XIV
h
International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
188
T1: P–55
Structural studies of bentonite-bodified starch system
by FT–IR, XRD and UV–Vis analyses
Karolina Kaczmarska
1
, Beata Grabowska
1
, Maciej Sitarz
2
, and Peter Futáš
3
1
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30 059
Cracow, Poland, e-mail: karolina.kaczmarska@agh.edu.pl
2
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics,
Mickiewicza 30, 30–059 Cracow, Poland
3
Technical University of Košice, Department of Ferrous Metallurgy and Foundry, Letna 9.042 00
Košice, Slovakia
The structural characteristics of a system based on layered aluminosilicate with a modified
natural polymer have been conducted. Mixture of calcium bentonite (aluminosilicate containing
montmorillonite) and an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was selected
for the study. The presence of hydrophilic sodium carboxymethyl groups in modified starch was
significant in the proposed method of activation of calcium bentonite with sodium ions. The
purpose of treating calcium bentonite was to modify its sorption properties and cation exchange
capacity (CEC), in the context of the application obtained product as a bonding material in
moulding sand technology in foundry industry [1, 2].
Research conducted by spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that in the structure of the bentonite-
CMS system were observed changes in both the O-H bonding between the layers of
montmorillonite and the changes taking place in the modified starch chains within the inter- and
intramolecular hydrogen bonds. It has been observed that course of IR spectra for bentonite-
CMS system indicated changes occurring in the disappearance of characteristic semicrystalline
areas in starch granules.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that in bentonite-CMS system was observed a shift
position of (001) diffraction peak to higher diffraction angles compared to the calcium bentonite.
It might indicating a reduction of space between the aluminosilicate layers. In result of this
change, the CMS adsorption into the interlayered space was limited. Reducing the distance
between layers could be also caused by high pH of CMS [3]. By using spectrophotometric
method (UV-Vis) it was possible to verify the cation exchange capacity for prepared system.
Studies have shown that the bentonite-CMS system, compared to the calcium bentonite, was
characterized by a lower CEC value.
Keywords: bentonite; carboxymethyl starch sodium; spectroscopy; spectrophotometry; CEC
Acknowledgment
The work was supported by the Project AGH No 11.11.170.318/13.
References
[1] R.J Sun., M.Y Li., J.C. Zhang, L.J. Zhu, Adv. Mater. Res. 726–731 (2013) 511.
[2] K. Kaczmarska, B. Grabowska, D. Drożyński, Arch. Foundry Eng. 15 (spec.3) (2015) 127.
[3] N. Beşün, S. Peker, U. Köktürk H.Y. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 275 (1997) 378
.
XIV
h
International Conference on Molecular Spectroscopy, Białka Tatrzańska 2017
189
T1: P–56
Effect of modification of montmorillonite with sodium salts (carbonate,
hydrocarbonate, maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer) on cation
exchange capacity - FTIR-DRS, UV-Vis, XRD and TG-DTG analyses
Beata Grabowska
1
, ŻanetaKurleto-Kozioł
1
, Dariusz Drożyński
1
,
Artur Bobrowski
1
, Karolina Kaczmarska
1
, and Maciej Sitarz
2
1
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30 059
Cracow, Poland, e-mail: kurleto@agh.edu.pl
2
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics,
Mickiewicza 30, 30–059 Cracow, Poland
The intercalation into interlayer spaces of montmorillonite (MMT), obtained from natural
calcium bentonite, was investigated. Modification of MMT was performed by sodium salts:
carbonate, hydrocarbonate and copolymer of: maleic acid-acrylic acid. Efficiency of
modifications of MMT by sodium salts was assessed by the infrared spectroscopic methods
(FTIR-DRS), X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and spectrophotometry UV-Vis. It was found,
that MMT can be relatively simply modified not only by sodium carbonate and hydrocarbonate
[1], but also - with omitting the preliminary organofilisation [2] – by introducing hydrogel
chains of maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer in a form of sodium salt into interlayer galleries.
A successful intercalation by sodium salt of the above mentioned copolymer was confirmed by
the powder X-ray diffraction (shifting the reflex (001) originated from the montmorillonite
phase indicating an increase of interlayer distances) as well as by the infrared spectroscopy
(occurring of vibrations characteristic for the introduced organic macromolecules). The
performed modification causes an increase of the ion exchange ability which allows to assume
that the developed composite: MMT¬/maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer can find the
application as a binding material in the moulding sands technology. In addition, modified
montmorillonites indicate an increased ability for ion exchanges at higher temperatures (TG-
DTG, UV-Vis). MMT modified by sodium salt of maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer indicates
a significant shifting of the loss of the ion exchange ability in the direction of the higher
temperature range (500–700°C).
Keywords: montmorillonite; intercalation; spectroscopy; spectrophotometry; X-ray diffraction; TG-DTG
Acknowledgment
The work was supported by the Dean's grant 2017.
References
[1] J. Nones, H.G. Riella, A.G. Trentin, J. Nones, Appl. Clay Sci. 105–106 (2015) 225.
[2] J. Zhang, K. Yuan, Y.P. Wang, S.J. Gu, S. Tang Zhang, Mater. Lett. (2007) 611.
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