Module 1: Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease (ckd)

Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of kidney failure in the United States

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• Reference: CDC National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet, 2017

Incidence vs. Prevalence

• Incidence =
• number of new patients during a given time/total population at risk
• Prevalence =
• number of patients with specific disease/total population at a designated time

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Incidence (new cases) of obesity and diabetes is increasing

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• 1994

• 2000

• 2010

• <14%

• 14-17.9%

• 18-21.9%

• 22-25.9%

• ≥ 26%

• <4.5%

• 4.5-5.9%

• 6.0-7.4%

• 7.5-8.9%

• ≥ 9.0%

• Obesity

• Diabetes (diagnosed)

Incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) appears to follow the same trends

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• Adjusted Incidence Rates of ESRD, 2011–2015

• Reference: USRDS Annual Data Report (NIDDK 2017)

In 2009-2012, 65% of women and 73% of men were overweight or obese.

• In 2009-2012, 65% of women and 73% of men were overweight or obese.
• About half of all adults have abdominal obesity.
• Rates of diabetes, hypertension and abnormal lipid levels are higher in adults with abdominal obesity.
• Obesity related glomerulopathy (ORG) is associated with decline in renal function.

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• Weight management may play a role in CKD prevention and treatment

• Reference: http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/
• D’Agati et al. Nat Rev Neph 2016; 12:453-471.