[23]
№
Category
Indicators
Source and
coverage
24.
Getting credit: Distance to frontier
24
Doing Business
report
185 countries
Table 3. G20 financial inclusion indicators.
Global Findex. Another initiative on the way to evolution of financial
inclusion was the Global Financial Inclusion Indicators (Global Findex
25
) by the
World Bank in 2012. The Global Findex is an assessment mechanism shaped as
part of researches conducted by the Researches Group of the World Bank to
measure financial inclusion around the world
26
. Having set the following indicators
to measure usage of financial services and resources
27
the Global Findex
interviewed over 150,000 adults across 140 economies for their measurement:
Indicators
Usage of bank accounts
% of adults with a bank account
Purpose of accounts, including:
business
tuition
pay for utilities
Frequency of transactions, including:
withdrawals
deposits
Mode of access, including:
ATM per 100,000 adults
Branch per 100,000 adults
POS terminals per 100,000 adults
Savings
% of adults who saved within the past 12 months using a formal financial
institution
% of adults who saved within the past 12 months using an informal savings club or
a person outside the family
24
Measures the coverage of available information barriers in the credit market.
25
We will use this terminology throughout the paper as it is internationally accepted.
26
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/187761468179367706/pdf/WPS7255.pdf
27
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/801151468152092070/pdf
[24]
Indicators
% of adults who otherwise saved (e.g. in their home) within the past 12 months
Borrowing
% of adults who borrowed within the past 12 months from a formal financial
institution
% of adults who borrowed within the past 12 months from informal sources
(including family and friends)
% of adults with an outstanding loan to purchase home or an apartment
Payments
% of adults who used a formal account to receive funds, including:
government payments
wages
% of adults who used a mobile phone to maintain transactions within the past 12
months, including:
pay utility bills
send money
receive money
% of adults who used a formal account to receive or send money to family
members living elsewhere within the past 12 months:
senders
receivers
Insurance
% of adults who personally purchased private health insurance
% of adults who work in farming, forestry, or fishing and personally paid for agri-
insurance
Table 4. Global Findex indicators.
Global Findex parameters based assessment of our country is provided in
Table 1 of the Annexes section.
IMF indicators. The IMF offered its approach to measure financial inclusion.
The Fund has been assessing financial inclusion since 2004 through the global
Financial Access Survey (FAS):
Indicators
Access to finance
Number of branches of commercial banks per 1,000 sq.km
Number of branches of commercial banks per 100,000 adults
Number of ATMs per 1,000 sq.km
[25]
Indicators
Number of ATMs per 100,000 adults
Usage of financial resources
Number of borrowers of commercial banks per 1,000 adults
% of outstanding loans with commercial banks in GDP
Number of depositors of commercial banks per 1,000 adults
% of deposits with commercial banks in GDP
Table 5. IMF’s financial inclusion indicators.
IMF parameters based assessment of our country is provided in Table 2 of
the Annexes section.
Financial inclusion in Azerbaijan: current situation and assessment
Current situation. Stronger financial inclusion is one of the most pressing
challenges among factors stipulating economic growth of our country.
Accordingly, deepening of financial inclusion was included to the Strategic
Roadmap on Development of Financial Services approved by Decree of President
of the Republic of Azerbaijan of 6 December 2016 as one of the priorities
accompanied by in-depth information on works to be done, risks, and required
investments.
Assessment. This section includes information on the current situation in the
country on the financial infrastructure components enumerated at the beginning of
the article. Moreover, we will rest upon the G20 indicators to assess the
Azerbaijani economy in order to apply a unified approach to measuring financial
inclusion and avoid surprising effects of information abundance.
The following table displays the status of financial inclusion in the
Azerbaijani economy on the G20 Basic Set evaluation parameters:
№
Category
Indicators
Status
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1.
Formally banked
adults
% of adults
with an
account at a
formal
financial
institution
51
74
114
130
168
164