Karl Marx and the Anarchists Paul Thomas
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Index Abramsky, Chimen, 264 alien politics, 16, 56-122, 350 Allgemeiner Deutsche Arbeiterverein (ADA), see General German Workers’ Association Althusser, Louis, 111-12 American General Council, 328 anarchism, 128-34, 344; and Bakunin, 249, 281 ff., 288-90, 351; defined, 7; distinguished from Marxism, 2; doctrine, 3, 4, 7, 8, 348, 352; dualism of, 10, 348; Marx’s hostility to, 21-2,see also Marx, dispute with Bakunin; Max Stirner’s theories of, 12 5-74; Proudhon’s theories of, 165-248, 293-8; as revolutionary social movement, 1 70, 250, 3’52; rival ideology to Marxism, 14 Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism: Selected Writings by Marx, Engels and Lenin, vii Anarchism (Woodcock), 4, 4 n.3 anarchists, Marx’s disputes with, vii, 2, 4, 7, 14, 15, 56, 351 Anarchists, The (Joll), 4, 4 n.2 anarcho-syndicalism, 194, 244, 298 Annenkov, Pavel V., ix, 193,213, 245, 285 anti-communism, 184, 187,212 antinomies, 214-15 anti-Semitism, 186, 211, 296, 312 Apter, David, 7, 7 n.8 Arblaster, Anthony, 1 n.l L 'Armee nouvelle (Jaures), 1 86 artist, subordination of in capitalist society, 154 Assembly of Estates, 58-9, 62 authoritarianism, 76, 207, 209, 299, 320, 332; vs. authority, 16 authority (state): distinction between power and, 16; recomposition not removal of, 180, 182 Avineri, Shlomo, 41 n.15, 95 n.78, 98,112,120,188,241,349 Babeuf, Francois Noel (1760-97), 212 Babouvists, 212 Bakunin, Mikhail (1 814-76), ix, 9, 10, 14, 17, 2 5,44, 56-7, 77, 108, 111, 134,140,176,179,192,207,214, 280-300, 348; activities of fol- lowers in Spain, 317-19; annihil- ation of society, 288-90, 297-8; attacks on by Marx, 14, 249-340, 351-2; career prior to conflict with Marx, 280-2; character and convic- tions, 280-300; differences from Proudhon, 297-300; expulsion from International, 327; as revol- utionary, 281ff., 336-40, 343; entry into the International, 302-9 Barcelona, General Congress, 318 Basel Congress (1 869), 2 54, 307-1 1, 320 Bauer, Bruno (1809-82), 56-7, 64-5, 6 8, 70, 73, 77, 138, 161, 242 Bauer, Edgar, 56, 192, 196, 200 Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832), 10, 128 Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 8n.l0, 128, 181 n.14, 286-7 Bismarck, Prince Otto von (1815-98), 238, 239, 263, 274, 335, 344 Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-82), 180,182,184,212,213,239 Blanqui, Louis-Auguste (1805-81), 121, 180,212,299, 337 Blanquists, 261, 263, 277, 329, 331, 332 Bloch, Ernst, 11 Bologna Conference, 326 Bolte, Friedrich, 109 n.92, 325, 347 Bonaparte, Louis and Jerome, 193, 236-9, 256, 263, 299, 344 Bonapartism: Marx against, 85-93, 274, 344; Proudhon and, 186 236-7 bourgeois society (state), 2, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 22, 37, 38, 62, 67, 71-6, bourgeois society (cont.) 82ff„ 142, 14Sff„ 161, 182, 213, 230, 231-2; Marx’s opposition to, 78, 120, 147-9, 161-4; see also civil society Bray, John, 230-1 Brazill, William, 126-7 Brenan, Gerald, 9, 9 n.13, 318, 319 Brussels Congress (1868), 303, 306, 310 Buonarroti, Philippe Michel (1761- 1837), 110-11 bureaucracy, 3, 52, 58-9, 61, 64, 98 bureaucratic state, 98, 99, 106 Burke, Edmund (1729-97), 32 Cabet, Etienne, 195, 212, 213 Capital (1867) (Marx), 76, 147, 194, 264, 279, 302 capitalism, 3, 4, 11, 25, 37, 47-8, 75, 99, 104, 116-17, 155, 171, 179, 183-4, 202-3, 295, 297, 316 capitalist society, see bourgeois society Carnets (Proudhon), 176, 187 Carr, E.H., 253, 287, 299, 307, 309, 311,316 Chartists, 261, 332 Christianity, 131-3, 138, 145; Bruno Bauer’s break with, 135 citizenship, 62, 67, 69, 71, 74; in a modern state, S3 citoyen distinguished from bourgeois and homme, 37, 61, 68, 132, 145, 161 civil society, 11, 21-4, 26, 58,105; and poverty, 44-6; and the state, 21-4, 31-44,51-3,58-9,61-3, 66-73, 78, 351, see also bourgeois society Civil War in France, The (Marx), 93, 95, 97, 104, 105, 107, 319, 320, 346 class, bourgeois, see bourgeois society class consciousness, 12, 85 class despotism, 84, 93 class differences, 41, 85 class relationships in French Society, 86-92 class, ruling, 86, 87, 92, 93, 97, 98 Class Struggles in France, The (Marx), 85, 105, 193 class, working, 5, 6, 97, 107, 108, 110-11, 113, 179, 255, 262-3, 266, 267-80, 273-5,310,332-3, 346,347 Cohn-Bendit, Daniel, 4, 4 n.5, 6, 6 n.6 Cohn-Bendit, Gabriel, 4, 4 n.5 Cole, G.D.H., 255, 262, 279, 309 commerce, 42-3 communism, 3, 5, 6, 25, 1 16, 143, 147, 154, 195, 213, 235, 303-4; and self-activity, 164-74;see also self-activity Communist League, 205, 257 community, 22, 27, 31, 33, 34, 63, 164, 169, 3SO; Marxist, 11, 12; nature of, 21, 23-5, 51, 53 Conference of Delegates, 320, 321, 334,345,346 Confession (1851) (Bakunin), 282, 284, 292, 299, 301 Confession of Faith of a Russian Social Democrat (Bakunin), 312 Confessions (1849) (Proudhon), 239 consciousness, 33, 131, 156-7; and relation to the world, 28-9 Considerant, Victor Prosper (1 SOS- 98), 186,187 contract, freedom of, 190-1, 202, 224, 243 Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, A (1859) (Marx), 194 co-operative movement, 262-3, 275-6 corporations (Hegel), 5 8-9 Correspondence (Proudhon), 223 Creation of Order in Humanity, The (Proudhon), 216 credit, free (people’s bank), 190, 193, 217, 238, 246, 276, 279 criminals and criminality, 144-7, 1 59 Critique of the Gotha Programme, The (1875) (Marx), 72-5, 98, 104, 105, 107, 120, 231, 274, 277, 333, 344, 346,350 Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (Marx), 42 n.25, 49 nn.36-9, 50, 57, 61, 62, 64, 65, 98, 102, 147, 162,339 Critique of Political Economy (1859) (Marx), 261 Critique of Practical Reason (Kant), 125 Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 215 Cuno, Theodor, 327 De la Capacite politique des classes ouvrieres (Proudhon), 298 De la Justice dans la revolution et dans I'Eglise (1858) (Proudhon);see Justice in the Revolution and the Church Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), 66, 69 democratic state, 59, 73-4 depoliticization, 103 Descartes, Rene' (1596-1650), 131 Deutsche Jahrbiicher, 289 dialectics, 214-23; of labour, 24, 48-50; Manichaean, 3, 214, 348 n. Division of Labour in Society, The (1893) (Durkheim), 155 maex ^tui dualism, 10, 22, 348, 348 n. Dupre, Louis, 223 Durkheim, £mile (18S8-1917), 155 economic life: antithesis of com- munity, 34; depoliticization of, 103 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1 844) (Marx), 3, 49, 53, 56, 60, 64, 68, 74, 101, 112, 114, 116, 120, 147, 153, 158, 160, 192-3, 195-6, 203,216 economics, see political economy egoism, 22, 27, 36, 39, 69-70, 128-34, 140, 142, 163, 213; of labour, 146-7, 149, 152-3, 155, 163;jee also solipsism Eigenheit (Stirner), 130, 133, 140, 142 Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bona- parte, The (1851-2) (Marx), 76, 85, 96, 100, 105, 118, 193 Eltzbacher, Paul, 145 emancipation, political, 11, 35, 63, 65-7, 72, 74-5, 103, 105, 161, 241, 279, 344; as distinct from ‘human’, see ‘On the Jewish Question’; proletarian, 231; religious, 65-6 Engels, Friedrich (1820-95), vii, 127,
Enlightenment, the, 7-11 passim, 26, 71, 110, 111, 159 Essence of Christianity, The (Feuer- bach), 134-5, 137 exploitation, 164, 189, 190, 213, 247 Fanelli, Giuseppe, 317n., 318, 319 Federal Council of Romance Switzer- land, 314 federalism, 179, 183 Federalism, Socialism and Anti- Theologism (Bakunin), 284, 294 Federation romande, 315, 316, 320, 326 Fernbach, David, 264, 346 feudalism, 118, 187;collapse of, 66, 91, 226 Feuerbach, Ludwig (1804-72), 56, 58, 70, 71, 101, 127, 131, 133, 136-9, 147, 148, 157, 170, 171, 176, 196, 199; Marx’s disavowing of, 170-1; religious influence on Marx, 101-2, 137-40 Fichte, Immanuel Hermann von (1797- 1879), 29, 127, 129, 281 Fictitious Splits in the International, The (Marx), 322, 324, 326 Findlay, J.N., 36, 36 n.l 1 Fleischmann, Eugene, 161 n.71 Fourier, Francois (1772-1837), 148,
freedom, 7, 9, 31, 32, 35, 50, 72, 104, 174, 177, 284, 332 French political system, 88-9 French Revolution, 1, 25, 41, 66, 80, 109, 110, 121, 188, 189 Fries, Jakob Friedrich (1773-1843), 32 General Council of the International, 252, 254, 260, 264-6, 271, 277-8, 305-7, 309-36; transfer to New York, 328 General German Workers’ Association, 234,238 General Idea of the Revolution (1851) (Proudhon), 193 Geneva Congress (1866), 266, 272-4, 276-80, 346 Geneva Peace Congress (186 7), 279, 280, 283, 303 German Ideology, The (1846) (Marx), 14, 22, 25, 52, 56, 57, 61, 64, 67, 75, 82, 99, 101-2, 1 12, 121, 125-6, 137-8, 140, 144, 147-8, 150, 152- 4,161-3,165-7, 170-2, 174, 186, 193, 195, 204, 216, 226, 229, 343, 349 German Romantics, 25-6, 37, 48, 11 5 German Workers’ Party, 72, 73, 107, 231 German Workers’ movement, 345 government, 175; abolition of, 213; function of, 33,35,38; see also state Griin, Karl, 176, 191, 196, 206, 207 Grundrisse (Marx), 119, 147, 167, 194, 203,226,231 Guerin, Daniel, 176, 185 Guillaume, James, 271, 279, 280, 301, 309, 327 Hague Congress (1872), 254, 265, 273, 309, 325-7, 329, 343, 352 Haller, Albrecht von (1708-77), 32 Hardenberg, Karl August, Fiirst von (1750-1822), 32 Hastetter, Richard, 301, 321 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770- 1831), 11, 14, 21-64, 199, 214, 216, 222-3, 281, 353; on civil society, 31-7; defence of war, 40- 2, 43-4; on dialectics of labour, 24, 48-50; on pauperism, 44-7; statism of, 21, 27, 32-5, 50-3; political philosophy, 21-5, 350-1; theories of government, 35-6; theories of property, 3S, 38-9, 60; theories of wealth, 39-40 Hegelian roots of Marxism, 21-55 Hegelian theorizing criticized, 126- 74 Helvetius, Claude Adrien (1715-71), 129 Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744- 1803), 29, 32 Herwegh, Georg (1817-75), 286 Herzen, Alexander (1812-70), 1, 177, 233, 282-3, 288, 290, 302, 312-13 Hess, Moses, 125 n.l, 127, 127 n.9, 311-12 Hirschmann, Albert, 42, 150 n.53, 350n. history, 179; place in development, 30-1 Hobbes, Thomas (1599-16 79), 42, 61, 70, 78-9, 129, 170 Holy Family, The (1845) (Marx and Engels), 60, 65, 191, 192-3, 195- 7, 204, 205, 215, 220, 224 Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-95), 288 Inaugural Address, see International Individual and His Own, The (1844) (Stirner), 25, 125-30, 132, 134-6, 176 individualism, 25-7, 37, 52, 174; Marxist, 11; moral, 30; radical, 25; and the state, 34 individuality, 10, 11, 21, 25-7, 37, 52-3, 127, 147, 154-70, 171, 174 inheritance, abolition of right to, 305, 310, 325 Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy (Steuart), 38 International, the, 13,14, 15,110, 113, 180, 194, 205, 210, 234, 237, 251, 254 n.7, 255, 264, 275-8, 279, 285, 291, 293, 298, 300, 301, 303, 309-36, 341, 346-7, 352; before Bakunin, 255-67; Congresses, see under Basel, etc.; decline and fall, 328-36, London Conference (1871), see Conference of Dele- gates; and Marx’s dispute with Bakunin, 14, 249-340, 351-2; and Marx’s dispute with Proudhon, 191-248; Marx’s Inaugural Address, 260-4, 266, 269, 301; Rules and Preamble, 261, 269-70, 320-3, 327,346 International Alliance of Social Democ- racy (1868), 304-8, 315, 318, 322, 325, 327 international correspondence com- mittees, 205, 206 International Exhibition (London) (1862), 256 International Working Men’s Associ- ation, see International interest, 202-4, 227, 246 Jacobins, 181-2, 277 Jaures, Jean (1859-1914), 1 86 Jewish Question, The (1843) (Bauer), 64-5 Jews, rights of, 65 Jolin, Annette, 45 n.25, 57 n.l Joll, James, 4, 126 n.6, 180, 1 86 July Monarchy, 87 Jura Federation, 316-22 passim, 324, 326,334 justice, 183, 187, 217, 218, 223 Justice in the Revolution and the Church (1858) (Proudhon), 186, 205, 214 Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804), 26, 29, 36,41, 42, 52, 125, 214-15 Karl Marx: His Life and Environment (Berlin), ix Karl Marx: His Life and Thought (McLellan), ix, 13 n.19 Kelly, George Armstrong, 32 n.7, 48 n.3S Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946), 43 n.19 Knouto-Germanic Empire and the Social Revolution, The (1 870-1) (Bakunin), 286 Krannick, Isaac, 10 nn.15 and 16 Kropotkin, Prince Peter (1842-1921), 4, 288 Kugelmann, 194, 238, 272, 326 labour: dialectics of, 24, 48-50; division of, 2, 53-4, 64, 72, 147-54, 158, 163, 169, 217, 228-9; supposed egoism of, 146-7, 149, 152-3, 155, 163; exploitation of, 164, 190; Proudhon’s glorification of, 180; as measure of value, 189, 202, 227, 229-30; personalization of, 15 5, 196; as self-realization, 158, 174; Smithian concept, 120, 149-52; specialization of, 155 labour movement, 230, 317 labour to organize downfall of political power and capital, 184 Lafargue, Paul, 223, 271, 279 Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-64), 73, 77, 78, 230, 231, 233-9 passim, 242, 337 Lassalleans, 263, 269, 302, 332 Lausanne Congress, 273, 277-80 Le Progres, 313, 314 Le Reveil, 312 Le Travail, 314 League of the Just, 205, 256 League of Peace and Freedom: Geneva Congress (1867), 279, 280, 283, 298, 303-4; Bern Congress (1868), 303, 305 Lectures on Aesthetics (Hegel), 158 Ledru-Rollin, Alexander Auguste (1807-74), 239 L’igalite, 308, 313, 314, 315 legislation, basis of, 23 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924), 77,111, 300 Letter tp a Frenchman (Bakunin), 289 liberal tradition, 7-8, 3 5 liberalism (German), 125; political, 132,186,213, 241, 344 liberty, 8, 8 n.10, 10-11, 204-5 Lichtheim, George, 186, 290 Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 238, 311,318 Ligue du Bien Publique, 314 Lobkowicz, Nicolas, 170 Locke, John (1632-1704), 8, 35, 42, 159 London Conference, see Conference of Delegates London General Council, see General Council of the International London Trades Council, 256, 264 McLellan, David, 129, 135 Maenchen-Helfen, Otto, 25 8, 265 n.33, 266, 266 n.34, 267, 328 Mandeville, Bernard de (1670-1733), 129,149 Manichaeanism: dialectics, 3, 214; dualism, 348, 348n. Manifesto of the Communist Party, The (1 848) (Marx), 60, 64, 76, 82-5, 89,99, 193,220,257,259 Marcuse, Herbert, 6, 53 n.42, 112 market mechanism, 103 Marx-Engels Cpllected Works, ix Marx-Engels Selected Correspondence, 206 Marx, Karl (1818-83): against Bona- partism, 85-93, 274, 344; on cap- italism, 11, 25, 37, 47-8, 75, 99, 104, 116-17, 155, 171; on capital- ist society, 78, 120, 147-9, 161-4; on civil society, see civil society; dispute with anarchists, vii, 2, 4, 7 14, 1 5, 56, 351; dispute with Bakunin, 14, 249-340, 351-2; dis- pute with Proudhon, 191-248; dis- pute with Proudhonists, 267-80; dispute with Stimer, 14, 56, 125- 74, 361 n.2; espousal of revolution- ary communism, 16 5-9; hostility to anarchism, 21-2; Inaugural Address at the International, 260-4,266, 269, 301; influence of Feuerbach on, 101-2, 137-40; influence of Rousseau on, 11,61; joins the International, 256-7; and the modern state, 51-3, 75-85; opposi- tion to indiscriminate revolutionary violence, 140-4, 343 ; on pauperism, 80-2; philosophy of compared with Hegel’s, 21 -64; politics, view of, 12, 78, 343-4, 347-8; praise of the Commune, 94-100; on property, 59-61, 64, 66; on religion, 65-6, 70-1; on the state, see state; theory of alienation, 56-122; theory of class, 85-92 Marxism: claims to completeness, 1; and community, 11,12,21-4; economic theory, 150, 213; claims to finality, 1; Hegalian roots of, 21-55; individualism, see individual- ism; individuality; rival ideology to anarchism, 14; see also Marx, Karl Marxism-Leninism, 84 Mazzini, Giuseppe (1 805-72), 186, 301,307,319-20 Mazzinians, 258, 261, 269, 332 mechanization, 2, 3 Mehring, Franz, 192 Metternich, Prince Clemens Lothar Wenzel (1773-1859), 10 Mezaros, Istvan, 242 Mill, John Stuart (1806-73), 302 Middle Ages, 62-3, 67, 102, 103 Miliband, Ralph, 77, 77 n.34 money, 64 monopoly, 1, 2, 221; of political power, 178, 1 84 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron (1689-1755), 26, 29, 29 n.2, 42, 42 n.l 8 morality, 1 79, 1 83 Napoleon III, 85, 193 Napoleonic rationalization of German Law, 32 National Assembly, French, 239 National Congress of Italian Socialists (at Rimini), 326 National Federal Council, 264-5 Nechaev, Sergei, 284, 287, 290, 292, 293, 293 n., 299, 300, 325, 327-8 Neue Rheinische Zeitung, 1 93, 300 Nicholaevsky, Boris, 258, 265 n.33, 266, 266 n.34, 267, 328 Nozick, Robert M., 8, 8 n.9 Oakeshott, Michael, 175 O’Malley, Joseph, 162, see also Notes pp. 356-8 ‘On the Jewish Question’ (1 843) (Marx), 16, 54-8 passim, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 74-6 passim, 89, 97, 101, 103, 105, 109, 132, 134- 9 passim, 163, 181, 231, 241, 242, 274,339,344 One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse), 6 Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, The (1881) (Engels), 84 Owenites, 261, 322 Paepe, Cesar de, 278-80, 316, 347 Paris Commune (1871), 93-100, 95 n.79, 107, 19^ , 250, 274, 285, 319, 324, 329, 333, 336 Passions and the Interests, The (Hirschmann), 42, 350 n.21 pauperism, 24, 41, 44-6, 144-7, 159; and the state, 146 peasantry, 90, 186, 247, 290 petty bourgeois, 186, 234-7, 245-8; Proudhon as, 24 5-8 Phenomenology of Mind, The (Hegel), 27-8, 29, 31, 36, 41,48,49, 153, 158 Philosophy of Poverty, see System of Economic Contradictions Philosophy of Right, The (Hegel), 22-8 passim, 30-3 passim, 37, 41, 44, 46, 57-9 passim, 62, 63, 68, 101, 117 Plato, 54, 149-51; Republic, 54, 1 50 Political Capacity of the Working Classes (1865) (Proudhon), 180, 218 Political Confession (Bakunin), 281 political consciousness, 24 political culture, 29 political economy, 196-201, 204,
‘political emancipation’, 11, 35, 63, 65-7, 72, 74-5, 103, 105, 161, 241, 279, 344 political institutions, 23, 28, 33, 58 political instrumentalism, 26, 33, 182 political liberalism, 132, 186, 213, 241, 344 political life, 58; contours and struc- tures of, 1,28 political power, 178, 295 political self-determination, 33, 36, 37, 39, 174 political state, 22, 32 political theory, 5, 29 political thought, fundamentals of, 1 political transformation, 259-60 politics: alien, 16, 56-122, 350; Marx’s conception, 12, 78, 343-4 Poujadism, 187 poverty, 44-6; see also pauperism Poverty of Philosophy, The (I Ml) (Marx), ix, 14, 61, 118, 180, 192, 193, 195-6, 204, 209, 210, 213,
230, 231, 234, 235, 258 power, distinction between authority and, 16 productive forces, 3, 164, 166 proletariat, 182, 195, 197-8, 199, 215, 231, 235, 252, 259, 290-1, 338-9, 349-50 property: abolition of private, 60, 66, 116, 120, 184, 194-5; private, 58-61, 64, 71, 72, 92, 163-4, 197-8, 201, 204, 215; rights, 35, 37-9; as theft, 181, 188, 213 Protestantism, 132 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph (1809-65), 10, 14, IS, 25, 26, 56-7, 60, 77, 78, 116, 119, 140, 141, 290, 293, 348; anti-communist, 184, 187,
differences from Bakunin, 297-300; hostility to revolutionary political action, 177, 1 83-4, 208; hostility to the state, 175-85; hostility to strikes, 182, 186; hostility to system, 187; as moralist, 179, 183, 189, 240; as ‘petty bourgeois’, 245- 8; writings of, ix, 176, 187, 366 n.3, see also under titles Proudhonists, 261, 263, 264, 267-80, 293, 325, 346 Prussia, 32, 64, 65 quantification, 2, 3 radical upsurge of late 1960s, 4-5 rationalism, 31 rationalization, 3, 26; Napoleonic, 32 rebellion, see revolution religion, 64, 138-9, 197, 276, 297; restoration of, 92; suppression of,
revolution, 5, 6, 13-15, 93, 96, 106,
76, 96, 107, 342-4; as a vocation, 172-3; Young Hegelian’s bogus revolutionism, 171; see also French Revolution Revolution of 1848, 92, 239-40 revolutionary organization, 130, 141, 144,163 revolutionary proletariat, 166, 168-9, 349 revolutionary workers’ movement, 106,307 Riazanov, David, 276 Ricardo, David (1772-1823), 36, 1 14, 189, 201, 228-31, 235, 243 rights of man, 55, 69-70 Rodbertus, Johann Karl (1805-75), 230 Romantics (German), 25-7, 37, 48, 116, i 53 Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-78), 11, 37,61,104,109,110,111,144,236 Rubel, Maximilien, 193 n.39, 1 94 n.43, 223, 237 nn. 130, 131, 241 Ruge, Arnold (1802-80), 59, 77, 106, 107, 127, 130, 135 ‘Saint Max’, 125, 140, 144, 156, 160 Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, Comte de (1760-1825), 104, 153, 178, 180, 199,247,306,325 Sand, George (1 804-76), 1 84-5 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 6 Savigny, Friedrich Karl von (1779- 1861), 32 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854), 32 Schumpeter, J., 42, 42 n.17 Schweitzer, Johann Baptist von, ix, 188 n.29, 191 n.35, 198-9, 214, 216,233-4, 269 science, 234-6, 286 Second French Empire, 96, 97 Second International, 264 Second French Republic, 239 Second Treatise on Civil Government (Locke), 8 self-activity, 11, 147, 149, 158, 159, 164-74 self-assertion, 26, 27, 37, 39 self-determination, 33, 36, 37, 39, 174 self-knowledge, 159 separatism, 1 78, 1 79, 1 83, 1 87, 244 Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph, Comte (1748-1836), 200 Sismondi, Jean Charles (1773-1862), 114,201 Smith, Adam (1 723-90), 8, 36, 38, 42-3, 53-5, 149-52,201 social: collectivity, 1 82; injustice, 2 Social Contract, The (1762) (Rousseau), 61,109 Social-Democrat, 233, 269 social force, 35, 71 social order, 176, 178, 185, 187; Proudhon’s desire for, 176ff. Social Revolution as Demonstrated by the Coup d'Etat of the Second of December (1852) (Proudhon), 193 socialism, 1, 7, 73, 196, 213, 235, 291, 297, 303; ‘authoritarian’, 207 Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1887) (Engels), 84 society, see bourgeois; civil solipsism, 27, 155, 163, 174 Sonvilliers Circular, 321, 323, 324, 342 Spain, beginnings of anarchism, 31 7-19 Spanish Regional Federation of the International, 318-19 Spinoza, Baruch (1632-77), 129 state, the: abolition of, 2, 8, 9, 11, 16, 23, 96,176,295, 310; bureaucratic, 98, 99; and civil society, 21-4, 31- 44, 51-3,58-9,61-3,66-73, 78, 3 51; Hegelian view of, 21,27,31-5; immorality of, 8-9; and individual- ism, 34; Marx’s views on, 75-85, 92, 100-22, 342; as mediating, ethical agency, 22, 34; modern form, 50-3, 63-4, 65, 75-85, 348; Proudhon’s hostility to, 175-85; revolution against, 2, 16, 76, 96, 1 07, 342-4; role of, 78; secular, 56, 64-5, 68, 73; social injustice, 2; war waging, 34, 40-1; see also political state; theory of state State and Revolution, The (Lenin), 77, 84 Statism and Anarchy (1873) (Bakunin), 336-8, 341 Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Carl, Baron von (1757-1831), 32 Steuart, Sir James, 36, 38, 42 Stirner, Max (pseud, of Johann Kaspar Schmidt) (1806-56), ix, 11, 14, 25 26, 56-7, 71, 77, 1 12, 121, 196, 226, 249, 288, 289, 293, 342, 343, 348; attacks on by Marx, 14, 56, 125-74, 361 n.2; as canonizer of history, 1 56-7; compared with Proudhon, 176, 179, 1 83, 187; criticism of Feuerbach, 134-40 Strauss, David Friedrich (1 808-74), 131 strikes, 182, 186, 263,276,309 subjectivity, 26, 2 7, 36 Swiss National Federal Council (the Geneva Federation), 308, 309 System of Economic Contradictions or Philosophy of Poverty, The (1 846) (Proudhon), 180, 193, 207, 209, 210,211,213,214,215,218,223, 224,235 system, Proudhon’s hostility to, 187 Ten Hours Act (1 847), 262, 273, 349 Theories of Surplus Value (1 861 -3) (Marx), 114, 194,203,246 theorizing, 5, 12, 13, 285-6 theory of the state, 75-85, 92, 100-22 Theses on Feuerbach (Marx), 28, 101, 109, 111, 139. 159 Tolain, Henri-Louis (1828-97), 267, 271, 277, 278, 310 To My Italian Friends (Bakunin), 319-20 Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude Destutt, Comte de (1754-1836), 201 trade unions, 111, 182, 213, 255-6, 264, 275, 278, 302 ‘True Socialists’, 140 universal suffrage, 59, 90, 97, 238, 241,344 Universal Republican Alliance, 302 Utin, Nicholas, 316, 320 value, 224-7; instrumental, 3; measured by labour, 189, 202, 228-30; Proudhon’s theory of, 189-91,223; surplus, 243; ‘use’ as opposed to ‘exchange’, 55, 150, 225, 228 Varlin, Eugene, 278, 279 Venturi, Franco, 284, 293 Vico, Giovanni Battista (1668-1744), 48 violence: espousal by Bakunin, 288-90, 297-8; means of transforming bad to good, 9, 10, 288-90; part of life, 44, 143; Proudhon’s aversion to, 177, 183-4, 187, 208; revolution- ary, 213, 240; state as means of, 176 Wages, Price and Profit (Marx), 117 war, Bakunin on, 291; Hegel’s defence of, 40-2, 43-4; Proudhon on, 185 wealth, SS, 1 50-1,215; concentration of, 44, 46; Hegel on, 39-40 Wealth of Nations, The (1776) (Smith), 151 Weber, Max (1864-1920), 29, 99 Weydermeyer, Joseph, 257, 350 Weil, Eric, 32 n.7 Weitling, Wilhelm, 110, 111, 140, 141, 195, 285, 290-1 What is Property ? (1840) (Proudhon), 188, 197-200, 212, 214, 215, 234, 242 What is the Third Estate? (1789) (Sieyes), 200 Wolin, Sheldon, 12, 12 n.17, 13 n.20, 42 Woodcock, Rt. Hon. George (1904-79), 4, 4 nn.3 and 4, 10 n.14, 184 n.18, 268, 283 workers’associations, 100, 112, 178, 182-3, 244 workers’control, 182-3, 194 Workers’ Educational Association, 205 working class, see class, working working-class movement, 237,239,345 Young Hegelians, 126-74, 176; see also Bauer, B.; Bauer, E.; Feuerbach; Hess; Stirner 3071 Yüklə 0,52 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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