H\374z\374n Turizmi pdf

62ø'

6(<$+$7 9( 27(/ øù/(70(&ø/øöø '(5*ø6ø <,/  ± 6$<, 

ϭϰ

JHUHNHQLQ

ELUH\

WDUDIÕQGDQ

|÷UHQLOPHVLQL

VD÷ODPDN

$ULVWR¶QXQ

NDWDUVLV

NDYUDPÕQÕ

WUDJHG\DQÕQ LoLQGH NXOODQPDNWDNL GL÷HU ELU

DPDFÕGÕU 7XQDOÕ    %X DoÕGDQ

VDQDWÕQ J|UHYL UXKXQ NHQGLVLQGH EXOXQDQ

DúÕUÕOÕNODUGDQ YH N|WONOHUGHQ WHPL]OHQPHVLQL

VD÷ODPDNWÕU %LU DUDo RODQ WUDJHG\D LVH

NDWDUVLV DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD DFÕPD YH NRUNX GX\JXODUÕ

X\DQGÕUÕS UXKX WXWNXODUGDQ DUÕQGÕUPDNWDGÕU

 .DWDUVLV YH +]Q 7XUL]PL

$UDúWÕUPDQÕQ |QFHNL E|OPQGH EHOLUWLOGL÷L

]HUH K]Q WXUL]PLQGH DVÕO RODQ NÕVPHQ

YH\D

WDPDPHQ WXULVWOHULQ JHUoHN

\D

GD

VHPEROLN RODUDN |OPOH NDUúÕODúPDODUÕ EX

DoÕGDQ NHQGLOHULQL \DúDQDQ ROD\D PRWLYH

HWPHOHULGLU 6HDWRQ   WDUDIÕQGDQ RUWD\D

DWÕODQ |OP LoHUHQ EX WXUL]P WH]L ELU 2UWDoD÷

GúQFHVL

RODQ

³WKDQDWRSVLV´

]HULQH

NXUXOPXúWXU

7KDQDWRSVLV

LQVDQODUÕ

|OP

GúQFHVLQL NXOODQDUDN ELU DUD\D JHWLUPH\H

oDOÕúDQ ELU DQOD\ÕúWÕU )DNDW )UHXG¶D J|UH |OP

LoJGV \D GD ³WKDQDWRV´ LQVDQGD GR÷XúWDQ

YDUGÕU YH |OP KD\DWÕQ ELU SDUoDVÕGÕU %X

ED÷ODPGD

|OP

LoJGV

NHQGLQL

|OP

ROJXVXQXQ EXOXQGX÷X \HUOHUH ]L\DUHW úHNOLQGH

GH

J|VWHUHELOPHNWHGLU

.D\D



 

+]Q WXUL]PL NDSVDPÕQGD VH\DKDW HGHQ

WXULVW ]LKQLQGH ROXúWXUGX÷X DFÕPD YH NRUNX

GX\JXODUÕ

YDVÕWDVÕ\OD

UXKVDO

DoÕGDQ

WHPL]OHQGL÷LQL KLVVHWPHNWHGLU 7XQDOÕ 

  'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD $ULVWR¶QXQ oDOÕúPDODUÕQGD

WUDJHG\DQÕQ

WHPHO

DUDFÕ

RODUDN

J|UOHQ

NDWDUVLV NHQGLVLQL NDKUDPDQÕQ \HULQH NR\PD

ELU DQOÕN GD ROVD NDKUDPDQOD EHUDEHU R DFÕ\Õ

\DúDPD YH RQXQOD |]GHúOHúPH LVWH÷L JLEL

GX\JXODU YDVÕWDVÕ\OD \DúDQPDNWD YH UXKVDO

DoÕGDQ ELU DUÕQPD JHUoHNOHúPHNWHGLU

*HOLEROX 7DULKL 0LOOL 3DUNÕ¶QÕ KHU \ÕO

]L\DUHW

HGHQ

$Q]DN

WRUXQODUÕQÕQ

EX

VH\DKDWLQGHNL DVÕO PRWLYDV\RQ EDVLW úHNLOGH

dDQDNNDOH¶\L

J|UPHN

GH÷LO

GHGHOHULQLQ

VDYDúWÕNODUÕ

FHSKHGHNL

IL]LNVHO

NDOÕQWÕODUÕQ

HWNLVLQH

NDSÕODUDN

]LKLQOHULQGH

VDYDúÕ

FDQODQGÕUDELOHFHNOHUL

YH

|OPOHULQ

QDVÕO

JHUoHNOHúWL÷LQL NDQÕWODUÕ\OD DQOD\DELOHFHNOHUL

\DQL

NHQGLOHULQL

|OHQ

NLúLOHULQ

\HULQH

NR\DELOHFHNOHUL ELU FHSKH RODQ dDQDNNDOH¶\L

\DúDPDNWÕU øúWH EX QRNWDGD NLúL\L WXUL]PH

NDWÕOPD\D LWHQ Jo \D GD XODúWÕ÷Õ VRQXo

NDWDUVLV \DQL UXKVDO ELU DUÕQPD \DúD\DELOPH

DU]XVXGXU .LúLQLQ NHQGLQL ROD\ NDKUDPDQÕQÕQ

\HULQH NR\PDVÕ LOH HGLQHFH÷L GHUV UXKX

DUÕQGÕUPDGD

XODúÕODFDN

VRQ

QRNWD\Õ

J|VWHUPHNWHGLU

%LU K]Q WXUL]PL GHVWLQDV\RQX RODQ

+LURúLPD¶QÕQ VWOHQGL÷L \NPOON \DOQÕ]FD

NXUEDQODUÕ DQPDN GH÷LO D\QÕ ]DPDQGD QNOHHU

NkEXVODUÕ

DQÕPVDWPDN YH GQ\D EDUÕúÕQÕ

VDYXQPDNWÕU 1NOHHU VLODKODUÕQ NXOODQÕOGÕ÷Õ ELU

VDYDú ROPDVD GD .DPERo\D¶GD \DúDQDQ .Õ]ÕO

.PHUOHU ]XOP GH ONHGH DoOÕ÷D YH VDOJÕQ

KDVWDOÕNODUD \RO DoPDVÕQÕQ \DQÕQGD ELQOHUFH

PDVXP

LQVDQÕQ

|OGUOPHVLQH

QHGHQ

ROPXúWXU

.DPERo\D¶GDNL

$QJNRU

:DW

WDSÕQD÷ÕQÕQ

+LURúLPD¶GDNL

%DUÕú

$QÕWÕ

3DUNÕ¶QÕQ YH %HUOLQ 'XYDUÕ¶QÕQ \ÕNÕOPDVÕQÕQ

DUGÕQGDQ %HUOLQ¶LQ KHU \ÕO ELQOHUFH WXULVW

WDUDIÕQGDQ

]L\DUHW

HGLOPHVL

EHOLUWLOHQ

GHVWLQDV\RQODUÕ

]L\DUHW

HGHQ

WXULVWOHULQ

NHQGLOHULQL |OHQOHULQ \HULQH NR\DUDN JHoPLú

G|QHPGH

\DúDQDQ

YDKúHWL

KLVVHWPHOHUL

DQODPÕQD

JHOPHNWHGLU

%|\OHFH

EHOLUWLOHQ

G|QHPOHUGH RODQODUD GDLU ROXúDQ ]QW LOH

LQVDQ

D\UÕPFÕOÕ÷ÕQÕQ

YH

VDYDúODUÕQ

\ÕNÕFÕ

VRQXoODUÕQD GDLU úHNLOOHQHQ KLVOHU NDWDUVLV LOH

VRQXoODQPDNWDGÕU

'L÷HU

ELU

|UQHN

RODQ

dHUQRELO¶GH

LQVDQODUÕQ WRSOX KDOGH |OPHOHULQH QHGHQ RODQ

UHDNW|U

ND]DVÕQÕQ

L]OHULQLQ

VHUJLOHQPHVL

E|OJH\H

VH\DKDW

HGHUHN

\DúDQDQODUÕQ

ER\XWODUÕQÕ J|]OHPOHPH\L WHNQRORMLQLQ LQVDQ

KD\DWÕQGDNL ROXPOX HWNLVL NDGDU ROXPVX]

HWNLVLQL GH \DUJÕODPD\Õ YH EXQGDQ ELU GHUV

oÕNDUPD\Õ LVWH\HQ ]L\DUHWoLOHULQ DUÕQPD KLVVLQL

\DQVÕWPDNWDGÕU

%HONL

GH

EX

VD\HGH

]L\DUHWoLOHU JQON KD\DWWD KHU DQ NXOODQGÕNODUÕ

WHNQRORMLN DOHWOHULQ GH ELU ND]D\D VHEHEL\HW

YHUHFH÷LQL

GúQHUHN

|QOHP

DOPDN

LVWH\HFHNOHUGLU %|\OHFH NDWDUVLV NDYUDPÕ LOH

DoÕNODQDQ DUÕQPD YH WHPL]OHQPH KLVVL ELU

GHUV oÕNDUPD VRQXFXQD GD XODúPÕú RODFDNWÕU

%LU GR÷DO DIHW VRQXFXQGD \RN RODQ

3RPSHLL NHQWL \DúDQDQ GR÷DO DIHW VRQXFXQGD

WDú NHVLOHQ LQVDQODUÕQÕQ VLOXHW YH NDOÕQWÕODUÕQÕ

LQFHOHPHN LVWH\HQ ]L\DUHWoLOHUH HY VDKLSOL÷L

\DSPDNWDGÕU 7Dú NHVLOHQ KDONÕQ HIVDQHVL

]L\DUHWoLOHULQ

GHUV

oÕNDUDFD÷Õ

QLWHOLNWHGLU

7VXQDPL IHODNHWLQGH ELQOHUFH LQVDQÕQ |OG÷

(QGRQH]\D YH 0DOH]\D¶QÕQ \DQÕQGD (O 1LQR

LOH PDO YH FDQ ND\ÕSODUÕ\OD PFDGHOH HWPH\H

oDOÕúDQ

*QH\

$PHULND¶QÕQ

\DúDGÕNODUÕ

LQVDQÕQ

GR÷D

NDUúÕVÕQGD

SHN

GH

JoO

ROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ

NDQÕWODPDNWDGÕU

%X

GXUXPGD

NDWDUVLV EHOLUWLOHQ GHVWLQDV\RQODUD VH\DKDW

HGHQ

WXULVWOHULQ

GR÷DQÕQ

\ÕNÕFÕ

JFQQ

IDUNÕQD YDUPDODUÕ RODUDN LIDGH HGLOPHNWHGLU

/DG\ 'LDQD QÕQ NÕ\DIHWOHUL LOH NXOODQGÕ÷Õ

ELUoRN

Hú\DQÕQ

LoLQGH

EXOXQGX÷X

YH

EDKoHVLQGH PH]DUÕQÕQ \HU DOGÕ÷Õ $OWKRS (YL¶QH

\DSÕODQ DQPD ]L\DUHWOHULQGH ]L\DUHWoLOHU ELU

WDUDIWDQ VD\JÕODUÕQÕ VXQPDNWD GL÷HU WDUDIWDQ

LVH ]HQJLQ IDNDW NLELUOL ROPD\DQ \DUGÕPVHYHU

ELU LQVDQ RODUDN WP GQ\D\D DGÕQÕ GX\XUDQ

---