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Insect Morphology and SystematicsInsect Morphology and SystematicsCephalic
appendages
.
Functions of Head
i.
Food ingestion
ii.
Sensory perception
iii.
Coordination of bodily activities
iv.
Protection of the coordinating centers
TYPES OF INSECT HEADS
Based on the inclination of long axis of the head and orientation of mouth parts there are
three types of insect heads.
1) HYPOGNATHOUS (Hypo
– below; gnathous – jaw)
This type is also called orthopteroid type. The long axis of the head is vertical. It is at right angles
to the long axis of the body. Mouth parts are ventrally placed and project downwards.
2) PROGNATHOUS (Pro- infront ; gnathous
– jaw)
This type is also called coleopteroid type. The long axis of the head is horizontal. It is in line with
the long axis of the body. Mouth parts are directed foreward. Eg: groung beetles.
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