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The Southern Azerbaijan: between 
Tehran - Baku - Moscow (1939-1945). 
Summary 
 
The Soviet Union is no longer on the political stage. Its negative 
role in the fortunes of nations will be a theme for the research for a 
long time. As the USSR was the secluded society, now many obscure 
aspects of its policy are under elucidation. From this point of view the 
addressed theme is characteristic. What happened in Southern 
Azerbaijan in 1940-1946? Why did the north of Iran turn into a arena 
of the Soviet - American -English intergovernmental contradictions? 
What was the development trajectory of events? On which level is the 
study of the problem? These and other questions have already waited 
for their answers for a long time. 
During the Soviet period the events were presented in very simple 
and easy way. In order to secure the USSR and "support" the 
inhabitants Of Southern Azerbaijan the Soviet troops marched into 
Southern Azerbaijan in 1941 and went out in 1946. And that was all. 
This problem, isolated from the world history was taken under the 
controll of the Soviet ideological monopoly. The solution of the 
Western Ukraine and Western Byelorussia problems by force 
strengthened the Soviet expansion tendencies in early period of World 
War II and it started showing an interest towards Southern Azerbaijan. 
As long as the late thirties, the situation in Iran and Southern 
Azerbaijan was attentively studied by the Soviet special service 
agencies. Soviet Azerbaijan, which was a part of USSR, showed great 
interest to this question. In 1941, two weeks after the Soviet troops 
had marched into Iran, about a thousand political officials of Soviet 
Azerbaijan party, economy, state security and interior affairs agencies, 
which were mobilized long ago, were sent to Southern Azerbaijan 
with special instructions. What have the political officials, sent from 
the Azerbaijan been doing in the North of 

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Iran? What have they done for the course of the sovetization of the 
area? That problem has not been explored enough, yet. 
The Soviet Union was using Azerbaijan and Kurd problems for the 
expansionist intentions in the North of Iran. Sometimes these two 
problems were put against each other and used as the means of 
influence over Iran. Research of these sides of the problem can expose 
the real roots of the contradictions between the Great Powers over 
Iran. 
Two months after the victory over the Fascist Germany, the 
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 
passed a secret decree on "supporting the separatism in Southern 
Azerbaijan". This document and the ways of its implementation 
remains as a mystery for the world even today. 
Azerbaijan Democratic Party, which had a pro-communist 
orientation was established for the realization of the expansionist 
intentions of the USSR. The new outlook to the events makes it 
necessary to investigate some moments of the covert and overt 
activities of this party. 
By the end of the World War II the Soviet Union monopolized the 
ideals of freedom and national processes and that factor formulated 
the negative attitude of the Western governments towards the 
Azerbaijan problem. Events in Southern Azerbaijan were perceived by 
Great Britain and the USA more as a matter of territorial and 
ideological expansion of the Soviet Union than national liberation 
movement. Studying the national movement of Southern Azerbaijan 
in the Soviet Union casted a shadow of communism on it. 
It is a fact that the annual activity of Azerbaijan National 
Government was programmed in Moscow. This problem was under 
the direct supervision of Stalin. Azerbaijan problem was the central 
question of Soviet-Iran relations. 
A power struggle over Azerbaijan was part of the global fight for 
fuel and energy sources. The West, having yielded in Eastern Europe, 
ousted the Soviet Union from the Middle East. Southern Azerbaijan 
National Government was toppled. 

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The subject of "The Southern Azerbaijan: Between Tehran-Baku-
Moscow (1939-1945)" has not been an object of a research up to the 
present time. But this problem was covered in some works in 
Azerbaijan, the former Soviet Union, Iran and the Western countries. 
First studies in this direction were written in the middle of the forties 
and the fifties. 
In 1948 M.Ibrahimov's book "About democratic movement in 
Southern Azerbaijan in 1945-1946" and in 1959 H.Hasanov's 
"Movement of Iranian Azerbaijan workers for liberty and 
independence of country" were published. M.Ibrahimov and 
H.Hasanov were the leaders of political officials, sent to Iran in 1944 
with special instructions. First scientific attitude to the problem was 
shown in A.Guliyev's article "From the history of national liberation 
and democratic movement in Southern Azerbaijan (1941-1946). In the 
sixties and seventies some thesises were defended in Baku and 
Moscow. For example in 1950 such researches as K.Mammadov's 
thesis "Establishment of democratic government in Southern 
Azerbaijan (1945-1946)", in 1964 F.Dastgushada's "Economic 
arrangements of the national government in Southern Azerbaijan 
(1945-1946), in 1967 A.Davalli-Mammad's "Organization and 
activities of the national government in Southern Azerbaijan (1945-
1946)", in 1971 S.Mirzazade's "National Council of Iranian 
Azerbaijan and it's legislative enactment (1945-1946)", in 1975 
M.Abdullayev's "The role of the democratic press in the national 
liberation movement of Iranian Azerbaijan (1941-1946) were 
conducted. 
The characterising feature of all these works conceal the 
expansionist policy of the Soviet Union in Southern Azerbaijan. In 
1986 monographia of M.M.Cheshmazer, who was the participant of 
those events, called "Establishments and activities of Azerbaijan 
Democratic Party (Southern Azerbaijan, 1945-1946)",and in 1991 his 
article "The role of C.J.Pishavary in the establishment of Azerbaijan 
National Government and Azerbaijan Democratic Party" in the 
scientific almanac 

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