Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
14
Whichever of the planning tools is used, it is important that consultation with the BG experts and
spatial planners/architects on the formulation of the integrated solutions based on optimised
interactions of ecosystem services starts as early as possible: ideally, at the very beginning of the
planning process. This is shown in the lower part of Fig 9, as opposed to late stage engagement,
which is presented in the upper part in the same figure.
Figure 8: The concept of the optimal ecosystem performance based design method
Resulting benefits:
•
Lower construction &building running cost
•
Lower occupants running costs
•
Better quality indoor and outdoor environment
•
Higher market value of properties
•
Better living environment quality
Conventional design
-not all interactions addressed
-(red zones
–
additional costs or
lower quality)
Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
15
Figure 9: Schematic of when to start consultations on “sustainability”: (a) current practice, after
the master planning and urban design (upper scheme or (b) before the tender document is written
or at the tender phase
3
Part 2: Methodology, Examples
3.1
Introduction to implementations of BG Solutions
Although the concept of BG solutions is relatively new (the BGG project started in the late 2012)
it is gaining momentum at an international scale. The United Nations University has
commissioned a study (Rethinking Infrastructure Design for multi-use Water Services) on
implementation of BG Solutions in new projects and their retrofitting into existing developments.
This study is being conducted by the BGD team.
BG Solutions are based on good practices performed before the project’s commencement. Added
value is maximised for projects where the BGD concept is embedded in the whole planning and
implement process. In what follows, some of these examples are presented.
When the problems of climate change became evident (through weather extremes) many people
thought about our relationship with the environment. Even in the 1970`s, questions of population,
URABN PANNING
Master planning Urban Design Outline Planning
Application
Detailed Planning
Landscape Design
TECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Design Strategy
Concept
design
Detailed Design
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO URBAN DESIGN
TECHNICAL ENGINEERIGN
Introduction
Research objectives
Methodology
Future Plan
Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
16
food production, industrial production, pollution and consumption of non-renewable natural
resources arose, as did the long-term viability of modern cities.
The traditional approach to engineering design of structures and systems exposed to impacts of
stochastic conditions (variables) has been to adapt the acceptable risk (thus costs) to the selected
return period. However, climate change creates a lot of issues to this methodology since the
systems designed to sustain a certain return period are now exposed to extreme conditions more
frequently. Recently, Fratini at all (2012) “customised” this method by introducing the so called
Three Points Approach (3PA) for analysis of adaptations to climate changes. If one single
function (flood mitigation, for example) of a technical system is analysed in isolation, in order to
adapt for climate change one would have to invest heavily into increasing its capacity (“rich men’s
solution”). BGD project has further customised this methodology to support climate change
adaptation through trans-disciplinarity and multi-functionality by linking this approach to the
integrated optimisation of BGD based, eco-systems’ performance (“wise men’s solutions”).
The BGD project has formulated its paradigm here as “we need to evolve from a monoculture -
rich man’s solution - to more sustainable multicultural (multifunctional) ones– a wise man’s
culture. That means that the simplistic, `solve one pressing problem at a time` approach of the
nineteenth century will need to be changed into long timescale thinking in terms of ecosystems
and networks, bio-geochemical cycles and chains of cause and effects. One of the most
challenging issues in modern cities is water. Water issues often remain disconnected from the
broader urban planning processes.
Figure 10: Options for adaptations to climate change: a. Conventional design approach classified
by (Fratini et. al (2012)) through 3PA and b. adaptations for climate change through
transdisciplinarity and multifunctionality
Time (Ln)
Risk/
Size/Cost
£ (Ln)
Monofunctional
adaptation for climate
change
( “
Rich
” men`s solution)
Multifunctional
adaptation for climate
change
(
“Wise”
men`s solution)