61
Suruş newspaper as Dihoda being the chief editor after a
dispute with Sayyid Hasan in June of 1909 but it lasted for
only fourteen issues.
140
Besides its organizational efforts, Encümen-i Saadet
launched an aid campaign for the Tabriz resistance;
contributed to public opinion in Europe, particularly France
and Britain, in favor of constitutionalists by reporting on the
developments in Iran all over Europe and creating a reaction
against the Shah; elaborated on problems of migrants,
mobilizing volunteers who wished to join the Tabriz
resistance and sending them over to Caucasia, sent letters
and telegrams to Iraqi ulema in order for them to take action
against the Shah
141
; organized demonstrations outside
embassies of Britain, France and Germany to protest their
attitude in Iran.
142
Furthermore, trying to build cooperation
between Encümen constitutionalists, other Young Turks,
Armenians, Azerbaijani Turks and Iranians, it organized
meetings for this purpose. It even organized a meeting in
Odeon movie theater in Istanbul in order to evaluate the
developments in Iran and develop cooperation between
Iranians
and
to
establish
closer
ties
with
the
constitutionalists. Many constitutionalists including Ahmed
Riza attended this meeting. Despite the rumors that
Encümen-i Saadet opened offices in Trabzon, Erzurum and
140
For publishing of Suruş newspaper and passionate writing of Dihoda
that gave a boost to constitutionalists, see Melekzâde, op.cit., Vol: V, p.
1141; also for Suruş Thierry Zarone, “Ali Akbar Dihkhudî et le Journal
Surush d’Istanbul (Juin- Novembre 1909)”, Les Iraniens d’İstanbul, pp.
243- 251.
141
A telegram signed by Mirza Halil, Kazım Horasan and Abdullah
Mazendarani and sent to Mohammad Ali Shah was also sent to
constitutionalists in Istanbul and published in Şems, media organ of the
committee.
(The content is not known as the telegram is not readable) Güzide-yi
Esnad-e İran va Osmanî, 1324-1343 h./ h.ş.1284- 1303 /m.1905-1924
(Devran-e Kaçariyye), Tahran, 1375 (1996), Vol: 7, p. 11.
142
Hamid Algar, “Anjoman-e Saadat”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Ed. Ehsan
Yarshater, London/New York, 1987, Vol.: II, p. 89. Melekzâde quotes
from Memakani and states that cooperation between the Iraqi Shiite ulema
and the Committee was established with the efforts of Sheikh Selim
Tabrizi and Hacı Sheikh Esadullah Memakani; the ulema was in favor of
the Committe of Union and Progress; he facilitated humanitarian and
material aid and the Najaf ulema transffered data on developments in Iran
to Istanbul, op.cit., Vol: V, pp. 1015-1018. For meetings and speeches
attended by Iranian, Armenian groups and Prince Sabahattin, see
Dawlatabadi, Hayat-ı Yahya, Vol: III, pp. 38-40; also, Melekzade, Vol: V,
pp. 1023- 1025.
62
İzmir, sources could not verify them. However, this is a
possibility because it is known that assistance to the Tabriz
resistance was provided over Trabzon and Erzurum route.
There are more organizations founded by Iranians in
Istanbul, about which there is not much information. Some
correspondence shows that Encümen-I İttihat and Terakki-yi
İraniyan der İstanbul were two of these organizations that
were said to have been founded after arrival of opponents
such as Takizade and Terbiyet in Istanbul in 1909.
143
As it
can be inferred from the organization’s name, there were in
line with the founders of the Committee of Union and
Progress and that they had sought their support. This
organization was possibly active. In fact, Takizade group
had established close ties with various groups in Iran,
particularly in north Iran such as socialists and local national
executive committees and were in cooperation. Turks of
Iranian Azerbaijan such as Takizade, Resulzade, Terbiyet
and Sheikh Hıyabani were active personalities in Azerbaijan
Social Democratic Party. However, their ideology was based
on nationalism. They were strict nationalists both in Iran and
Azerbaijan. Besides Encümen-i İttihat ve Terakki, Iranian
women in Istanbul founded an association called Zenan-ı
İraniyyan following the example of organizational efforts by
Ottoman women such as Halide Edip, Şadiye Hanım, Fatma
Aliye, Sabiha Hanım and Nezihe Muhiddin after the second
constitutional period. This association published notices
supporting the Tabriz resistance and critisizing the tyranny
of Mohammad Ali Shah through several protest activities.
144
Many Iranian historians studying Iran constitutional
history have spoken of Encümen-i Saadet with praise due to
its efforts to unite Iranians in Istanbul under one roof and its
attempt to influence outcomes of developments in Iran.
145
143
The first report on the establishment of Encümen-i İttihat ve Terakki-ye
İraniyan in the Ottoman press was published by İkdam on 12 Şaban 1326
(9th September 1908). Also after all committees united, it was renamed as
Encümen-i İtthat ve Terakki-yi İraniyyan and there were proposal to found
a central organization in order to build better cooperation with the
Committee of Union and Progress, see op.cit., Vol: III, pp. 34, 65.
144
Parvin Paidar, Women and The Political Process in Twentieth-Century
Iran, Cambridge, 1995, p.57
145
For example, Kesrevi states that “it cherished confidence in Tabriz
people”, Tarih-i Meşruta-yı İran, p. 724;
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