Helium (Data in million cubic meters of contained helium gas 1 unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Salient Statistics—United States: 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 e
- Import Sources (2009 – 12)
- Disposals Material inventory for disposal FY 2013 FY 2013
- John E. Hamak 8 [(806) 356–1031, jhamak@blm.gov]
- World Production and Reserves: Production Reserves 9
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2014
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(Data in million cubic meters of contained helium gas 1 unless otherwise noted)
during 2013 by private industry was about $930 million. Ten plants (five in Kansas, four in Texas, and one in Wyoming) extracted helium from natural gas and produced only a crude helium product that varied from 50% to 99% helium. Two plants (one in Colorado and one in Wyoming) extracted helium from natural gas and produced a Grade- A helium product. Six plants (four in Kansas, one in Oklahoma, and one in Texas) accepted a crude helium product from other producers and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) pipeline and purified it to a Grade-A helium product. Estimated 2013 domestic consumption of helium was 47 million cubic meters (1.8 billion cubic feet) and was used for cryogenic applications, 32%; for pressurizing and purging, 18%; for controlled atmospheres, 18%; for welding cover gas, 13%; leak detection, 4%; breathing mixtures, 2%; and other, 13%.
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 e Helium extracted from natural gas 2
75 71
73 77
Withdrawn from storage 3
40 53
59 60
52 Grade-A helium sales 118 128
130 133
129 Imports for consumption — —
— — Exports 4
71 77 82
85 82
Consumption, apparent 4, 5
47
51 48
48 47
Net import reliance 6 as a percentage of apparent consumption E E E E E Price: In fiscal year (FY) 2013, the price for crude helium to Government users was $2.44 per cubic meter ($67.75 per thousand cubic feet) and to nongovernment users was $3.03 per cubic meter ($84.00 per thousand cubic feet). The price for the Government-owned helium is mandated by the Helium Privatization Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–273). The estimated price range for private industry’s Grade-A gaseous helium was about $7.21 per cubic meter ($200 per thousand cubic feet), with some producers posting surcharges to this price.
liquid boiloff recovery systems are used. In Western Europe and Japan, helium recycling is practiced when economically feasible.
– 12): None.
Number Normal Trade Relations 12–31–13 Helium 2804.29.0010 3.7% ad val.
granted directly to helium.
all operations of the Cliffside Field helium storage reservoir, in Potter County, TX, and the Government’s crude helium pipeline system. The BLM no longer supplies Federal agencies with Grade-A helium. Private firms that sell Grade-A helium to Federal agencies are required to purchase a like amount of (in-kind) crude helium from the BLM. The Helium Privatization Act of 1996 mandated that all Federal Conservation helium stored in Bush Dome at the Cliffside Field be offered for sale, except 16.6 million cubic meters (600 million cubic feet).
In FY 2013, privately owned companies purchased about 4.1 million cubic meters (149 million cubic feet) of in-kind crude helium. In addition to this, privately owned companies also purchased 58.2 million cubic meters (2,100 million cubic feet) of open market sales helium. During FY 2013, the BLM’s Amarillo Field Office, Helium Operations (AMFO), accepted about 11.9 million cubic meters (430 million cubic feet) of private helium for storage and redelivered nearly 64.3 million cubic meters (2,320 million cubic feet). As of September 30, 2013, about 52.0 million cubic meters (1,440 million cubic feet) of privately owned helium remained in storage at Cliffside Field.
7 Uncommitted Authorized Disposal plan Disposals Material inventory for disposal FY 2013 FY 2013 Helium
305.5 305.5
64.1 56.1
Prepared by John E. Hamak 8 [(806) 356–1031, jhamak@blm.gov] 73 HELIUM Events, Trends, and Issues: In 2013, BLM continued to use a pricing mechanism based on the requirements of the Helium Privatization Act of 1996. During 2013, BLM helium prices to nongovernment buyers increased to $3.03 per cubic meter ($84.00 per thousand cubic feet) of gas delivered. By the end of the decade, international helium extraction facilities are likely to become the main source of supply for world helium uses. Seven international helium plants are in operation and more are planned for the next 3 to 5 years. Expansions to facilities are planned in Algeria and Qatar. Additionally, a new extraction facility associated with LNG production in Qatar is expected to be online within the next 2 years. In 2013, demand exceeded the ability of the BLM’s Crude Helium Enrichment Unit to supply its customers along the crude helium pipeline. As a result, the BLM allocated helium to the refiners along the pipeline. The shortage of helium and allocations are expected to continue in 2014 and may become greater as the storage reservoir production declines. Just before the end of the fiscal year, Congress passed the Helium Stewardship Act, which continued authorization of the Helium Program through at least 2021. The Act contains changes in how the BLM sells helium and the timing of those sales.
United States (extracted from natural gas) 73 77
3,900 United States (from Cliffside Field) 60 52
( 10 ) Algeria 15
15 1,800
Australia 4 4 NA Canada
NA NA
NA China
NA NA
NA Poland
3 3 25 Qatar 13
15 NA
Russia 6 5 1,700 Other countries NA NA
NA
World total (rounded) 174 171
NA
estimated to be 20.6 billion cubic meters (744 billion cubic feet). This includes 4.25 billion cubic meters (153.2 billion cubic feet) of measured reserves, 5.33 billion cubic meters (192.2 billion cubic feet) of probable resources, 5.93 billion cubic meters (213.8 billion cubic feet) of possible resources, and 5.11 billion cubic meters (184.4 billion cubic feet) of speculative resources. Included in the measured reserves are 0.67 billion cubic meters (24.2 billion cubic feet) of helium stored in the Cliffside Field Government Reserve, and 0.065 billion cubic meters (2.3 billion cubic feet) of helium contained in Cliffside Field native gas. The Hugoton (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas), Panhandle West, Panoma, Riley Ridge in Wyoming, and Cliffside Fields are the depleting fields from which most U.S.-produced helium is extracted. These fields contained an estimated 3.9 billion cubic meters (140 billion cubic feet) of helium.
Helium resources of the world, exclusive of the United States, were estimated to be about 31.3 billion cubic meters (1.13 trillion cubic feet). The locations and volumes of the major deposits, in billion cubic meters, are Qatar, 10.1; Algeria, 8.2; Russia, 6.8; Canada, 2.0; and China, 1.1. As of December 31, 2010, the AMFO had analyzed about 22,000 gas samples from 26 countries and the United States, in a program to identify world helium resources.
Argon can be substituted for helium in welding, and hydrogen can be substituted for helium in some lighter-than-air applications in which the flammable nature of hydrogen is not objectionable. Hydrogen is also being investigated as a substitute for helium in deep-sea diving applications below 1,000 feet.
e Estimated. E Net exporter. NA Not available. — Zero. 1 Measured at 101.325 kilopascals absolute (14.696 psia) and 15 °C; 27.737 cubic meters of helium = 1 Mcf of helium at 70 °F and 14.7 psia. 2 Both Grade-A and crude helium. 3 Extracted from natural gas in prior years. 4 Grade-A helium. 5 Defined as Grade-A helium – exports. 6 Defined as imports – exports + adjustments for Government and industry stock changes. 7 See Appendix B for definitions.
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9 See Appendix C for resource/reserve definitions and information concerning data sources.
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U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, February 2014
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