Ideas of Culture: ANTH 348
Paradigms/schools of thought:
Unilineal evolutionism
Historical/dialectical materialism
Historical particularism
Culture & personality
Functionalism – structural functionalism; biopsychological functionalism
People:
Tylor Mead
Morgan Benedict
Spencer Durkheim
Marx and Engels Boas
Radcliffe-Brown Evans-Pritchard
Kroeber Malinowski
Sapir
Some important concepts/ideas/terms:
Ethnical periods Psychic unity
The comparative method Historical particularism
The superorganic Collective conscience
Organic & mechanical solidarity Survivals
Social Fact Fieldwork Laws Kula
Falsifiability Induction/deduction
Possible short answer/essay questions:
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Summarize the most important ideas behind Herbert Spencer's organic analogy.
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What is historical/dialectical materialism and how does it explain sociocultural phenomena?
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Discuss the theoretical and methodological contributions made to anthropology by Franz Boas.
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What was the essence of "Kroeber's credo" as espoused in "The Eighteen Professions"
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What was the purpose of Mead's research in Samoa and New Guinea and how does it accord with Boas’ teachings?
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How do both Radcliffe-Brown’s examination of the mother’s brother and Evans-Pritchard’s discussion of Nuer sociopolitical organization reflect the premises of structural functionalism?
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Compare and contrast the functionalist approaches of A.R. Radcliffe-Brown and Bronislaw Malinowski. Discuss both similarities and differences.
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Compare and contrast the positions of the 19th century evolutionists with those of the historical particularists. What did the adherents of these two schools of thought seek to do and how did they go about these tasks?
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Why does Marvin Harris state that “given the condition of anthropology at the end of the 19th century, the one great reformatory movement that was necessary...to the further progress of the science of culture was precisely that which Boas initiated.”
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