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Non-linguistic typology is the subject matter of the sciences except linguistics. It
can be political typology, medical or economic typology as well. Linguistic
typology is a new branch of general linguistic, which studies the systems of
languages comparatively, also finds common laws of languages and establishes
differences and similarities between them. And due to David Crystal’s book
“Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics”,
Non- linguistic
Typology is explained
in this way: “A branch of linguistics which studies the structural similarities
between languages, regardless of their history, as part of an attempt to establish a
satisfactory classification, or typology, of languages. The typological comparison
is thus distinguished from the historical comparison of languages and its groupings
can coincide with those set up by the historical method”. Nowadays many terms
are used for defining this very type of science, such as
Linguistic Typology
,
Comparative Typology
,
Contrastive Typology
. But with the help of analyzing
historical background, we’ll be able to realize the main notion of this branch of
Linguistics. Typology is understood as a science of a whole comparison that has a
large number of factors
of its development. However, if it is described as a
structural typology, then numbers of factors of its appearance will diminish. As
Maslow said: “Typology does not deal with a limited number of languages. If it
does, then it should be called “characterlogy” or “comparative description”. Since
the number of languages typology deals with cannot be counted, languages are
referred as an unlimited number of languages. The development of typology was
very slow. It has several factors that influence to its development which are but not
limited to typological imitation, “Port Royal Grammar”, historical comparative
linguistics, theprocess of studying of languages without awriting system,
theinfluence of
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