4.7
HEAT RECOVERY
123
medium. The cool, solvent-lean mineral oil is then recirculated to the top of
the mineral oil absorber.
All water and solvent that drains from the various condensers in the
solvent extraction plant enters a decanting tank. Since solvent is immiscible
with water, the lighter solvent (0.65 specific gravity) floats above the water.
The key to the decanting tank performance is to minimise turbulence within
the tank, so as to allow sufficient time for gravity decanting to take place. The
elevation of the interface between solvent and water is established by the
highest elevation of the water drain pipe. Water, typically containing 0.01%
solvent, exits the decanting tank to the wastewater stripper. Solvent, typically
containing 0.05% water, exits the decanting tank to the solvent work tank.
The wastewater stripper is a small tank used to increase the temperature of
the wastewater to approximately 95
◦
C, in order to evaporate residual solvent
prior to discharge to the plant sump. The water exiting the wastewater stripper
is typically less than 10 ppm solvent. The hot water exiting the wastewater
stripper is often interchanged with the cool water entering the wastewater
stripper for heat recovery.
Solvent enters the work tank from the decanting tank. The work tank is
a surge tank used to hold solvent prior to the extractor, in order to ensure
that there is always ample solvent available to be pumped to the extractor.
If a large surge of solvent flows into the work tank, the work tank will
automatically overflow to solvent storage. If the level in the work tank
becomes low, additional solvent is pumped from solvent storage to the work
tank. The temperature of the solvent in the work tank is typically in the range
of 52–57
◦
C in plants equipped with a vapour contactor, and 43–49
◦
C in
plants without a vapour contactor.
In plants with a vapour contactor, solvent is pumped from the work tank at
55
◦
C to a steam-heated solvent heater in order to increase its temperature to
60
◦
C prior to entering the extractor. In plants with a solvent preheater rather
than a vapour contactor, solvent is pumped from the work tank at 45
◦
C to the
solvent preheater, where its temperature is increased to 55
◦
C. The solvent is
then further heated in a steam-heated solvent heater from 55 to 60
◦
C prior
to its return to the extractor.