Index
Abramsky, Chimen, 264
alien politics, 16, 56-122, 350
Allgemeiner Deutsche Arbeiterverein
(ADA), see General German
Workers’ Association
Althusser, Louis, 111-12
American General Council, 328
anarchism, 128-34, 344; and Bakunin,
249, 281 ff., 288-90, 351; defined,
7; distinguished from Marxism, 2;
doctrine, 3, 4, 7, 8, 348, 352;
dualism of, 10, 348; Marx’s hostility
to, 21-2,see also Marx, dispute
with Bakunin; Max Stirner’s theories
of, 12 5-74; Proudhon’s theories of,
165-248, 293-8; as revolutionary
social movement, 1 70, 250, 3’52;
rival ideology to Marxism, 14
Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism:
Selected Writings by Marx, Engels
and Lenin, vii
Anarchism (Woodcock), 4, 4 n.3
anarchists, Marx’s disputes with, vii, 2,
4, 7, 14, 15, 56, 351
Anarchists, The (Joll), 4, 4 n.2
anarcho-syndicalism, 194, 244, 298
Annenkov, Pavel V., ix, 193,213, 245,
285
anti-communism, 184, 187,212
antinomies, 214-15
anti-Semitism, 186, 211, 296, 312
Apter, David, 7, 7 n.8
Arblaster, Anthony, 1 n.l
L 'Armee nouvelle (Jaures), 1 86
artist, subordination of in capitalist
society, 154
Assembly of Estates, 58-9, 62
authoritarianism, 76, 207, 209, 299,
320, 332; vs. authority, 16
authority (state): distinction between
power and, 16; recomposition not
removal of, 180, 182
Avineri, Shlomo, 41 n.15, 95 n.78,
98,112,120,188,241,349
Babeuf, Francois Noel (1760-97), 212
Babouvists, 212
Bakunin, Mikhail (1 814-76), ix, 9, 10,
14, 17, 2 5,44, 56-7, 77, 108, 111,
134,140,176,179,192,207,214,
280-300, 348; activities of fol-
lowers in Spain, 317-19; annihil-
ation of society, 288-90, 297-8;
attacks on by Marx, 14, 249-340,
351-2; career prior to conflict with
Marx, 280-2; character and convic-
tions, 280-300; differences from
Proudhon, 297-300; expulsion
from International, 327; as revol-
utionary, 281ff., 336-40, 343;
entry into the International, 302-9
Barcelona, General Congress, 318
Basel Congress (1 869), 2 54, 307-1 1,
320
Bauer, Bruno (1809-82), 56-7, 64-5,
6 8, 70, 73, 77, 138, 161, 242
Bauer, Edgar, 56, 192, 196, 200
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832), 10,
128
Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 8n.l0, 128, 181
n.14, 286-7
Bismarck, Prince Otto von (1815-98),
238, 239, 263, 274, 335, 344
Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-82),
180,182,184,212,213,239
Blanqui, Louis-Auguste (1805-81),
121, 180,212,299, 337
Blanquists, 261, 263, 277, 329, 331,
332
Bloch, Ernst, 11
Bologna Conference, 326
Bolte, Friedrich, 109 n.92, 325, 347
Bonaparte, Louis and Jerome, 193,
236-9, 256, 263, 299, 344
Bonapartism: Marx against, 85-93,
274, 344; Proudhon and, 186
236-7
bourgeois society (state), 2, 7, 11, 12,
13, 16, 21, 22, 37, 38, 62, 67, 71-6,
bourgeois society (cont.)
82ff„ 142, 14Sff„ 161, 182, 213,
230, 231-2; Marx’s opposition to,
78, 120, 147-9, 161-4; see also
civil society
Bray, John, 230-1
Brazill, William, 126-7
Brenan, Gerald, 9, 9 n.13, 318, 319
Brussels Congress (1868), 303, 306,
310
Buonarroti, Philippe Michel (1761-
1837), 110-11
bureaucracy, 3, 52, 58-9, 61, 64, 98
bureaucratic state, 98, 99, 106
Burke, Edmund (1729-97), 32
Cabet, Etienne, 195, 212, 213
Capital (1867) (Marx), 76, 147, 194,
264, 279, 302
capitalism, 3, 4, 11, 25, 37, 47-8, 75,
99, 104, 116-17, 155, 171, 179,
183-4, 202-3, 295, 297, 316
capitalist society, see bourgeois society
Carnets (Proudhon), 176, 187
Carr, E.H., 253, 287, 299, 307, 309,
311,316
Chartists, 261, 332
Christianity, 131-3, 138, 145; Bruno
Bauer’s break with, 135
citizenship, 62, 67, 69, 71, 74; in a
modern state, S3
citoyen distinguished from bourgeois
and homme, 37, 61, 68, 132, 145,
161
civil society, 11, 21-4, 26, 58,105;
and poverty, 44-6; and the state,
21-4, 31-44,51-3,58-9,61-3,
66-73, 78, 351, see also bourgeois
society
Civil War in France, The (Marx), 93,
95, 97, 104, 105, 107, 319, 320,
346
class, bourgeois, see bourgeois society
class consciousness, 12, 85
class despotism, 84, 93
class differences, 41, 85
class relationships in French Society,
86-92
class, ruling, 86, 87, 92, 93, 97, 98
Class Struggles in France, The (Marx),
85, 105, 193
class, working, 5, 6, 97, 107, 108,
110-11, 113, 179, 255, 262-3,
266, 267-80, 273-5,310,332-3,
346,347
Cohn-Bendit, Daniel, 4, 4 n.5, 6,
6 n.6
Cohn-Bendit, Gabriel, 4, 4 n.5
Cole, G.D.H., 255, 262, 279, 309
commerce, 42-3
communism, 3, 5, 6, 25, 1 16, 143,
147, 154, 195, 213, 235, 303-4;
and self-activity, 164-74;see also
self-activity
Communist League, 205, 257
community, 22, 27, 31, 33, 34, 63,
164, 169, 3SO; Marxist, 11, 12;
nature of, 21, 23-5, 51, 53
Conference of Delegates, 320, 321,
334,345,346
Confession (1851) (Bakunin), 282,
284, 292, 299, 301
Confession of Faith of a Russian Social
Democrat (Bakunin), 312
Confessions (1849) (Proudhon), 239
consciousness, 33, 131, 156-7; and
relation to the world, 28-9
Considerant, Victor Prosper (1 SOS-
98), 186,187
contract, freedom of, 190-1, 202, 224,
243
Contribution to the Critique of Political
Economy, A (1859) (Marx), 194
co-operative movement, 262-3, 275-6
corporations (Hegel), 5 8-9
Correspondence (Proudhon), 223
Creation of Order in Humanity, The
(Proudhon), 216
credit, free (people’s bank), 190, 193,
217, 238, 246, 276, 279
criminals and criminality, 144-7, 1 59
Critique of the Gotha Programme, The
(1875) (Marx), 72-5, 98, 104, 105,
107, 120, 231, 274, 277, 333, 344,
346,350
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
(Marx), 42 n.25, 49 nn.36-9, 50,
57, 61, 62, 64, 65, 98, 102, 147,
162,339
Critique of Political Economy (1859)
(Marx), 261
Critique of Practical Reason (Kant),
125
Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 215
Cuno, Theodor, 327
De la Capacite politique des classes
ouvrieres (Proudhon), 298
De la Justice dans la revolution et dans
I'Eglise (1858) (Proudhon);see
Justice in the Revolution and the
Church
Declaration of the Rights of Man and
the Citizen (1789), 66, 69
democratic state, 59, 73-4
depoliticization, 103
Descartes, Rene' (1596-1650), 131
Deutsche Jahrbiicher, 289
dialectics, 214-23; of labour, 24,
48-50; Manichaean, 3, 214, 348 n.
Division of Labour in Society, The
(1893) (Durkheim), 155
maex ^tui
dualism, 10, 22, 348, 348 n.
Dupre, Louis, 223
Durkheim, £mile (18S8-1917), 155
economic life: antithesis of com-
munity, 34; depoliticization of, 103
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts
(1 844) (Marx), 3, 49, 53, 56, 60, 64,
68, 74, 101, 112, 114, 116, 120,
147, 153, 158, 160, 192-3, 195-6,
203,216
economics, see political economy
egoism, 22, 27, 36, 39, 69-70, 128-34,
140, 142, 163, 213; of labour,
146-7, 149, 152-3, 155, 163;jee
also solipsism
Eigenheit (Stirner), 130, 133, 140, 142
Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bona-
parte, The (1851-2) (Marx), 76, 85,
96, 100, 105, 118, 193
Eltzbacher, Paul, 145
emancipation, political, 11, 35, 63,
65-7, 72, 74-5, 103, 105, 161,
241, 279, 344; as distinct from
‘human’, see ‘On the Jewish
Question’; proletarian, 231;
religious, 65-6
Engels, Friedrich (1820-95), vii, 127,
-
205, 250, 261, 265, 302, 305,
327, 328
Enlightenment, the, 7-11 passim, 26,
71, 110, 111, 159
Essence of Christianity, The (Feuer-
bach), 134-5, 137
exploitation, 164, 189, 190, 213, 247
Fanelli, Giuseppe, 317n., 318, 319
Federal Council of Romance Switzer-
land, 314
federalism, 179, 183
Federalism, Socialism and Anti-
Theologism (Bakunin), 284, 294
Federation romande, 315, 316, 320,
326
Fernbach, David, 264, 346
feudalism, 118, 187;collapse of, 66,
91, 226
Feuerbach, Ludwig (1804-72), 56, 58,
70, 71, 101, 127, 131, 133, 136-9,
147, 148, 157, 170, 171, 176, 196,
199; Marx’s disavowing of, 170-1;
religious influence on Marx, 101-2,
137-40
Fichte, Immanuel Hermann von (1797-
1879), 29, 127, 129, 281
Fictitious Splits in the International,
The (Marx), 322, 324, 326
Findlay, J.N., 36, 36 n.l 1
Fleischmann, Eugene, 161 n.71
Fourier, Francois (1772-1837), 148,
-
199, 271, 272, 290
freedom, 7, 9, 31, 32, 35, 50, 72, 104,
174, 177, 284, 332
French political system, 88-9
French Revolution, 1, 25, 41, 66, 80,
109, 110, 121, 188, 189
Fries, Jakob Friedrich (1773-1843),
32
General Council of the International,
252, 254, 260, 264-6, 271, 277-8,
305-7, 309-36; transfer to New
York, 328
General German Workers’ Association,
234,238
General Idea of the Revolution (1851)
(Proudhon), 193
Geneva Congress (1866), 266, 272-4,
276-80, 346
Geneva Peace Congress (186 7), 279,
280, 283, 303
German Ideology, The (1846) (Marx),
14, 22, 25, 52, 56, 57, 61, 64, 67,
75, 82, 99, 101-2, 1 12, 121, 125-6,
137-8, 140, 144, 147-8, 150, 152-
4,161-3,165-7, 170-2, 174, 186,
193, 195, 204, 216, 226, 229, 343,
349
German Romantics, 25-6, 37, 48, 11 5
German Workers’ Party, 72, 73, 107,
231
German Workers’ movement, 345
government, 175; abolition of, 213;
function of, 33,35,38; see also
state
Griin, Karl, 176, 191, 196, 206, 207
Grundrisse (Marx), 119, 147, 167, 194,
203,226,231
Guerin, Daniel, 176, 185
Guillaume, James, 271, 279, 280, 301,
309, 327
Hague Congress (1872), 254, 265, 273,
309, 325-7, 329, 343, 352
Haller, Albrecht von (1708-77), 32
Hardenberg, Karl August, Fiirst von
(1750-1822), 32
Hastetter, Richard, 301, 321
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-
1831), 11, 14, 21-64, 199, 214,
216, 222-3, 281, 353; on civil
society, 31-7; defence of war, 40-
2, 43-4; on dialectics of labour, 24,
48-50; on pauperism, 44-7; statism
of, 21, 27, 32-5, 50-3; political
philosophy, 21-5, 350-1; theories
of government, 35-6; theories of
property, 3S, 38-9, 60; theories of
wealth, 39-40
Hegelian roots of Marxism, 21-55
Hegelian theorizing criticized, 126-
74
Helvetius, Claude Adrien (1715-71),
129
Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744-
1803), 29, 32
Herwegh, Georg (1817-75), 286
Herzen, Alexander (1812-70), 1, 177,
233, 282-3, 288, 290, 302, 312-13
Hess, Moses, 125 n.l, 127, 127 n.9,
311-12
Hirschmann, Albert, 42, 150 n.53,
350n.
history, 179; place in development,
30-1
Hobbes, Thomas (1599-16 79), 42, 61,
70, 78-9, 129, 170
Holy Family, The (1845) (Marx and
Engels), 60, 65, 191, 192-3, 195-
7, 204, 205, 215, 220, 224
Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-95),
288
Inaugural Address, see International
Individual and His Own, The (1844)
(Stirner), 25, 125-30, 132, 134-6,
176
individualism, 25-7, 37, 52, 174;
Marxist, 11; moral, 30; radical, 25;
and the state, 34
individuality, 10, 11, 21, 25-7, 37,
52-3, 127, 147, 154-70, 171, 174
inheritance, abolition of right to, 305,
310, 325
Inquiry into the Principles of Political
Economy (Steuart), 38
International, the, 13,14, 15,110, 113,
180, 194, 205, 210, 234, 237, 251,
254 n.7, 255, 264, 275-8, 279,
285, 291, 293, 298, 300, 301, 303,
309-36, 341, 346-7, 352; before
Bakunin, 255-67; Congresses, see
under Basel, etc.; decline and fall,
328-36, London Conference
(1871), see Conference of Dele-
gates; and Marx’s dispute with
Bakunin, 14, 249-340, 351-2; and
Marx’s dispute with Proudhon,
191-248; Marx’s Inaugural Address,
260-4, 266, 269, 301; Rules and
Preamble, 261, 269-70, 320-3,
327,346
International Alliance of Social Democ-
racy (1868), 304-8, 315, 318, 322,
325, 327
international correspondence com-
mittees, 205, 206
International Exhibition (London)
(1862), 256
International Working Men’s Associ-
ation, see International
interest, 202-4, 227, 246
Jacobins, 181-2, 277
Jaures, Jean (1859-1914), 1 86
Jewish Question, The (1843) (Bauer),
64-5
Jews, rights of, 65
Jolin, Annette, 45 n.25, 57 n.l
Joll, James, 4, 126 n.6, 180, 1 86
July Monarchy, 87
Jura Federation, 316-22 passim, 324,
326,334
justice, 183, 187, 217, 218, 223
Justice in the Revolution and the
Church (1858) (Proudhon), 186,
205, 214
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804), 26, 29,
36,41, 42, 52, 125, 214-15
Karl Marx: His Life and Environment
(Berlin), ix
Karl Marx: His Life and Thought
(McLellan), ix, 13 n.19
Kelly, George Armstrong, 32 n.7, 48
n.3S
Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946),
43 n.19
Knouto-Germanic Empire and the
Social Revolution, The (1 870-1)
(Bakunin), 286
Krannick, Isaac, 10 nn.15 and 16
Kropotkin, Prince Peter (1842-1921),
4, 288
Kugelmann, 194, 238, 272, 326
labour: dialectics of, 24, 48-50;
division of, 2, 53-4, 64, 72, 147-54,
158, 163, 169, 217, 228-9; supposed
egoism of, 146-7, 149, 152-3, 155,
163; exploitation of, 164, 190;
Proudhon’s glorification of, 180; as
measure of value, 189, 202, 227,
229-30; personalization of, 15 5,
196; as self-realization, 158, 174;
Smithian concept, 120, 149-52;
specialization of, 155
labour movement, 230, 317
labour to organize downfall of
political power and capital, 184
Lafargue, Paul, 223, 271, 279
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-64), 73,
77, 78, 230, 231, 233-9 passim,
242, 337
Lassalleans, 263, 269, 302, 332
Lausanne Congress, 273, 277-80
Le Progres, 313, 314
Le Reveil, 312
Le Travail, 314
League of the Just, 205, 256
League of Peace and Freedom: Geneva
Congress (1867), 279, 280, 283,
298, 303-4; Bern Congress (1868),
303, 305
Lectures on Aesthetics (Hegel), 158
Ledru-Rollin, Alexander Auguste
(1807-74), 239
L’igalite, 308, 313, 314, 315
legislation, basis of, 23
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924),
77,111, 300
Letter tp a Frenchman (Bakunin),
289
liberal tradition, 7-8, 3 5
liberalism (German), 125; political,
132,186,213, 241, 344
liberty, 8, 8 n.10, 10-11, 204-5
Lichtheim, George, 186, 290
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 238, 311,318
Ligue du Bien Publique, 314
Lobkowicz, Nicolas, 170
Locke, John (1632-1704), 8, 35, 42,
159
London Conference, see Conference of
Delegates
London General Council, see General
Council of the International
London Trades Council, 256, 264
McLellan, David, 129, 135
Maenchen-Helfen, Otto, 25 8, 265 n.33,
266, 266 n.34, 267, 328
Mandeville, Bernard de (1670-1733),
129,149
Manichaeanism: dialectics, 3, 214;
dualism, 348, 348n.
Manifesto of the Communist Party,
The (1 848) (Marx), 60, 64, 76,
82-5, 89,99, 193,220,257,259
Marcuse, Herbert, 6, 53 n.42, 112
market mechanism, 103
Marx-Engels Cpllected Works, ix
Marx-Engels Selected Correspondence,
206
Marx, Karl (1818-83): against Bona-
partism, 85-93, 274, 344; on cap-
italism, 11, 25, 37, 47-8, 75, 99,
104, 116-17, 155, 171; on capital-
ist society, 78, 120, 147-9, 161-4;
on civil society, see civil society;
dispute with anarchists, vii, 2, 4, 7
14, 1 5, 56, 351; dispute with
Bakunin, 14, 249-340, 351-2; dis-
pute with Proudhon, 191-248; dis-
pute with Proudhonists, 267-80;
dispute with Stimer, 14, 56, 125-
74, 361 n.2; espousal of revolution-
ary communism, 16 5-9; hostility to
anarchism, 21-2; Inaugural Address
at the International, 260-4,266,
269, 301; influence of Feuerbach
on, 101-2, 137-40; influence of
Rousseau on, 11,61; joins the
International, 256-7; and the
modern state, 51-3, 75-85; opposi-
tion to indiscriminate revolutionary
violence, 140-4, 343 ; on pauperism,
80-2; philosophy of compared with
Hegel’s, 21 -64; politics, view of,
12, 78, 343-4, 347-8; praise of the
Commune, 94-100; on property,
59-61, 64, 66; on religion, 65-6,
70-1; on the state, see state; theory
of alienation, 56-122; theory of
class, 85-92
Marxism: claims to completeness, 1;
and community, 11,12,21-4;
economic theory, 150, 213; claims
to finality, 1; Hegalian roots of,
21-55; individualism, see individual-
ism; individuality; rival ideology to
anarchism, 14; see also Marx, Karl
Marxism-Leninism, 84
Mazzini, Giuseppe (1 805-72), 186,
301,307,319-20
Mazzinians, 258, 261, 269, 332
mechanization, 2, 3
Mehring, Franz, 192
Metternich, Prince Clemens Lothar
Wenzel (1773-1859), 10
Mezaros, Istvan, 242
Mill, John Stuart (1806-73), 302
Middle Ages, 62-3, 67, 102, 103
Miliband, Ralph, 77, 77 n.34
money, 64
monopoly, 1, 2, 221; of political
power, 178, 1 84
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat,
Baron (1689-1755), 26, 29, 29 n.2,
42, 42 n.l 8
morality, 1 79, 1 83
Napoleon III, 85, 193
Napoleonic rationalization of German
Law, 32
National Assembly, French, 239
National Congress of Italian Socialists
(at Rimini), 326
National Federal Council, 264-5
Nechaev, Sergei, 284, 287, 290, 292,
293, 293 n., 299, 300, 325, 327-8
Neue Rheinische Zeitung, 1 93, 300
Nicholaevsky, Boris, 258, 265 n.33,
266, 266 n.34, 267, 328
Nozick, Robert M., 8, 8 n.9
Oakeshott, Michael, 175
O’Malley, Joseph, 162, see also Notes
pp. 356-8
‘On the Jewish Question’ (1 843)
(Marx), 16, 54-8 passim, 60, 61,
64, 65, 68, 70, 71, 74-6 passim, 89,
97, 101, 103, 105, 109, 132, 134-
9 passim, 163, 181, 231, 241, 242,
274,339,344
One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse), 6
Origin of the Family, Private Property
and the State, The (1881) (Engels),
84
Owenites, 261, 322
Paepe, Cesar de, 278-80, 316, 347
Paris Commune (1871), 93-100,
95 n.79, 107, 19^ , 250, 274, 285,
319, 324, 329, 333, 336
Passions and the Interests, The
(Hirschmann), 42, 350 n.21
pauperism, 24, 41, 44-6, 144-7, 159;
and the state, 146
peasantry, 90, 186, 247, 290
petty bourgeois, 186, 234-7, 245-8;
Proudhon as, 24 5-8
Phenomenology of Mind, The (Hegel),
27-8, 29, 31, 36, 41,48,49, 153,
158
Philosophy of Poverty, see System of
Economic Contradictions
Philosophy of Right, The (Hegel), 22-8
passim, 30-3 passim, 37, 41, 44,
46, 57-9 passim, 62, 63, 68, 101,
117
Plato, 54, 149-51; Republic, 54, 1 50
Political Capacity of the Working
Classes (1865) (Proudhon), 180,
218
Political Confession (Bakunin), 281
political consciousness, 24
political culture, 29
political economy, 196-201, 204,
-
221, 223-45
‘political emancipation’, 11, 35, 63,
65-7, 72, 74-5, 103, 105, 161,
241, 279, 344
political institutions, 23, 28, 33, 58
political instrumentalism, 26, 33, 182
political liberalism, 132, 186, 213,
241, 344
political life, 58; contours and struc-
tures of, 1,28
political power, 178, 295
political self-determination, 33, 36,
37, 39, 174
political state, 22, 32
political theory, 5, 29
political thought, fundamentals of, 1
political transformation, 259-60
politics: alien, 16, 56-122, 350; Marx’s
conception, 12, 78, 343-4
Poujadism, 187
poverty, 44-6; see also pauperism
Poverty of Philosophy, The (I Ml)
(Marx), ix, 14, 61, 118, 180, 192,
193, 195-6, 204, 209, 210, 213,
-
216, 218, 219, 225, 226,
230, 231, 234, 235, 258
power, distinction between authority
and, 16
productive forces, 3, 164, 166
proletariat, 182, 195, 197-8, 199,
215, 231, 235, 252, 259, 290-1,
338-9, 349-50
property: abolition of private, 60, 66,
116, 120, 184, 194-5; private,
58-61, 64, 71, 72, 92, 163-4,
197-8, 201, 204, 215; rights, 35,
37-9; as theft, 181, 188, 213
Protestantism, 132
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph (1809-65),
10, 14, IS, 25, 26, 56-7, 60, 77,
78, 116, 119, 140, 141, 290, 293,
348; anti-communist, 184, 187,
-
237; attacks on by Marx,
191-248, 342; criticism of his
doctrine and opinions, 176-7, 185-
6, 294, see also attacks, above;
differences from Bakunin, 297-300;
hostility to revolutionary political
action, 177, 1 83-4, 208; hostility
to the state, 175-85; hostility to
strikes, 182, 186; hostility to
system, 187; as moralist, 179, 183,
189, 240; as ‘petty bourgeois’, 245-
8; writings of, ix, 176, 187, 366 n.3,
see also under titles
Proudhonists, 261, 263, 264, 267-80,
293, 325, 346
Prussia, 32, 64, 65
quantification, 2, 3
radical upsurge of late 1960s, 4-5
rationalism, 31
rationalization, 3, 26; Napoleonic, 32
rebellion, see revolution
religion, 64, 138-9, 197, 276, 297;
restoration of, 92; suppression of,
-
6, 295; see also Christianity;
Protestantism
religious alienation, 65-6, 101
religious freedom 132
Republic, the Second French (1848-51),
233, 239
revolution, 5, 6, 13-15, 93, 96, 106,
-
341-3; Bakunin’s creed of
complete annihilation, 288-90,
297-8; compared with Stirner’s
‘rebellion’, 140-4; emancipation
by, 163; and its origin in the mind,
161; to overthrow the state, 2, 26,
76, 96, 107, 342-4; as a vocation,
172-3; Young Hegelian’s bogus
revolutionism, 171; see also French
Revolution
Revolution of 1848, 92, 239-40
revolutionary organization, 130, 141,
144,163
revolutionary proletariat, 166, 168-9,
349
revolutionary workers’ movement,
106,307
Riazanov, David, 276
Ricardo, David (1772-1823), 36, 1 14,
189, 201, 228-31, 235, 243
rights of man, 55, 69-70
Rodbertus, Johann Karl (1805-75),
230
Romantics (German), 25-7, 37, 48,
116, i 53
Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-78), 11,
37,61,104,109,110,111,144,236
Rubel, Maximilien, 193 n.39, 1 94 n.43,
223, 237 nn. 130, 131, 241
Ruge, Arnold (1802-80), 59, 77, 106,
107, 127, 130, 135
‘Saint Max’, 125, 140, 144, 156, 160
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, Comte de
(1760-1825), 104, 153, 178, 180,
199,247,306,325
Sand, George (1 804-76), 1 84-5
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 6
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von (1779-
1861), 32
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph
von (1775-1854), 32
Schumpeter, J., 42, 42 n.17
Schweitzer, Johann Baptist von, ix,
188 n.29, 191 n.35, 198-9, 214,
216,233-4, 269
science, 234-6, 286
Second French Empire, 96, 97
Second International, 264
Second French Republic, 239
Second Treatise on Civil Government
(Locke), 8
self-activity, 11, 147, 149, 158, 159,
164-74
self-assertion, 26, 27, 37, 39
self-determination, 33, 36, 37, 39, 174
self-knowledge, 159
separatism, 1 78, 1 79, 1 83, 1 87, 244
Sieyes, Emmanuel Joseph, Comte
(1748-1836), 200
Sismondi, Jean Charles (1773-1862),
114,201
Smith, Adam (1 723-90), 8, 36, 38,
42-3, 53-5, 149-52,201
social: collectivity, 1 82; injustice, 2
Social Contract, The (1762) (Rousseau),
61,109
Social-Democrat, 233, 269
social force, 35, 71
social order, 176, 178, 185, 187;
Proudhon’s desire for, 176ff.
Social Revolution as Demonstrated by
the Coup d'Etat of the Second of
December (1852) (Proudhon), 193
socialism, 1, 7, 73, 196, 213, 235, 291,
297, 303; ‘authoritarian’, 207
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
(1887) (Engels), 84
society, see bourgeois; civil
solipsism, 27, 155, 163, 174
Sonvilliers Circular, 321, 323, 324,
342
Spain, beginnings of anarchism, 31 7-19
Spanish Regional Federation of the
International, 318-19
Spinoza, Baruch (1632-77), 129
state, the: abolition of, 2, 8, 9, 11, 16,
23, 96,176,295, 310; bureaucratic,
98, 99; and civil society, 21-4, 31-
44, 51-3,58-9,61-3,66-73, 78,
3 51; Hegelian view of, 21,27,31-5;
immorality of, 8-9; and individual-
ism, 34; Marx’s views on, 75-85,
92, 100-22, 342; as mediating,
ethical agency, 22, 34; modern
form, 50-3, 63-4, 65, 75-85, 348;
Proudhon’s hostility to, 175-85;
revolution against, 2, 16, 76, 96,
1 07, 342-4; role of, 78; secular,
56, 64-5, 68, 73; social injustice, 2;
war waging, 34, 40-1; see also
political state; theory of state
State and Revolution, The (Lenin), 77,
84
Statism and Anarchy (1873) (Bakunin),
336-8, 341
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Carl, Baron
von (1757-1831), 32
Steuart, Sir James, 36, 38, 42
Stirner, Max (pseud, of Johann Kaspar
Schmidt) (1806-56), ix, 11, 14, 25
26, 56-7, 71, 77, 1 12, 121, 196,
226, 249, 288, 289, 293, 342, 343,
348; attacks on by Marx, 14, 56,
125-74, 361 n.2; as canonizer of
history, 1 56-7; compared with
Proudhon, 176, 179, 1 83, 187;
criticism of Feuerbach, 134-40
Strauss, David Friedrich (1 808-74), 131
strikes, 182, 186, 263,276,309
subjectivity, 26, 2 7, 36
Swiss National Federal Council (the
Geneva Federation), 308, 309
System of Economic Contradictions or
Philosophy of Poverty, The (1 846)
(Proudhon), 180, 193, 207, 209,
210,211,213,214,215,218,223,
224,235
system, Proudhon’s hostility to, 187
Ten Hours Act (1 847), 262, 273, 349
Theories of Surplus Value (1 861 -3)
(Marx), 114, 194,203,246
theorizing, 5, 12, 13, 285-6
theory of the state, 75-85, 92, 100-22
Theses on Feuerbach (Marx), 28, 101,
109, 111, 139. 159
Tolain, Henri-Louis (1828-97), 267,
271, 277, 278, 310
To My Italian Friends (Bakunin),
319-20
Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude Destutt,
Comte de (1754-1836), 201
trade unions, 111, 182, 213, 255-6,
264, 275, 278, 302
‘True Socialists’, 140
universal suffrage, 59, 90, 97, 238,
241,344
Universal Republican Alliance, 302
Utin, Nicholas, 316, 320
value, 224-7; instrumental, 3; measured
by labour, 189, 202, 228-30;
Proudhon’s theory of, 189-91,223;
surplus, 243; ‘use’ as opposed to
‘exchange’, 55, 150, 225, 228
Varlin, Eugene, 278, 279
Venturi, Franco, 284, 293
Vico, Giovanni Battista (1668-1744),
48
violence: espousal by Bakunin, 288-90,
297-8; means of transforming bad
to good, 9, 10, 288-90; part of life,
44, 143; Proudhon’s aversion to,
177, 183-4, 187, 208; revolution-
ary, 213, 240; state as means of,
176
Wages, Price and Profit (Marx), 117
war, Bakunin on, 291; Hegel’s defence
of, 40-2, 43-4; Proudhon on, 185
wealth, SS, 1 50-1,215; concentration
of, 44, 46; Hegel on, 39-40
Wealth of Nations, The (1776) (Smith),
151
Weber, Max (1864-1920), 29, 99
Weydermeyer, Joseph, 257, 350
Weil, Eric, 32 n.7
Weitling, Wilhelm, 110, 111, 140, 141,
195, 285, 290-1
What is Property ? (1840) (Proudhon),
188, 197-200, 212, 214, 215, 234,
242
What is the Third Estate? (1789)
(Sieyes), 200
Wolin, Sheldon, 12, 12 n.17, 13 n.20,
42
Woodcock, Rt. Hon. George (1904-79),
4, 4 nn.3 and 4, 10 n.14, 184 n.18,
268, 283
workers’associations, 100, 112, 178,
182-3, 244
workers’control, 182-3, 194
Workers’ Educational Association, 205
working class, see class, working
working-class movement, 237,239,345
Young Hegelians, 126-74, 176; see also
Bauer, B.; Bauer, E.; Feuerbach;
Hess; Stirner
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