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regret.”
27
Haber thought this decision sound, and perhaps to preserve their friendship, he sent Einstein the
following letter on April 6, 1933:
If ever a time occurred when I felt all the tortures of conflicting duties and envied you your
simple aim in life, which you pursue in accordance with your own individual nature, then that
time is now. The Prussian Academy has exchanged letters and newspaper statements with you
and is not happy with the result for the topic of your departure does not die down ….
Unfortunately these living idolaters have derived from the Christian religion the ineptitude of
linking divinity and fallibility. And the predominant opinion of the one side for divinity and the
prevailing view of the others that you acted wrongly are the reasons that the matter of your
departure does not come to rest. Perhaps it would still go right if only it were clear wherein your
offenses lay. According to all information on this matter, it is clear that you have become an
enemy of the National Socialist movement and a criminal with respect to Hitler‟s government,
and that honorable mention of you endangers the originator or the disseminator of the remarks.
But that you committed an offense by turning against this government while abroad and
declaring yourself a voluntary exile has not persuaded a fair number of people. You come to be
attacked because you did not defend this government while abroad. But indeed, the others note
that for a defense a factual knowledge of the situation is required, knowledge to which you
would have had no access or insufficient access while abroad. Yes, and so on. The outcome of
this business for you is “many enemies, much honor,” but we have to carry the worst part. For
our honor has been stained.
28
It seems that Fritz Haber envied his friend Albert Einstein in some aspects. He describes how he is
feeling “all the tortures of conflicting duties” and that he is jealous of Einstein‟s “simple aim in life”. Clearly the
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, officially passed on April 7, 1933, deeply affected the
way Haber thought about the country that he had previously been a loyal and devoted patriot of. He now would
be forced to dismiss some of his colleagues from their positions at the Institute, brilliant minds as they were,
simply because they were of Jewish descent. Deep down, perhaps he wished that he could stand up for his
beliefs and rally for his colleagues‟ positions. Einstein did not conceal his thoughts or feelings for fear of being
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punished; as described by Haber, he pursued his actions “in accordance with [his] own individual nature”. For
expressing his derogatory views on Nazism while abroad, Einstein was expelled from the Prussian Academy.
The fact that Haber agreed with this action, rather than defending his dear friend, made him feel as though his
“honor [had] been stained”. At this point, Haber must have felt deeply conflicted. Should he turn against his
once beloved country and leave the Institute with what was left of his honor intact, or should he continue to
ignore his Jewish heritage in the pursuit of scientific advancements?
Before making the decision that would forever alter his life and his scientific work, Haber wanted to be
sure that his former colleagues had found vocational positions abroad. He turned to Einstein writing: “I must
write to you once again. For the people who would like to receive your help are many, and I am forced… to
bother you in individual cases.”
29
However, Haber had just agreed with the decision to have Einstein expelled
from his position at the Academy, so why would Einstein be so willing to help him at this time? It seems that
Einstein knew precisely how Haber felt, understanding the enormous pressure and moral strife that his friend
was enduring, for he wrote to him:
I am amazed at the unintelligent behavior of the Academy, less so at the lack of moral stature
(this latter I already knew about). I can imagine your inner conflicts. It is similar to having to
give up a theory that one has worked on all one‟s life. It is not so with me, because I never for a
moment believed in them. I hope that soon I can write to you at some other place.
30
Haber was facing the decision of what he would do once he left the Institute, for it seems that his mind
was already made up that he would indeed resign from his post as director. When travelling through Paris, he
wrote to Einstein describing his thoughts on this matter:
I am here traveling through Paris to Santander in Spain, where there is a meeting organized by
the Universidad International de Verano. What shall I do afterward is uncertain. My life plan
was set so that I would occupy my position as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute until 30
September and then would choose a lifestyle and work befitting my years and my no longer
perfect health, if this were offered to me. I cannot say that I have been showered with attractive
offers… Three times now I have received an invitation to go to Palestine and there enter into
closer relations with the University in Jerusalem. […]