4
5
Parasites and disease.......................................................................................................................................29
Competitors and habitat use ...........................................................................................................................30
Envirogram of ecological relationships..........................................................................................................30
CONSERVATION.........................................................................................................................................................30
Threats......................................................................................................................................................................30
Land-use practices...............................................................................................................................................30
Grazing................................................................................................................................................................34
Fire and fire suppression .....................................................................................................................................34
Exotic species......................................................................................................................................................34
Recreation............................................................................................................................................................35
Energy development............................................................................................................................................35
Application of chemicals.....................................................................................................................................35
Conservation Status of Long-billed Curlews in Region 2 .......................................................................................35
Management of Long-billed Curlews in Region 2...................................................................................................36
Implications and potential conservation elements ..............................................................................................36
Fire ......................................................................................................................................................................36
Grazing................................................................................................................................................................36
Cultivation, seeding, exotics ...............................................................................................................................37
Tools and practices ..............................................................................................................................................37
Population or habitat management approaches and their effectiveness .........................................................37
Inventory and monitoring of populations and habitat ....................................................................................38
Information Needs....................................................................................................................................................39
Fragmentation......................................................................................................................................................39
Population surveys ..............................................................................................................................................39
Wintering ecology ...............................................................................................................................................39
Fire and grazing...................................................................................................................................................39
Exotics.................................................................................................................................................................39
Human disturbance..............................................................................................................................................39
Taxonomy............................................................................................................................................................39
Habitat restoration...............................................................................................................................................39
Reproduction and foraging..................................................................................................................................39
Relationship with prey/food populations ............................................................................................................39
Relationship with predators.................................................................................................................................39
Movement patterns..............................................................................................................................................39
Prey response to habitat change ..........................................................................................................................39
Demography........................................................................................................................................................39
DEFINITIONS..............................................................................................................................................................41
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................................45
EDITOR: Gary Patton, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region