventually, they drove the Mongols out of Movarounnahr.

However, Ilyaskhodja, who did not want to lose Movarounnahr, died in 1365. In the spring of 1945 he again marched on Turkestan. The battle between Tashkent and China is historically known as the "Battle of the Mud." They were defeated in the battle due to the betrayal of Amir Hussein, and with their troops retreated to the banks of the Amu Darya and settled in the province of Balkh. Ilyaskhoja marched on Samarkand, capturing Khojand, Jizzakh and several other towns and villages without any resistance. At that time, Samarkand could not resist a large army. The city had no walls, no strongholds, and no armed forces. The princes and emirs had left the city, but the people revolted against the Mongols, and the warlords took control of the city. The defenders of the city are led by the madrasa student of Mavlonozada Samarkand, the elder of the wool (cotton) makers' neighborhood Abu Bakr Kuluyi (Kalavi) Naddof and the sniper Mawlana Khurdaki Bukhari. In Samarkand, the Sarbadars inflicted a severe blow on the Mongols. Ilyaskhodja was forced to leave first Samarkand and then the whole of Movarounnahr. The news of the victory of the Sarbadars over the Mongols reached Amir Hussein and Amir Temur. Amir Temur spent the winter in Karshi, and Hussein spent the winter on the Amudarya. In the spring they left for Samarkand. They stopped at Konigita to express their satisfaction with the soldiers' victory over the enemy and to meet them. However, when the chiefs of the guards came to the emirs, by the order of Amir Hussein, Abu Bakr Kuluyi (Kalawi) Naddof and Mawlana Khurdak Bukhari were hanged. Mavlonozoda was Amir Temur. protects and saves. Thus, the Sarbadars were left without a leader, and the rule of Amir Hussein was established in Movarounnahr. The relationship between Hussein and Amir Temur soon escalated into an open conflict. Afraid of Amir Temur's growing influence, Amir Hussein returned to Balkh and began to fortify its fortress walls and fortifications. He also gathered a large army from Balkh, Kunduz and Badakhshan. Amir Temur, the head of Kesh and Karshi provinces, was also preparing for a decisive battle against Amir Hussein. Between 1366 and 1970, there were several clashes.

Elected as "Great Amir."

The extremely difficult political and economic situation that prevailed in Movarounnahr in the 1960s required the unification of the country into a strong state. Amir Hussein understood this demand of his time better than Amir Hussein. Therefore, in the early stages of its activity, it focused on the creation of a centralized state in Movarounnahr. In pursuing this goal, he relied on the ranks of the clergy, the military, the merchants, and the artisans of the city. As Amir Temur began to unite the scattered country, he began the struggle with his internal enemies. 1370 y. In the spring, Amir Temur set out against Amir Hussein. When the army reached the village of Biyo near Termez, Sayyid Baraka, one of the Meccan sheriffs, supported the activities of Amir Temur and presented him with a large drum, a symbol of supreme power, and a flag and a flag. Undoubtedly, this event was of great political significance. Because he was a symbol of kingdom. Amir Temur understood this very well. Therefore, before reaching Balkh, he held a meeting with the amir and noyons in the Orpuz district. At the request of the majority, according to the rules of the time, the son of Suyurgatmish, a descendant of the Genghis Khans, was transferred to the throne of the kingdom of Movarounnahr. By the time Amir Temur's army reached Balkh, new forces had joined him along the way. Meanwhile, Amir Hussein was abandoned by most of the emirs. In the battle, Amir Hussein's army was defeated, and after a two-day siege, on April 10, 1370, Balkh was liberated. He surrendered to Amir Temur. Amir Hussein was captured and executed. After this victory, Amir Temur married Mrs. Saraymulk, the daughter of Kazankhan, the Genghis Khan ruler of Movarounnahr. In connection with the marriage of the khan's daughter, Amir Temur received the title of "koragon", ie "son-in-law of the khan".

On April 11, 1370, at a congress attended by all the beys, emirs of the Chigatay ulus, the governors of the provinces and districts, and the sayyids (lords) of Termez, as well as Amir Temur's comrades-in-arms and piri Sayyid Baraka, Amir Temur himself ruled, and the provinces were ruled by his sons, grandsons, and close emirs. Samarkand became the capital of Amir Temur's state, and in the summer of that year the city walls and fortress were rebuilt, palaces and palaces were built.

Strengthening the state of Timur and its dependent lands

Amir Temur (June 1370) convened a large congress in Samarkand in order to strengthen the political and economic position of the country, to end the long-lasting internal divisions, and to establish peace and tranquility. It discussed the formation of a central state system and the formation of an army.

Amir Temur, well aware of the importance of military power in governing the country, attached great importance to the structure of the army. He introduced high-ranking military titles such as ‘amir’ and ‘amir ul-umaro’. In reforming the army militarily, he paid special attention to the selection and training of commanders, military units and their location, the armament and discipline of navkars and soldiers (see also Temurid martial arts).

When Amir Temur came to power, he first regulated the tax system in order to alleviate the severe economic crisis in the country. He called on amin, kalontar and tax collectors to be fair and just to the people and not to break the law, because the stability of the kingdom largely depends on the condition of the people and their loyalty to the state and the head of state. The protection of citizens was enshrined in law, and the law was equal for all. Amir Temur protected not only his own people, but also the people of the conquered countries as much as possible. He protected them from captivity and plunder.

Amir Temur and Amir Hussein fought several battles with the Jeta army led by Elijah over the next two years. Finally, in 1364 y. Eventually, they drove the Mongols out of Movarounnahrare

However, Ilyaskhodja, who did not want to lose Movarounnahr, died in 1365. In the spring of 1945 he again marched on Turkestan. The battle between Tashkent and China is historically known as the "Battle of the Mud." They were defeated in the battle due to the betrayal of Amir Hussein, and with their troops retreated to the banks of the Amu Darya and settled in the province of Balkh. Ilyaskhoja marched on Samarkand, capturing Khojand, Jizzakh and several other towns and villages without any resistance. At that time, Samarkand could not resist a large army. The city had no walls, no strongholds, and no armed forces. The princes and emirs had left the city, but the people revolted against the Mongols, and the warlords took control of the city. The defenders of the city are led by the madrasa student of Mavlonozada Samarkand, the elder of the wool (cotton) makers' neighborhood Abu Bakr Kuluyi (Kalavi) Naddof and the sniper Mawlana Khurdaki Bukhari. In Samarkand, the Sarbadars inflicted a severe blow on the Mongols. Ilyaskhodja was forced to leave first Samarkand and then the whole of Movarounnahr. The news of the victory of the Sarbadars over the Mongols reached Amir Hussein and Amir Temur. Amir Temur spent the winter in Karshi, and Hussein spent the winter on the Amudarya. In the spring they left for Samarkand. They stopped at Konigita to express their satisfaction with the soldiers' victory over the enemy and to meet them. However, when the chiefs of the guards came to the emirs, by the order of Amir Hussein, Abu Bakr Kuluyi (Kalawi) Naddof and Mawlana Khurdak Bukhari were hanged. Mavlonozoda was Amir Temur. protects and saves. Thus, the Sarbadars were left without a leader and Amir Hussein's rule was established in Movarounnahr, but soon the relationship between Hussein and Amir Temur escalated into an open conflict. Afraid of Amir Temur's growing influence, Amir Hussein returned to Balkh and began to fortify its fortress walls and fortifications. He also gathered a large army from Balkh, Kunduz and Badakhshan. Amir Temur, the head of Kesh and Karshi provinces, was also preparing for a decisive battle against Amir Hussein. Between 1366 and 1970, there were several clashes.

Elected as "Great Amir."

The extremely difficult political and economic situation that prevailed in Movarounnahr in the 1960s required the unification of the country into a strong state. Amir Hussein understood this demand of his time better than Amir Hussein. Therefore, in the early stages of its activity, it focused on the creation of a centralized state in Movarounnahr. In pursuing this goal, he relied on the ranks of the clergy, the military, the merchants, and the artisans of the city. As Amir Temur began to unite the scattered country, he began the struggle with his internal enemies. 1370 y. In the spring, Amir Temur set out against Amir Hussein. When the army reached the village of Biyo near Termez, Sayyid Baraka, one of the Meccan sheriffs, supported the activities of Amir Temur and presented him with a large drum, a symbol of supreme power, and a flag and a flag. Undoubtedly, this event was of great political significance. Because he was a symbol of kingdom. Amir Temur understood this very well. Therefore, before reaching Balkh, he held a meeting with the amir and noyons in the Orpuz district. At the request of the majority, according to the rules of the time, the son of Suyurgatmish, a descendant of the Genghis Khans, was transferred to the throne of the kingdom of Movarounnahr. By the time Amir Temur's army reached Balkh, new forces had joined him along the way. Meanwhile, Amir Hussein was abandoned by most of the emirs. In the battle, Amir Hussein's army was defeated, and after a two-day siege, on April 10, 1370, Balkh was liberated. He surrendered to Amir Temur. Amir Hussein was captured and executed. After this victory, Amir Temur married Mrs. Saraymulk, the daughter of Kazankhan, the Genghis Khan ruler of Movarounnahr. In connection with the marriage of the khan's daughter, Amir Temur received the title of "koragon", ie "son-in-law of the khan".

On April 11, 1370, at a congress attended by all the beys, emirs of the Chigatay ulus, the governors of the provinces and districts, and the sayyids (lords) of Termez, as well as Amir Temur's comrades-in-arms and piri Sayyid Baraka, Amir Temur himself ruled, and the provinces were ruled by his sons, grandsons, and close emirs. Samarkand became the capital of Amir Temur's state and became a city in the summer of that year walls and castles were rebuilt, palaces and palaces were built.

Strengthening of Timur's state and its dependent lands

Amir Temur (June 1370) convened a large congress in Samarkand in order to strengthen the political and economic position of the country, to end the long-lasting internal divisions, and to establish peace and tranquility. It discussed the formation of a central state system and the formation of an army.

Amir Temur, well aware of the importance of military power in governing the country, attached great importance to the structure of the army. He introduced high-ranking military titles such as ‘amir’ and ‘amir ul-umaro’. In reforming the army militarily, he paid special attention to the selection and training of commanders, military units and their location, the armament and discipline of navkars and soldiers (see also Temurid martial arts).