Fundamental particles: fundamental particles

Have you had a caffeine fix today?

• Have you had a caffeine fix today?

• The universe, atoms & molecules, in a cup of coffee…. or tea.

FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES:

• FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES:

• Mass Charge Symbol

• Nucleus:

• PROTON 1 amu +1 H+, H, p

• 1.67 x 10 -27 kg

• NEUTRON 1 amu 0 n

• 1.67 x 10 -27 kg

• _________________________________________

• ELECTRON very small -1 e -

•  2000 x smaller than a proton or neutron

• This particle is said to “hold” or “bond” atoms together in molecules.

• Atoms (neutral electrostatic charge: # protons = # electrons )

• # Protons = Atomic Number
• Atomic Mass = # Protons + # of Neutrons
• Isotope: same atomic number but different atomic mass (different # of neutrons)

Atomic Number = 6 (atom’s identity)

• Atomic Number = 6 (atom’s identity)
• Carbon
• Atomic Mass = 13 (isotope 13)
• 6 protons; # neutrons = 13 - 6
• neutral atom has 6 electrons

Isotopes vary in their relative natural abundance.

• Isotopes vary in their relative natural abundance.
• Periodic Table’s atomic mass is a weighted average of all isotopic masses
• The mass of sodium, Na, element #11 is listed as 22.99 amu. Which isotope is naturally present in the larger amount: the isotope with 12 neutrons or with 13 neutrons? (There is a small percentage of the isotope with 11 neutrons.)

Emitted Particles:

• Emitted Particles:

• Mass Charge Symbol

• alpha particle 4 amu +2

• beta particle very small -1

• gamma very very small 0

President Truman / Hiroshima

• President Truman / Hiroshima

Hiroshima, Japan

• Hiroshima, Japan

Fusion too has been used in producing weapons (“hydrogen” bombs) and has not yet found a peaceful commercial application

• Fusion too has been used in producing weapons (“hydrogen” bombs) and has not yet found a peaceful commercial application

History of nuclear tests & explosions

• History of nuclear tests & explosions

Course/ Lab Manual pg. 27-30)

• Course/ Lab Manual pg. 27-30)

• DUE before Exam 1, Week 6