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portation system and at a distance of 5-20 km
(Dil, 2004: 20).
In accordance with the requirements of
the current settlement areas, city parks are
grouped in the following ones. These are; bo-
tanical gardens, zoos, amusement parks, art
parks, historical parks and cultural parks.
Botanical gardens are areas where plants
available and non-available in some regions
are grown under specific conditions and pre-
sented to people. Here, plants are grown in
groups, and with signboards introducing each
one, it is explained what features, life, cul-
tivation and care conditions of plants are, in
which regions they grow up in normal condi-
tions.
The purpose of zoos is to give information by
presenting the kinds of animals non-available
in that region.
Amusement parks pay children’s attention
and also allow elders spend their free time
enjoyably.
Art parks are places in which works are
shown in open
fields and within the nature
Historical parks can be industrial-archeo-
logical fields from the Industrial Revolution
and environments outstanding persons lived
in early days, which include introductive and
instructive purposes.
The word “Kültürpark”, may be called Cul-
tural Parks in English language, is a termi-
nological usage peculiar to Turkey. Cultural
parks having great fields involve various ac-
tivities such as entertainment, exhibition, art,
training, etc. in their body as well as the na-
ture (Özdemir, 2009: 144-153)
Quality Criteria of City Parks
Urban green areas can be also described as
common usage fields organized by the city
administration units, with a view for people
to rest, go around, perform various recre-
ational activities and provide approaches to
the nature in cities.
Under the construction law, green areas are a
total of playgrounds, child gardens, recreation,
excursion, picnic, amusement and coast ar-
eas allocated for social benefits. Fairgrounds,
botanical gardens and zoos on a metropolitan
scale, and regional parks are included in these
areas (Dil, 2004: 20). Quality criteria in city
parks are divided into groups as followings
(Gehl, j., and Svarre, B., 2000: 27-30).
activity and usage (sub-criteria: variety),
availability (sub-criteria: legibility),
comfort and image (sub-criteria: security
and maintenance)
socialization (sub-criteria: feeling of ten-
ure).
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ID:162 K:89
ISSN Print: 2148-8142 Online: 2148-4880
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Activity and Usage
Activities are fundamental building stones of
quality criteria. These are reasons which at-
tract users into parks. The sub-criteria of ac-
tivity and usage criteria is “
variety”.
It is im-
portant to have varieties in physical appear-
ances, activities and users within any park.
Different users comment on locations in sev-
eral ways, attribute different meanings to lo-
cations due to different activities, forms and
persons in their current environment (Bentley
vd., 1993: 27). In the evaluation process of
“activities and usage fields” associated with
any park, the following parameters must be
dealt in. These ones are:
the opportunities to users for participating
in
different activities in,
the existence of groups consisting of di-
verse users (partners, families, friends,
etc.) in,
the remarkability for visiting any park on
different time of days and years,
the physical design and arrangement of
any park,
park usage during the night,
the management dimension of any park
(Özkır, 2007: 16-20).
Availability
About the availability of any park, convenient
and easy access to the park is required at first.
Access to the park can be achieved in pedes-
trian and various transportation vehicles such
as private vehicles, bicycles or public trans-
portation vehicles.
The second significant issue of availability is
to have correct links of ways in the park and
around the park. Easiness of transportation is
related with linking models of ways within
the park (Baljon, 1992: 65). Links around and
within the park play important roles in creat-
ing a functional unity between inside and out-
side the park. Direct guiding increases avail-
ability and diversifies usage opportunities
(Lynch, 1984: 134). In the evaluation process
of “availability” criteria associated with any
park, the following parameters must be taken
into consideration (Gehl, j., and Svarre, B.,
2000: 27-30):
the clarity of the park plan to ones using
the park for the first time,
the visibility of the park field from outside,
the clarity of entry and exit points at the
park,
the guideness of ways and footpaths in
many ways,