104
help the local population in their efforts to destroy Bolshevism.” “The Allies are
here”, he concluded, “to assure justice and peace for everybody”.
284
At last, he
asked for help in the establishment of contacts between the Allies and the Denikin.
In addition, in order to control the North Caucasian government and to see
that the evacuation of the Turkish troops was carried out, General Thomson
appointed Colonel Rawlinson as British representative to the North Caucasian
Republic.
285
4- The End of the North Caucasian Republic: December 1918- May 1919:
By December the fate of the Mountaineer government was seriously at risk.
The situation in the region remained quite fluid, and the authority of the North
Caucasian government was already being challenged by two outside powers; the
Bolsheviks and the Whites, seeking to establish control over the North Caucasus.
Under these circumstances the Mountaineer government of Abdulmejid
Chermoev resigned on 12 December 1918 and the Union Council or the Parliament
approved the resignation on 15 December. The setting up of a new government was
delegated to Pshemaho Kotsev and in spite of some set backs he presented his
cabinet on 19 November. The new cabinet consisted of Pshemaho Kotsev
(President), Nuh Bey Tarkovskiy (Minister of National Security), Reshid Khan
Kaplanov (Minister of Interior), Haydar Bammat (Minister of Foreign Affairs),
Vassan Girey Jabagiev (Minister of Finance), B. Malachkhanov (Industry and
representative of Kars to Seym. He served as the deputy Foreign Minister of the Transcaucasian
Government. At last he was the representative of the North Caucasian government at Baku.
283
Kosok, “Revolution and Sovietization II,” 50.
284
For the text of General Thomson’s telegram to the North Caucasian Republic’s government see
Kurtatag, “Zadachi II,” 7. Related with the issue also see Jabagi, “Revolution,” 125-26 and also see
Denikin, Ocherki, Vol 4, 123-124.
105
Trade), Ibrahim Haydarov (Transportation), H. Shakhsuvarov (Education), A.
Butayev (Agriculture and National Estates).
286
During the same meeting, Kotsev delivered a speech and commented on the
situation in the region. He also emphasised that one of the main tasks of the new
government was to strive, together with Azerbaijan and Georgia, for worldwide
recognition of the countries independence.
287
In order to accomplish this aim, a
delegation was sent to the Paris Peace Conference, consisting of A. Chermoyev,
İbrahim Haydarov, Haydar Bammat, and Dr. Hazarakov. Before a decision was
taken in Paris, the Whites attacked North Caucasus.
By 1919 the North Caucasus had a new and aggressive enemy: Denikin and
his anti-Bolshevik White Army. Before the main blow towards the north started,
Denikin wished to secure his position and guarantee the flow of British support
from the south. He therefore decided to make his first task the clearing of the
mountain region and the coast between the Kuban and the Transcaucasian states.
This made the North Caucasian Republic his first target. Early in 1919 his army
began its operations towards the North Caucasus and took the territory known for
ıts mineral waters, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, and Esentük. In early
February he advanced to Vladikavkaz, which at that time had been recently
285
Kurtatag, “Zadachi II,” 7; Bammat, “The Caucasus,” 19; and Kosok, “Revolution and
Sovietization II,” 52.
286
For the ministries of Justice, Labor and, Health and Public Relief and to the National Control
nobody was nominated. Cabaği, Kafkas-Rus Mücadelesi, 94 and Jabagi, “Revolution,” 127.
Pşimaho Kotsev, May-June-July 1965. “Yeşil Mayıs,” Birleşik Kafkasya, (İstanbul), 4: 3-8.
287
For the text of Kotsev’s speech see ‘Deklaratsiya P. Kotseva,’ in Kurtatag, “Zadachi III,” 3-4 and
also see Jabagi, “Revolution,” 127.
106
captured from the Bolsheviks by the Ingush troops and thus was in the hands of the
Mountaineer government.
288
This was not to last, but was one of the most important threats to the well
being of the North Caucasian government. Despite the talks between the authorities
of the Mountaineer Republic and Denikin, the parties could not reach an
agreement. Thus Kosok, the President of the North Caucasian Republic personally
visited General Thomson in Baku on 9 February 1919 and asked him to intervene
to halt the advance of the Whites.
289
Despite his promises to control Denikin and to
stop the White advance, the British supported Denikin unconditionally and thus all
requests and protestations were in vain.
290
Denikin rejected reconciliation with the Mountaineers and the North
Caucasians. He appointed General Liakhov as the governor general of the mountain
region, including Dagestan. The Mountaineer government sent a delegation headed
by Zubeyir Temirhanov to Liakhov to Yekatarinodar. This delegation was to
inform the Volunteers that the Mountain Republic would join the struggle against
the Bolsheviks, but insisted on its independence and the exclusion of Volunteer
troops from its territory, until the final conclusions of the world conference in
Paris, to which a special delegation has been sent.
291
The negotiations continued for two weeks.
292
General Liakhov explained to
the delegation that his authority covered the entire area but indicated that each of
288
Jabagi, “Revolution,” 127 and Bammat, “The Caucasus,” 18.
289
Kosok, “Revolution and Sovietization II,” 53.
290
Bammat, “The Caucasus,” 18.
291
For a detailed account of events see Brinkley, Allied Intervention, 148-151. For the report of
delegation to the North Caucasian Parliament see A. Takho-Godi, 1927. Revoliutsiia i
Kontrrevoliutsiia v Dagestane, Makhachkale: Dagestanskoe Gosizdat, 189-197.
292
Kotsev, “Yeşil Mayıs,” 6.
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