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Fizika fanidan Labaratoriya ishi
DAFTARI
Sana____________________
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LABORATORIYA ISHI.
QATTIQ JISMLARNING SOLISHTIRMA ISSIQLIK SIG`IMINI ANIQLASH
Kerakli jihozlar:
kalorimetr, tarozi, tarozi toshlari, termometr, solishtirma sig`imi aniqlanadigan 3 ta jism, qaynoq suv.
Ishni bajarish tartibi:
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Kalorimetr pasportidan uning aralashtirgich bilan birgalikdagi issiqlik sig`imi Ck ni yozib oling.
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Menzurka yordamida suv hajmi V ni o`lchab, uni kalorimetrning ichki idishiga quying va issiqlik muvozanati qaror topgandan keyin uning temperaturasi ts ni termometr yordamida o`lchang.
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Kalorimetrga quyilgan suv massasini ms = ps V formuladan foydalanib hisoblang. Bunda ps— suvning zichligi.
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Solishtirma Issiqlik sig'imi aniqlanayotgan jismning massasi mj ni tarozi yordamida o'lchang.
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Jismni ipga bog`lab, qaynab turgan suvga solib qo'ying. Jism va suv o'rtasida issiqlik muvozanati qaror topgandagi jismning temperaturasi tj ni yozib oling. Bunda tj = 100°C deb olish mumkin. Jismni tezlik bilan sovuq suv solingan kalorimetrga botiring.
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Qaynab turgan suvdan olingan jismni tezlik bilan sovuq suv solingan kalorimetrga botiring. Aralashtirgich bilan kalorimetrdagi suvni aralashtiring va termometr ko'rsatgan aralashmaning ta temperaturasini yozib oling.
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Jismning solishtirma issiqlik sig'imini aniqlang:
Cj=
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Massalari turlicha, lekin xuddi shunday moddadan yasalgan yana ikkita jismning solishtirma issiqlik sig'imini yuqorida keltirilgan tartibda aniqlang.
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Birinchi, ikkhichi va uchinchi jismlar uchun aniqlangan solishtirma issiqlik sig'imlari uchun o'rtacha cj ni hisoblang.
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Olingan natijalarni 3- jadvalga yozing.
3- jadval
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C, J.K
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V, l
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ts, 0C
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m, kg
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ms, kg
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tj, 0C
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ta, 0C
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cj, J/kg.K
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cj, J/kg.K
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Solishtirma issiqlik sig'imi deb nimaga aytiladi va qanday ifodalanadi?
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3-jadvaldagi natijalarni tahlil qiling va xulosa chiqaring.
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Labaratoriya ishining baxosi ______________
Sana____________________
II - LABORATORIYA ISHI.
TURLI TEMPERATURALI SUV ARALASHTIRILGANDA ISSIQLIK MIQDORLARINI TAQQOSLASH
Kerakli jihozlar:
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litr sig`imli ikkita idish, termometr, menzurka, issiq va sovuq suv.
Ishni bajarish tartibi:
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Menzurka yordamida m1 massali issiq suvni o'lchab, birinchi idishga quying va uning tcmperaturasi t1 ni o'lchang.
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Menzurka yordamida m2 massali sovuq suvni o'lchab ikkinchi idishga quying va uning temperaturasi t2 ni o'lchang.
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Ikkinchi idishdagi sovuq suvni birinchi idishdagi issiq suvning ustiga quying va aralashmaning muvozanatlashgan temperaturasi t ni o'lchang.
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Aralashmada issiq suv bergan issiqlik miqdorini Q1 = cm1(t1 - t) formula yordamida hisoblang, bunda с suvning solishtirma issiqlik sig'imi.
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Aralashmada sovuq suv olgan issiqlik miqdorini Q2 = cm2(t - t2) formula yordamida hisoblang.
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Aralashtiriladigan issiq va sovuq suvning massalarini o'zgartirib, 1-5-bandlarga muvofiq ishni uch marta takrorlang.
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O'lchash va hisoblash natijalarini 4- jadvalga yozing.
4- jadval
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M1, kg
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t1, 0C
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m2, kg
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t2, 0C
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t, 0C
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c, J/kg.K
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Q1, J
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Q2, J
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O'lchash va hisoblash natijalari asosida olingan Q1 va Q2 issiqlik miqdorlarining qiymatlarini taqqoslang. Nima uchun Q1 = Q2 shart bajarilishi kerak?
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Issiqlik miqdori formulasida nima sababdan absolut temperaturalar ayirmasi o'rniga Selsiy shkalasi bo'yicha o'lchangan temperaturalar ayirmasini qo'llash mumkin?
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Labaratoriya ishining baxosi ______________
Sana____________________
II - LABORATORIYA ISHI.
SUYUC1 JKNING SIRT TARANGLIK KOEFFITSIENTINI ANIQLASH
Kerakli jihozlar:
maxsus dinamometr, shtativ, uzunligi 5 sm atrofida bo'lgan П shaklida bukilgan sim. sovunli suv eritmasi, suyuqlik solinadigan idish.
Ushbu laboratoriya ishida o'lchash aniqligi yuqori bo'lgan maxsus dinamometrdan foydalaniladi.
Ishni bajarish tartibi:
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Dinamometrni yuqori halqasidan shtativga o'rnating.
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Chizg'ich yordamida П shaklida bukilgan simning perimetri l ni o`lchang.
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Dinamometrning pastki halqasiga П shaklidagi simni iling va simning og'irlik kuchi F1 ni olchang.
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Alohida idishda sovunli suv eritmasini tayyorlang va uni ko'pirtiring.
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Dinaniometrga osilgan simni idishdagi eritmaga tushiring.
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Eritma solingan idishni astalik bilan pastga tomon siljitib, simning eritmadan uzilishi davridagi dinamometrning ko'rsatishi F2 ni yozib oling.
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F= F1 - F2 formuladan sirt taranglik kuchini toping.
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formula yordamida suyuqlikning sirt taranglik koeflifsientini hisoblang.
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Tajribani uch marla takrorlang. formula yordamida sirl taranglik koeffilsientining o'rtacha qiymatini hisoblang.
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Tajriba davomidagi o'lchash va hisoblash natijalarini 6- jadvalga yozing.
6- jadval
№
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M, kg
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L, m
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F, N
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N/m
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N/m
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Sirt tarangiik kuchi nimaligini tushuntirib bering?
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Nima sababdan simni sovunli eritmadan ajratib olishda kuch kerak bo'ladi?
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Tajriba natijalarini tahlil qilib, xulosangizni yozib keling?
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Labaratoriya ishining baxosi ______________
Sana____________________
IV - LABORATORIYA ISHI.
SHISHANING NUR SINDIRISH KO'RSATKICHINI ANIQLASH
Kerakli jihozlar:
Elektr lampa, tirqishli to'siq, uchburchakli shisha prizma, ip, transportir.
Ishni bajarish tartibi:
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S manbani yoqib, uning yo'liga tirqishli to'siqni shunday joylashtiringki, to'siq ortida ingichka dastali nur hosil bo'lsin. Nur yo'lini stol ustiga chiziqtortish orqali belgilang.
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Nur dastasi yo'liga uchburcliakli shisha prizmani 55-rasmda ko'rsatilgandek joylashtiring. Prizmaning yuqori uchidagi burchakni yozib oling (bu burchak prizmaga yozilgan bo'ladi).
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Prizma qo'yilganda nur dastasi О nuqtada sinadi va o'z yo'lini o'zgartirib, burchakka buriladi. Nurning singan yo'lini ignalar bilan belgilang va burchakni transportir bilan o'lchang.
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Nur sindirish ko'rsatkichi n bo'lgan shisha prizmadan havoga o'tish holati uchun yorug'likning sinish qonunini quyidagicha ifodalash mumkin:
(1) yoki (2)
bunda shisha va havo chegarasiga nurning tushish burchagi bo'lib, uning kattaligi prizmaning yuqorigi burchagiga teng. va ning o'lchangan qiymatini (2) formulaga qo'yib, berilgan shishaning nur sindirish ko'rsatkichini aniqlang.
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Shisha prizmani manbadan turli uzoqlikka qo'yib, tajribani uch marta
takrorlang. Har bir holat uchun burchakni o'lchang va shishaning nur sindirish
ko'rsatkichini aniqlang.
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O'tkazilgan uchta tajribadan olingan natijalar asosida shishaning nur
sindirish ko'rsatkichining o'rtacha qiymati no`rt ni hisoblang.
Tajriba jarayonidagi o'lchash va hisoblash natijalarini 11- jadvalga yozing.
11-jadval
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Tajribadagi yorug'lik nurining yo'lini tahlil qiling, tushish va sinish burchaklarini ko'rsating?
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Shishaning nur sindirish ko'rsatkichini hisoblashda nima uchun o`rniga
formuladan foydalanildi?
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Tajriba jarayonini va natijalarini tahlil qiling.
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Labaratoriya ishining baxosi ______________
Sana____________________
V - LABORATORIYA ISHI.
LINZA YORDAMIDA TASVIR HOSIL QILISH
(laboratoriya ishi)
Kerakli jihozlar: optik kuchi 2.5-5 dptr atrofida bo'lgan qavariq linza, elektr lampa, ekran va masshtabli chizg'ich.
Ishni bajarish tartibi
1. Elektr lampa, linza va ckranni stol ustiga
63-rasmda ko'rsatilgandek joylashtiring.
Bunda d va / taxminan 40 - 60 sm atrofida
63- rasm bo Ism.
2. Lampani yoqing. Ekranni oldinga-orqaga
surib, lampa tolasining eng aniqroq tasviri hosil bo'ladigan masofani loping.
Buvumdan (lampadan) linzagacha bo'lgan dx masofani va lin/adan lasvirgacha
(ekrangacha) bo'lgan/j masofani o'lchang.
Lampa bilan linza orasidagi masofani d2 va J3 ga o'zgartirib, tajribani takrorlang. Ekranda lampa tolasining eng aniqroq tasviri hosil bo'lgan masofada/i va/? larni o'lchang.
Linza formulasidan foydalanib har bir tajribadan olingan d\ va/b d2 va/j, d2 va/3 uchun fokus masofasi I\, ¥ъ 1\ ni hisoblang.
5- F0-n = {Fi+F2+Ft,)/?> formulaga qo'yib, fokus masofasining o'rtacha qiymatini hisoblang.
/)= l/i"formuladanlinzaning optik kuchini hisoblang.
O'lchash va hisoblash natijalarini 12- jadvalga yozing.
12- jadval
№
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d, m
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/, m
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F, m
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F0
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D, dptr
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Tajriba va o'lchashlar natijasida topilgan F01t ni linza fokus masofasining haqiqiy qivmati Fsifatida qabul qilib tajribani davom ettiring. Linzani lampadan shunday masofaga qo'yingki, bunda d > 2Fshart bajarilsin. Ekranni oldinga-orqaga surib, unda lampa tolasining tasvirini hosil qiling.
Lhizani lampadan d = IF masofaga qo'ying. Ekranni oldinga-orqaga surib. unda lampa tolasi tasvirini hosil qiling.
10. Linzani lampadan shunday masofaga qo'yingki, bunda F< d < 2/shart bajarilsin. Ekranni surib, unda lampa tolasining tasvirini hosil qiling.
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