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men who charge top prices for their work. And this is not all. Many women, not satisfied with what Allâh gave
them in the way of natural hair, buy wigs made of artificial hair to add to their own in order to increase its
body, beauty, and luster, imagining that this renders them better looking and more sexually attractive.
The astonishing thing about this hadith is the connection of political oppression with moral laxity. This
connection is borne out by facts, since it is the way of rulers to keep people preoccupied with their personal
desires and lusts so that they have no time to think about public affairs.
Concerning Woman’s Imitating Man and Vice Versa
The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) declared that a woman should not wear a man’s clothing nor a man a woman‘s. He
cursed men who imitate women and women who imitate men. (Compiled by al-Bukhâri and others.) Aspects
of such imitation include the manner of speaking, walking, dressing, moving and so on.
The evil of such conduct, which affects both the life of the individual and of society, is that it constitutes a
rebellion against the natural ordering of things. According to this natural order, there are men and there are
women, and each of the two sexes has its own distinctive characteristics. However, if men become
effeminate and women masculinized, this natural order will be reversed and will disintegrate.
Among those who are cursed by Allâh and His angels, both in this world and in the Hereafter, the Prophet
(s.a.w.s.) has mentioned the man whom Allâh has made a male but who becomes effeminate by imitating
women, and a woman whom Allâh has made a female but who becomes masculinized by imitating men.
(Reported by al-Tabarani.)
For this reason the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) forbade men to wear fabric decorated with large, loud, or bold designs.
In his Sahih, Muslim reported ‘All as saying, Allâh’s Messenger (s.a.w.s.) forbade me the wearing of a gold
ring, a silken garment, and clothing with bold designs.
Muslim also reports a hadith from Ibn ‘Umar, who said, “Allâh’s Messenger (s.a.w.s.) saw me wearing two
garments having bold designs, and he said, “This is what unbelievers wear. Do not wear such things.”
Dressing for the Sake of Ostentation and Pride
The general rule for the enjoyment of the good things of life, such as food, drink, and clothing, is that their
use should be without extravagance or pride.
Extravagance consists of exceeding the limits of what is beneficial in the use of the halal, while pride is
something related to the intention and the heart rather than to what is apparent. Pride is the intention to look
superior and above others, and Allâh does not love any proud boaster. (57:23) The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said:
“On the Day of Resurrection, Allâh will not look at the person who trails his robe behind him out of pride.”
(Agreed upon by Bukhâri and Muslim.)
In order to avoid even the suspicion of pride, the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) forbade Muslims to wear garments of
“fame” that is, clothes which are worn in order to impress others and which generate competition in vain
and idle pursuits. According to a hadith, On the Day of Resurrection, Allâh will clothe the one who wears
garments of fame with the garments of humiliation. (Reported by Ahmad, Abû Daoud, al-Nisai, and Ibn
Mâjah.)
A man asked Ibn ‘Umar, “What kind of clothes shall I wear?” Ibn ‘Umar replied, “Such as would neither
invite the scorn of the weak-minded (because of their being cheap and ugly) nor the blame of the wise
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(because of their being immoderately expensive).” (Reported by al-Tabarani.)
Going to Extremes in Beautification by Changing What Allâh Created
Islâm denounces such excesses in beautifying oneself as require altering one’s physical features as Allâh
created them. The Qur‘ân considers such alterations as inspired by Satan, who...will command them (his
devotees) to change what Allâh has created... (4:119)
The Prohibition of Tattooing, Cutting the Teeth, and Undergoing Surgery for Beautification
Among such excesses are tattooing and shortening the teeth. (A beautification practice of the pre-IslaArabs.
(Trans.)) Allâh’s Messenger (peace beon him) cursed the tattooer and the one who is tattooed, the shortener
of teeth and the one whose teeth are shortened. (Compiled by Muslim.)
As far as tattooing is concerned, it permanently disfigures the face and other parts of the body with blue
pigment and repulsive designs. Some Arabs, especially women, were in the habit of tattooing large portions
of their bodies, while people of certain religious sects tattooed pictures of their deities or religious rituals on
their hands and chests. To all these abominations is added the pain and agony which the person being
tattooed must undergo from the pricking of the needles. Because all of this, both the tattooer and the one
who is tattooed have been cursed.
As for cutting or shortening the teeth, the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) cursed both the men and the women who do it
and the women who request it. If a man does it, he merits an even greater curse. Similarly, the Prophet
(s.a.w.s.) prohibited widening the spaces between the teeth, and he cursed...Women who widen the gaps
between their own or others‘ teeth for the sake of beauty, changing what Allâh has created.
Now, Allâh obviously created some women with gaps between their teeth and others without. Some women
who have no such gaps desire to create them artificially, either by filing or by cutting away parts of the
adjoining teeth. Islâm considers this a form of deception and excessive involvement with personal beauty,
both of which it discourages.
From these ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w.s.), we also know the ruling of the Islâmic Shari‘ah concerning
plastic surgery. Surgeries for beautification are in vogue today as the result of the materialistic outlook of
Western civilization, a civilization stressing the body and its desires. Men and women spend hundreds and
thousands of dollars to reshape their noses or breasts, or whatever they consider misshapen. This behavior
most certainly belongs in the category of excessive beautification, unnecessarily changing what Allâh has
created, and it merits the curse of Allâh and His Prophet (s.a.w.s.). It likewise involves torture, pain, and
waste of money merely for the sake of one’s appearance; it is, moreover, an expression of an individual’s
preoccupation
with
form
rather
than
substance,
with
body
rather
than
with
spirit.
It may happen that a person has an unusual physical defect which attracts the attention of others to the point
of inflicting physical and psychological pain every time he meets people. In this case, he may treat the defect
and thus alleviate the embarrassment which made his life miserable. Allâh the Most Merciful has imposed no
hardship on us in religion.... (Al Bahee al-Khooly, Al Mar‘ah Bain al-Bait wal-Mujtama‘, 2nd edition, p. 105.)
This statement is perhaps supported by the hadith concerning widening the gap between the teeth for the
sake of beautification, for what is disapproved here is doing this merely for the sake of achieving good looks
and artificial beauty. However, if it is needed to eliminate pain or distress, there is nothing wrong with it; but
Allâh knows best.
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