Msoflio bankis satyeo seqtoris ganviTarebis proeqti
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Siga wylebiambrolauris raioni mdidaria Siga wylebiT. mdinare rioni, romelic tranzitulia, ambrolauris raionSi 40 km-ze miedineba da TiTqmis Suaze yofs mas. misi xeobis sigane sof. kvacxuTsa da wess Soris mxolod 20-25 m-ia. es monakveTi cnobilia xidikris kldekaris saxeliT. rionis ZiriTadi marcxena Senakadebia: krixula, znakvura, Saraula, marjvena -- luxuni, riceuli da askiswyali. mdinareebi umeteswilad sazdooben miwisqveSa, wvimisa da Tovlis nadnobi wylebiT, nawilobriv ki myinvarebiT. rionma wyaldidoba icis gazafxulze, wyalmciroba zamTarSi. CamonadeniT gamoirCeva misi marjvena Senakadebi. rTuli reliefi, atmosferuli naleqebis siuxvesTan erTad, gansazRvravs xSiri hidrografiuli qselis arsebobas. wylis mTavari arteriis -- md. rionis xeobis fskeris sigane saSualod cvalebadobs 0,1-dan 0,4 km-mde (V-seburi xeobis pirobebSi) da 0,4 km-dan 1,5-mde -- gafarToebul xeobis pirobebSi. xeobis ferdobebi ZiriTadad cicaboa (30-400), xilo maT Zirze cicabo kldeebia aRmarTuli. ferdobis zedapirebi dakveTilia Rrma da viwro gverdiTi Senakadebis xeobebiT, RartafebiTa da xramebiT. maT xSirad Rvarcofuli xasiaTi aqvT, moaqvT uzarmazari daqucmacebuli masala, riTac warmoqmnian gamozidvis konusebs. Wala V-seburi xeobisa da viwrobebis pirobebSi ki gvxvdeba mdinaris orive napirze. aq maTi sigane 50-60 metria. gaSlil xeobaSi, sadac mdinare moedineba farTo fskerze, Wala iZireba orive napirze (SemorCenilia fragmentebis saxiT). aq maTi sigane 80 - 100 metria, zogan (q. ambrolauri, sof. sadmeli, qviSari) 250-400 metrsac aRwevs. farTo xeobis farglebSi Wala araerTgvarovania: qviSian-xreSiani, xreSian-xvinWiani, gakveTilia SenakadebiT da Semosilia buCqnarebiT (sof. qviSari). wyaldidobebisa da wyalmovardnebis dros QWala itboreba 100-150 metr siganeze, wylis done ki 0,5-0,8 metrs aRwevs. mdinare rionis kalapoti mTel sigrZeze daklaknili, farTo xeobebSi ramdenadme meandrirebuli, xolo viwrobebSi -- araerTgvarovania. mdinareuli kunZulebi gvxvdeba xSirad, ZiriTadad farTo xeobebis farglebSi, sadac isini ganlagebulia yovel 0,5-1 km, zogjer 2 km-Si. kunZulebis sigrZe saSualod 200-300 metria, sigane 100 metramde - aRwevs, simaRle 0,5-1,5, zogjer 2,0-2,5 metria. mdore dinebis mqone adgilebSi dinebis siCqare 1,-1,5 m/wamia, xolo Cqerebsa da WoromebSi 2-4,2 m/wm. mdinare luxuniswyali (luxunuriwyali, luxuni) saTaves iRebs leCxumis qedis samxreT ferdobze arsebuli ramdenime wyarodan, luxuniswveris (3179,6 m.) mTis kalTebidan, zRvis donidan 2650 metrze. Caedineba mdinare rionSi sofel wesTan, marjvena mxridan. wylis moculoba da reJimi formirdeba alpur, subalpur da mTis tyis landSaftebSi. mdinaris sigrZe 38 km-ia, vardna 2038 metri, auzis farTobi 293 km2, saSualo simaRle 1750 m, xarji - 11,8 m3/wm, moculoba - 374 mln/m3. ZiriTadi Senakadia xeoriswyali (14 km). mdinareSi agreTve Caedineba 32 patara Senakadi 81 km saerTo sigrZiT. ramdenadme didi terasebi (2-3 metramde simaRliT, 50-80 metri sigrZiT, 30-50 metri siganiT) ZiriTadad gvxvdeba mdinaris qvemo welSi dasaxlebuli punqtebis maxloblad. terasebis zedapirebi Tanabaria, Tixnaria da xelsayrelia sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis. mdinaris reJimi (sof. uravi, wesi) xasiaTdeba gazafxulis wyaldidobiT, romelic dakavSirebulia Tovlis da myinvaris dnobis intensiobasTan. gazafxulis wyaldidoba iwyeba martSi. wyaldidobis Semdeg wylis done Zlier ecema. yvelaze dabali done fiqsirdeba TebervalSi. mdinaris reJimisaTvis agreTve damaxasiaTebelia Semodgomis wyaldidobebi, romlebic gamowveulia wvimebiT. maT zogjer katastrofuli xasiaTi aqvT. mdinare luxuniswylis gamoyeneba SeiZleba energetikuli da satransporto daniSnulebiT rionisa da luxuniswylis garda raionSi araerTi mcire mdinarea. romelTac qvebis igive wyaro da reJimi gaaCniaT. raionis mdinareebi xasiaTdebian mnisvnelovani energetikuli potencialiT. raionis farglebSi formirdeba 1,1 km3 wylis resursi, zedapiruli Camonadeni 963 mm-s, xolo mezobeli regionebidan Semodineba 1,5 km3-s Seadgens. wylis saerTo resursi ambrolauris raionSi 2,6 km3-ia, riTac mas 22-e adgili uWiravs saqarTvelos administraciul erTeulebs Soris. bevria gamoyenebuli samkurnalo mineraluri wyalic (uravi, Wrebalo, abanoeTi, gorisubani, lixeTi da xidikari). raioni ar gamoirCeva tbebiT. mniSvnelovania mxolod WeliaRelisa da nakarevis (sawurblias tbebi). raionis Siga wylebis TaviseburebaTa analizisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs Saoris wyalsacavs (z.d. 1134 m), romelsac 13 kv. km farTobi uWiravs. misi siRrme 15 metria. wyliT amaragebs Saorhess. Saorhesis wyalsacavi mdebareobs sofel nikorwmindis maxloblad, Saoris qvabulSi, naqeralas qedis Crdilo ferdobze. Saoris wyalsacavis wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 126 km2-ia. qvabulis SemomsazRvreli qedebi agebulia qveda carculi karbonatuli qanebiT, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia saSualomTiani reliefi, ganviTarebuli karstuli procesebiT. qedebis ferdobebis qveda nawili dafarulia foTlovani tyeebiT. wyalsacavis agebamde qvabuli eWira mdinare Saorasa da mis Senakadebs (didiWala, qvagaxeTqili, TeTriwyali, xari da sxv), aqve mdebareobda ramdenime mcire tba (xarisTvali, ZroxisTvali da sawurblia). wyalsacavi gadaWimulia samxreT-dasavleTidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTisaken, saiTkenac TandaTan farTovdeba. mas tolferda samkuTxedis forma aqvs. wyalsacavi ikvebeba mcire mdinareebiT, agreTve karstuli wyaroebiT da naleqebiT (wyalsacavis sarkeze 1500 mm naleqi modis weliwadSi). wyalsacavis morfometriuli maCveneblebia: sarkis farTobi ................................................................9,2 km2 wylis moculoba ..............................................................90,6 mln. m3 saSualo siRrme .................................................................9,8 m maqsimaluri siRrme...........................................................14,5 m wyalsacavis wylis reJimi pirdapir kavSirSia Sevsebis pirobebsa da gamoyenebasTan, wyali maqsimalur moculobas mais-ivnisSi aRwevs. intensiuri gamoyenebis Sedegad ZiriTadad dekemberSi, donis saSualo wliuri amplituda cvalebadobs 536 sm-iT. maqsimaluri amplituda 1961 wels dafiqsirda 792 sm, xolo minimaluri 1958 wels - 375 sm-s. dakvirvebebis periodSi wylis yvelaze dabali temperatura aRiniSna ianvar-TebervalSi (00), maqsimaluri saSualo Tviuri temperatura (21,90) fiqsirdeba agvistoSi. yinulis safaris dnoba iwyeba martis bolosa da aprilis dasawyisSi. wyalsacavi yinulisagan mTlianad Tavisufldeba aprilis Sua ricxvebSi. wyalsacavze Relva umniSvneloa rogorc talRis simaRlis mixedviT, agreTve ganmeorebadobiT. mcenareuli safari, floristuli Sedgeniloba raWa-leCxumSi mcenareTa 1200-mde saxeobas iTvlian, romlebic 491 gvarsa da 106 ojaxs miekuTvnebian. saxeobaTa saerTo raodenobidan 272 kavkasiisa da saqarTvelos endemia (aqedan 110-saerTokavkasiuri, 99-kavkasionis, 54-saqarTvelos, 9-raWa-leCxumis endemia), aq sakmaod didi raodenobiTaa (33 saxeoba) dasavleT saqarTvelos kirqvuli ekotonebis endemebi. umTavres mcenareul simdidres qmnis tyeebi, romlebsac teritoriis saerTo farTobis TiTqmis 2/3 ukaviaT. aq gavrcelebulia muxa, wifeli, naZvi, soWi, fiWvi. maT Soris yvelaze maRalproduqtiul tyeebs qmnian naZvi da soWi, agreTve wifeli. zogan gvxvdeba tyis xeluxlebeli masivebic. tyeebSi xSiria kolxeTis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebi: Sqeri, wyavi, bza, jonjoli, xurma. aseve damaxasiaTebelia SedarebiT mSrali adgilsamyofelis mcenareulobac: Rvia, Sindi, zRmartli da sxv. ambrolauris raionis tyeebi I kategorias miekuTvneba, maT aqvT wyalmaregulirebeli, eroziisawinaaRmdego, zvavSemaferxebeli, agreTve rekreaciuli mniSvneloba. regionSi tyeebis usistemo Wra aRiniSneba XX- s-is 50-iani wlebidan, roca 1 ha tyis koromze erT jerze iCexeboda 300-400 m3 maRalxarisxiani xe-tye. amitom raionis tyeebis garkveul nawils Secvlili aqvs pirvandeli, bunebrivi saxe.
ambrolauris raioni sakmaod did simaRliT diapazons (z. d. 450-3562 m) moicavs, rac mcenareuli safaris mravalferovnebasa da mkafiod gamoxatul vertikalur sartylurobas ganapirobebs. aq warmodgenilia dasavleT kavkasionisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mTeli simaRliTi speqtri:
mTiswineTisa da qveda mTis tyis sartyeli vrceldeba raWa-leCxumis qvabulis qveda nawilSi, z.d. 600-900 m simaRlemde. arsad sxvagan dasavleT kavkasionze aRniSnuli sartyeli ase maRla ar adis. aq ZiriTadi tyeSemqmneli jiSebia: muxis sxvadasxva saxeoba (Quercus iberica; Quercus hartvissiana), kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus caucasica), xSiria Cveulebrivi wabli (Castanea sativa), gvxvdeba aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis), kavkasiuri fiWvi (Pinus sosnovski), Cveulebrivi nekerCxali (Acer campestre), ifani (Fraxinus excelsior), kavkasiuri cacxvi (Tilia caucasica), Tela (Ulmus carpinifolia), Cveulebrivi muryani (Alnus barbata). qvetyeSi gvxvdeba kolxuri Txili (Corylus colchica), kuneli (Crataegus kyrtostilla), bza (Buxus colchica), urTxeli (Taxus baccata), zRmartli (Mespilus germanica), ieli (Rhododendron luteum), kolxuri jonjoli (Staphilea colchica), didgula (Sambucus nigra), Cveulebrivi kowaxuri (Barberis vulgaris). tyeSi bevria gareuli xili: panta (pyrus caucasica), Sindi (Cornus mas), Tameli (Sorbus torminalis), maJalo (Malus orientalis), Zaxveli (Viburnum oulus), maRali mocvi (Vaccinium artostraphylos) da sxva. md. rionis marjvena mxares, z. d. 700 m simaRleze da upiratesad kirqvuli substratis samxreTis eqspoziciis ferdobebze (ambrolauris midamoebSi) gvxvdeba SedarebiT axalgazrda muxnar-fiWvnari tyeebi, sadac qvetyes umTavresad Trimli (Cotinus coggigria) qmnis. amgvarad, mTiswineTsa da qveda mTebSi bunebrivi mcenareuli safari warmodgenilia muxnar-rcxilnari, muxnari, zogan fiWvnari, rcxilnar- wiflnari da wablnari tyeebiT, romlebsac kolxuri tyis ieri dahkravT. dRes es tyeebi TiTqmis mTlianad ganadgurebulia an Zlier aris Secvlili. igi mxolod calkeuli fragmentebis saxiTaa SemorCenili soflebis: sxvavis, tbeTis, gogoleTis, Txmoris, Wrebalos da ximSis midamoebSi. mcenareuli safaris Zireuli Secvla aq ganpirobebulia teritoriis sameurneo aTvisebulobiT. xelsayrelma niadagur-klimaturma pirobebma gansazRvra soflis meurneobis intensiuri ganviTareba. aRniSnuli zona raWis yvelaze mWidrod dasaxlebuli regionia, sadac bunebrivi mcenareulobis adgili sasoflo_sameurneo kulturebs ukaviaT.
saSualo mTis tyeebi muqwiwvianebiTa da wiflnar_muqwiwvianebiT vrceldeba z.d. 1400-1500 m-is zemoT, TiTqmis 2000 m simaRlemde. ZiriTad tyeSemqmnel jiSebs aq 3 saxeoba qmnis: aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis), kavkasiuri soWi (Abies nordmanniana) da aRmosavluri naZvi (Picea orientalis). minarevis saxiT gvxvdeba wiflnarebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xe-mcenareebic. ZiriTadi mcenareuli formaciebia: wiflnar-soWnarebi, naZvnar_soWnarebi, wiflnar-naZvnarebi. raWis qedis Crdilo ferdobisaTvis mdidari kolxuri maradmwvane qvetyea damaxasiaTebeli, rac ar SeiZleba iTqvas leCxumis qedzec, sadac ufro tipuria tyeebi balaxovani an mkvdari safariT. maradmwvane buCqnarebidan gvxvdeba baZgi (Ilex colchica), Sqeri (Rhododendron ponticum), wyavi (Laurocerasus officinalis), da sxva. karstul qvabulSi Sqeri gauval bardebs - `Sqerians~ qmnis. sawalikis mTis midamoebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia wabli da urTxeli, romelic zRvis donidan 1600 m-mde qmnis urTxel-wablis tyeebs. karbonatul substraqtze tyeSemqmnel jiSTa Soris mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs fiWvic. aq tyeebi gaRaribebulia kolxuri elementebiT, romelTa adgilic ufro qserofitul saxeobebs ukaviaT. zeda mTis tyeebi z.d. 1800-1900 m-is zemoT vrceldeba. igi bunebrivad aris gameCxerebuli. ZiriTad tyeSemqmnel jiSebs warmoadgens dabalmzardi (saSualod 8 - 10 m simaRlis) aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis), maRalmTis bokvi (Acer trautvetterii), mTis nekerCxali (Acer psevdoplatinus). zogan gvxvdeba tirifi (Salix caprea), circelis sxvadasxva saxeoba: ampura (Sorbus cracea), gogosa (Sorbus subfusca), kolxuri circeli (Sorbus colchica) da sxva. maRali mTis sabalpuri da alpuri mdeloebi z.d. 2200-3300 m-is zemoT vrceldeba. maT ukaviaT ferdobebis zeda nawili da Txemuri zoli. aRniSnul sartyelSi gvxvdeba subalpuri tyeebi, dekianebi, marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani mdeloebi da alpuri mdeloebi. subalpurSi gavrcelebulia tanbrecili tyeebi, sadac ZiriTadi saxeobebia: meWeWiani aryis xe (Betula pendula), TeTri aryi (Betula litwinowii), mdgnali (Salix caprea), aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis), maRalmTis bokvi (Acer trautvetterii) da sxva. xSiria deka (Rhododendron caucasica), gvxvdeba mocvi (Vaccinium Myrtillus), wiTeli mocvi (Vaccinium vitis-ideae). balaxovani safaridan yvelaze xSiria laSqara (Symphytum asperum), tyis farsmanduki (Achillea bisserrata), quduna (Draba bryoides), mravalZarRva (Plantago caucasrca); tilWiri (Aconitum confertiflorum), barispira(Betonica macrantha), samkurnalo barispira (B. officanilis), mTis pitna (Calamintha grandiflora), angeloza (Angelica purpurascens, A. sylvestris); nari (Fringium giganteum) da sxv. alpuri mdeloebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli balaxovanebia: kenkeSa (Gadellia lactiflora), farsmanduki (Achillea miellefolium), astra (Aster alpinus), cxvris samyura (Trifolium ambiguum), WaRara samyura (Trifolium canescens), tilWiri (Aconitum confertiflorum) da sxv.
kldis mcenareuloba TiTqmis mTel simaRliT diapazonSi gvxvdeba. qveda da saSualo mTebSi kldeebze xarobs kavkasiuri fiWvi, Rvia. balaxovnebidan _ mixaki, qoTana. farsmanduki, ia, buskantura, Citis birka, Warela, begqondara da sxv. botanikur-geografiuli daraioneba mcenareuli safris vertikaluri sartylurobis zemoT xsenebuli struqtura kolxur iers atarebs da damaxasiaTebelia ambrolauris raionis udidesi teritoriisaTvis. Tumca zogan adgili aqvs am zogadi kanonzomierebidan gadaxras, rac gansazRvravs kidec Sidaregionul gansxvavebulobas esoden mcire farTobis teritoriaze. raionis tyeebis udides nawilSi TiTqmis mTeli simaRliT diapazonSi aris warmodgenili kolxuri maradmwvane qvetye. misgan gansxvavebulia leCxumis qedis samxreTi ferdobi, sadac maradmwvane buCqnarebi umTavresad mTis tyis qveda sartyelSi - muxnarebisa da wiflnarebisaTvisaa damaxasisaTebeli. muqwiwviani tyeebis gavrcelebis arealSi aq maradmwvane qvetye gaRaribebulia an saerTod ar aris ganviTarebuli. maTTvis ufro tipiuria mkvdarsafriani da balaxovansafriani tyeebi. gamonaklisia askiswylisa da luxuniswylis xeobebis calkeuli ubnebi, sadac gvxvdeba maradmwvane qvetyiani muqwiwvianebis sakmaod mZlavri masivebi. aRniSnuli raionis farglebSi mcenareulobis vertikaluri sartylurobis kolxuri tipis garda damaxasiaTebelia e.w. `sawalikis~ varianti. igi moicavs ambrolauri raionis samxreT nawils _ sawalikis mTisa da Saoris wyalsacavis midamoebs. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia mTis tyis Sua sartyelSi jer muqwiwvianebis, Semdeg ki wiflnarebis gavrceleba, rac uiSviaTesi movlenaa kolxeTis mTeli botanikur-geografiuli provinciisaTvis. ambrolauris raionis teritoriaze 2 botanikur-geografiuli raioni gamoiyofa.
raWa-leCxumis maRalmTiani raionisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mcenareuli safaris vertikaluri sartyluroba. aq kolxuri tipis wiflnari da muqwiwviani tyeebi SedarebiT ufro maRla vrceldeba. magaliTad, mdinare lataSuriswylis (luxuniswylis marjvena Senakadi) zemo welSi z.d. 2100 m simaRleze vrceldeba dabaltaniani tyeebi wifliTa da nekerCxliT. ambrolauris raionSi zogierTi xemcenare 2000 m-is zemoT gvxvdeba, Tumca isini ver aRweven iseT maRal simaRliT safexurebs (z.d. 2600-2700 m), rogorc es aris damaxasiaTebeli zemo raWisaTvis. tyian sartyelSi xSirad iWreba deka. raWis kirqvuli qedsa da raWa-leCxumis qvabulSi tyeebis mTeli simaRliTi speqtrisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia maradmwvane qvetyis zonaluri arseboba. SezRuduli gavrcelebisaa subalpuri mdeloebi, xolo subnivaluri da nivaluri sartylebi saerTod ar gvxvdeba. kirqvuli ubnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia kalcefiluri mcenareuloba. aRniSnul botanikur-geografiul raionSi gaerTianebulia 3 qveraioni:
cxovelTa samyaros bunebriv_landSafturi zonaloba ambrolauris raionis tyis fondis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli xerxemliani cxovelebi cxrili #1
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