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Almaz H
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Almaz Hasangizi
INTRODUCTION
OF THE FOLKLORE STUDIES
Summary
Conducting researches on folklore in Azerbaijan started
approximately a hundred and fifty years ago. More precisely, if
we do not consider historial stories, travel stories, ancient
written monuments, folklore samples included in the
dictionaries and some limited information about them; it was
the late nineteenth century when the researches were initiated
on folk literature. However, for many years folklore studies
were not an object of special analysis, that is to say, they were
not included in the researches on the history of literature up
until the mid-twentieth century.
It is known that the first author of the history of
Azerbaijanian literature is considered to be Firudin bay
Kocharli. Folk literature was somewhat mentioned in his book
titled “The literature of Azerbaijani tatars” published in 1903
in Tbilisi. We have to mention that this book was re-published
during 1925-1926 under the name of “The materials of the
history of Azerbaijanian literature”.
There were also some information on folk literature
included during 1943-1944 in “Succinct Azerbaijanian
literature”, during 1957-1960 in “The history of Azerbaijanian
literature” (3 volumes), in 1967 in “The history of
Azerbaijanian soviet literature” (2 volumes).
As a continuation of this tradition, the first volume of
“The history of Azerbaijanian literature” (6 volumes), written
Folklorşünaslığa giriş
251
after Azerbaijan gained its independence, was dedicated to
folklore.
Systematic textbooks analyzing theoretical problems of
Azerbaijanian folklore studies were started to be published
from mid-twentieth century. Thus, Vagif Valiyev’s “Vocal
folklore of Azerbaijan” (1970) and “Azerbaijanian folklore”
(1985), as well as Pasha Afandiyev’s “Vocal folklore of
Azerbaijan” (1981) were published.
It is worth to mention that, it was impossible to research
folklore during Soviet governance as a result of censorship,
because researches in all fields had to comply with the
requirements of the socialist ideology. In fact, during Soviet
governance, all the textbooks (including non-humanitarian
sciences, as well as history) were written through translation
from Russian language. Of course, textbooks on Azerbaijanian
language and literature were written by our own specialists,
but they still reflected the spirit of “loyalty to the party”.
Therefore, most of the times such textbooks mentioned not the
books reflecting national ideology, but the books which
applauded socialism, as well as “bundle of words” said out of
obligation. Thus, right after Azerbaijan regained its
independence, a need rose to write the textbooks via
completely different outlook.
This approach showed its impact in the researches on
folklore as well. Professor Pasha Afandiyev, who was the
author of one of the textbooks on folklore studies during
Soviet governance, wrote on this matter the following, in his
book “Vocal folklore of Azerbaijan”, which he published in
1992,: “Suddenly the world changed, events went to other
direction. Many issues in the textbook (he means “Vocal
folklore of Azerbaijan” published in 1981 – A.H) did not
correspond to the new requirements any more. Soviet ideoloy
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