OTHER COMBINATORY-POSITIONAL CHANGES
There are other combinatory-positional changes besides assimilation. The modification of one of the adjacent consonants to the preceding or following consonant is known as assimilation.
There are cases when the articulation of a consonant is modified under the influence of an adjacent vowel, which is called adaptation, or accommodation. The accommodated sound retains its main phonetic features and is pronounced as an allophone of the same phoneme slightly modified under the influence of a neighbouring sound. Modem English distinguishes three main types of accomodation5.
An unrounded allophone of a consonant phoneme is replaced by its rounded allophone under the influence of the following rounded vowel phoneme, in an initial position:
Unrounded allophones Rounded allophones of
tea /ti:/ less /les/ none/плп/
too /tu:/ loose /lu:z/ noon /пи:п/
of consonant phonemes consonant phonemes
A fully back allophone of a back vowel phoneme is replaced by its slightly advanced (fronted) allophone under the influence of the preceding mediolingual phoneme /j/, e. g.
A vowel phoneme is represented by its slightly more open allophone before the dark /1/ under the influence of the lat- ter's back secondary focus. Thus the vowel sound in tell, bell is slightly more open than the vowel in bed, ten: /bel/ - /bed/, /tel/ - /ten/.
The phonetic changes, which results in a sharpening of the difference between two phonemes, is called dissimilation, e. g. the English word heaven is the result of a change of (m) to (v) because of the final. The word marble is due to a French marbre whose second «г» was changed into «I»1.
Elision is the omission of a sound in rapid speech, e. g. an old man /эп'эиГтаеп/, and so /an'ssu/.
Haplology is the process of dropping a group of sounds which should be articulated twice in a word, e. g. morphonology for morphophonology, probably (from probablely).
Reduction is also one of the wide-spread combinatory- positional change which has been explained in chapter V, 5.2.3 in connection with unstressed vowels.
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