Msoflio bankis satyeo seqtoris ganviTarebis proeqti

kordian-karbonatuli niadagebi
kordian-karbonatuli niadagebi ambrolauris raionSi mTa-goriani reliefis pirobebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli soflebis: xotevis, caxis, bostanas, xvanWkaras, ambrolauris, Wrebalos, WyviSis, xidiskaris, Ziregu­lis, znakvas, iluRis, velevis, sxvavas, wesis, WeliaReles, namanevis teri­to­ri­ebze.

kordian-karbonatuli niadagebi gacrcelebulia yomralebTan kompleq­sSi. reliefi danawevrebuli zedapiriTaa warmodgenili. Zlier da saSu­alod daxril ferdobebze ganviTarebulia saSualo da mcire sisqis nia­da­gebi sustad da saSualod Ccamorecxili niadaguri safariT. Cadable­bul da rbili moxazulobis reliefur formebze ki ganviTarebulia didi da saSualo sisqis aTvisebuli niadagebi.

Qkordian-karbonatuli niadagebi umetesad erozirebulia, amitom humusi­a­ni horizonti nawilobriv gadarecxilia.

meqanikuri analizis monacemebiT, fizikuri Tixis (<0,01 mm) raodenoba kordian-karbonatuli niadagebis A + B fenebSi 40,6-77,4%-s Soris cvalebadobs, rac niadagis mZime Tixnar da saSualo Tixa meqanikur Sedgenilobaze miuTiTebs. lamis fraqcia (<0,001 mm), calkeuli gamonaklisebis garda, maRalia. misi maCvenebeli 17-54%-s Soris cvalebadobs. higroskopuli wyali niadagSi 3,1-8,4%-s Soris icvleba.

Seswavlili kordian-karbonatuli niadagi mcire da saSualo humusiania. akumulaciur horizontSi misi Semcveloba 1,1-5,1%-s Soris cvale­ba­dobs, calkeul maRalhumusian monakveTebSi ki 5,5-7,1%-s Seadgens. saerTo azoti humusTan SesabamisobaSia, romlis maCvenebeli 0,1-0,4%-s Sorisaa.

vinaidan gorak-borcviani da mTagoriani reliefi xels uwyobs zedapirul Camorecxvas, niadagdacviTi RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi upirveles amocanas warmoadgens.QaRniSnuli niadagebis nayofirebis amaRlebis RonisZiebaTa Soris aRsaniSnavia: fitomelioracia, dateraseba, organul-mineraluri sasuqebis gamoyeneba da mTeli rigi agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebi.

aluviuri niadagebi
aluviuri niadagebi ambrolauris raionSi gavrcelebulia md. rio­nisa da misi Senakadebis gaswvriv vake da talRovan vake reliefis pirobebSi, da metnaklebi siganis zolebis saxiT gasdevs mdinareebs. niadagwarmomqmneli qanebi sxvadasxva sisqisa da xnovanebis aluviuri nafe­ne­bia.

meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT, niadagSi fizikuri Tixis fraqciis (<0,01 mm) raodenoba did farglebSi (29-65%) cvalebadobs, rac msubuqi, saSualo da mZime Tixnar Sedgenilobaze miuTiTebs. calkeuli profilebi msubuqi Tixa Sedgenilobisaa. higroskopiuloba 3,2-5,4%-ia.

humusis SemcvelobiT niadagi Raribia (1,8-3,4%), iSviaT SemTxvevebSi 6,7%-s Seadgens. qveda fenebSi humusi SedarebiT Tanabrad nawildeba (3,5-1,4-0,8%). humusTan korelaciur kavSirSia saerTo azoti _ 0,09-0,15%. mcenarisaTvis SesaTvisebeli xsnadi fosforiT niadagi Zlier gaRaribebulia, romlis maCveneblebi 0,5-3,8 mg-s ar aRemateba 100 gr niadagze.


landSaftebi
ambrolauris raionSi warmodgenilia Semdegi ZiriTadi landSaftebi:

1. 
   qveda mTis humiduri, zomierad Tbili, qvabulisa da qveda mTis, eroziul_akumulaciuri, muxnari, rcxilnari da wiflnari tyeebiT, aluviur niadagebze
   
2. 
   Sua mTis humiduri, zomierad Tbili, eroziul_denudaciuri, wiflnari tyeebiT da kolxuri qvetyiT tyis yomral niadagebze
   
3. 
   Sua mTis humiduri, zomierad Tbili, karstuli, wiflnari tyeebiT da maradmwvane qvetyiT
   
4. 
   Sua mTis, zomierad civi, eroziul_denudaciuri, wiflnar_muqwiwviani da muqwiwviani tyeebiT da maradmwvane qvetyiT
   
5. 
   zeda mTis, zomierad civi, eroziul_denudaciuri, iSviaTad paleoglacialuri, arynari, iSviaTad naZvnari, fiWvnari an dabaltaniani muxnari tyeebiT
   

tyiani landSaftebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi tipis vertikaluri struqturebi:

_Q5v _ mezoqserofituli makrostruqturebi;

_F5v _ humiduri mezofituri makrostruqturebi;

_T5w _ muqwiwviani_mezofitur_foTlovani makrostruqturebi;

_T5n _ muqwiwviani, mkvdarsafriani makrostruqturebi;

_T5i _ muqwiwviani, balaxeulobis makrostruqrurebi;

_K5w _ kolxuri humiduri makrostruqturebi maradmwvane qvetyiT;

socialur-ekonomikur TaviseburebaTa geografia
miwis fondi
abrolauris raioni, iseve rogorc yvela mTiani regioni, mcire miwianobiT gamoirCeva. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom miwis fondis struqturaSi, XX saukunis meore naxevarSi, mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi aRiniSna. 1950 wlidan dRemde saxnaviT warmodgenili miwebis farTobi Semcirda 4,8-jer (1950 w.- 9,7 aTasi ha; 1999 w. -- 2041 aTasi ha); mravalwliani nargaoba jer Semcirda (1950 w. - 3,5 aTasi ha; 1985 w. -- 787 ha), xolo Semdeg wlebSi gaizarda (1999 w. -- 1717 ha). amave periodSi aRiniSna saTibebiT da saZovrebiT warmodgenili farTobebis gaormageba (1999 w. -- 25,3 aTasi ha) da sakarmidamo nakveTebis farTobis 4-jer Semcireba, romlis adgilic wiwvovanebma daikaves.

raionSi demografiuli da sociul-ekonomikuri procesebis uaryofiTi xasiaTi gvafiqrebinebs, rom aRniSnuli struqturuli da Tvisebrivi cvlilebebi kvlav ganviTardeba.

sasoflo - sameurneo gamoyenebis miwebi

ambrolauriraionSi saxnavi miwebis umetesi nawili dakavSirebulia mdinareTa xeobebis terasebTan da proluviur, akumulaciur vakeebTan, romelTac swori da mcire daxrilobis zedapiri axasiaTebT.

md. rionis Walebi da Waliszeda terasebi swored aseT akumulaciur vakeebs warmoadgenen da nayofieri, aluviuri niadagebiT arian dafaruli. mcire daxrilobis – 0-5⁰ da kargi danestianebis gamo, es miwebi xelsayrelia marcvlovani kulturebisaTvis da masze simindi mohyavT. SedarebiT mcire farTobebi ukavia mravalwlian nargavobas _ venaxs da xexilis baRebs. mevenaxeobis araordinaluri produqcia raionSi am kulturiT dakavebuli farTobebis zrdis garantiaa.

md. rionis marjvena ferdobi, sof. WyviSis, Wrebalos, xvanWkaris, Corjos, tolas, sadmelis da kvacxuTis midamoebSi xasiaTdeba umeteswilad cicabo ferdobebiT da saxnavi miwebis simciriT. niadagis fena mcire simZlavris, xSirad Zlier gadarecxili da xirxatiania, amitom aq wamyvani roli iseT kulturebs gaaCniaT, romelic ar moiTxovs didi simZlavris da kargad danestianebul niadags. vazisaTvis da xexilis nargavebisaTvis aseTi gamozidvis konusebi da samxreTi eqspoziciis, kargad ganaTebuli ferdobebi saukeTeso ekologiur garemos qmnis. amitom es zoli Tavisi niadaguri da hidroTermuli pirobebis mixedviT mevenaxeobisaTvis idealur monakveTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom md. askiswylis, orRelis, Corjoswylis, Rviaras da sxvaTa xeobebSi miwebis nawili degradirebulia eroziuli da gravigenuli procesebis Sedegad. maSin, roca aRniSnuli teritoriebi muSavdeboda, tardeboda Sesabamisi samelioracio samuSaoebi. amJamad anTropogenuri zemoqmedeba ZiriTadad pirutyvis ZovebiT gamoixateba, rac uaryofiTad moqmedebs niadagis simZlavreze da aRdgenadobaze. Sedegad ganviTarebulia mewyrebi, ukusvliTi erozia, Caqcevebi da qvaTacvenebi, rac iwvevs bedlendebis warmoqmnas. yovelive aman SeiZleba uaryofiTad imoqmedos raionis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. aseve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom am zolSi arsebuli wylis nakadebi umeteswilad Rvarcoful xevebs warmoadgenen, ramac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas rogorc maT auzSi mdebare sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebs, ise dasaxlebul punqtebs.

md. rionis marcxena ferdobi aseve ar gamoirCeva saxnavi miwebis siWarbiT. aq metwilad warmodgenilia saSualo daxrilobis uswormasworo ferdobebi, romlebic Zveli terasebiT an mewyruli sxeulebis movakebuli zedapirebiT icvleba. isini umeteswilad dafarulia murynariT da fiWvnar-ekalRiWiani amonayriT. es zoli hifsometriulad 1000-1200 m-mde vrceldeba da moicavs: sof. sakeciis, znakvis, bugeulis, qedisubnis, Savras, RadiSis, caxis da Rvardiis mimdebare teritoriebs. aq ganviTarebulia aqtiuri mewyruli procesebi, rac amcirebs miwaTmoqmedebisaTvis vargisi teritoriis farTobs. saxnavad gamoiyeneba SedarebiT damreci ferdobebi, romelzec simindi, lobio, kartofili da bostneul-baRCeuli kulturebia warmodgenili. xexilisaTvis da venaxebisaTvis SedarebiT mSrali da kargad ganaTebuli ferdobebi gamoiyeneba. saerTod, am zolSi mevenaxeobisaTvis bevrad uaresi pirobebia, vidre xvanWkara-sadmelis monakveTSi. amitom venaxebs gacilebiT mcire farTobi ukaviaT (znakvas da qedisubnis gamoklebiT). soflebs Soris mdebare miwebi da cicabo ferdobebi saTibebad da saZovrebad aris gamoyenebuli. unda aRiniSnos, rom saTibi da saZovari miwebis fondi am zonaSi mcirea. es gansakuTrebiT exeba RadiSi-patara onis monakveTs, sadac saTibebi TiTqmis ar aris, mcirea saZovrebic. saTibi da saZovari miwebis farTobebi SedarebiT mniSvnelovania sof. znakvas, sxvavas, muxlis da futieTis midamoebSi.

md. luxunis xeobaSi saxnavi miwebi ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia marcvleuli da parkosani kulturebisaTvis, kartofilis naTesebisaTvis. SedarebiT mcire farTobi ukavia venaxs da xexilis nargavebs. miwaTmo-qmedebisaTvis vargisi miwebi maqsimaluradaa aTvisebuli.

raWis qedis Crdilo ferdobebi da Saoris wyalsacavis mimdebare adgilebi gamoirCeva Zlier cicabo, kldovani reliefiT, sadac miwebis mniSvnelovani nawili soflis meurneobisaTvis gamousadegaria. saxnavi miwebis umetesi wili aq karstuli warmoSobis, SedarebiT naklebi daxrilobis mqone dolinebSi da uvalebSia moTavsebuli. niadagi neSompala-karbonatulia, zeda fenebSi humusis maRali SemcvelobiT. naTesebis mniSvnelovani farTobi aq kartofils ukavia, garkveuli nawili simindisa da lobios naTesebs. venaxebi metad mcire farTobebzea warmodgenili da es sruliad gamarTlebulicaa, radgan aq metad araxelsayreli pirobebia mevenaxeobisaTvis. nikorwminda-velevis monakveTSi mniSvnelovani farTobi uWiravs xexilis nargavebs. sapirispiro mdgomareobaa beTlevi-Sxivanas zolSi da futieTSi, sadac soflis meurneoba mekartofileobaze da mecxoveleobazea orientirebuli. amis pirobebs qmnis SedarebiT maRali hifsometriuli mdebareoba da raWis qedis Txemur nawilSi subalpuri mdeloebis siaxlove, romlebsac ZiriTadad saTibebad iyeneben.

mosaxleoba
1998 wlis 1 ianvris monacemebiT ambrolauris raionSi 16030 kaci cxovrobda, rac qveynis mosaxleobis 0.33%_s Seadgens. mosaxleobis simWidrovea 14 kaci 1kv.km_ze, rac TiTqmis 6-jer naklebia saerTo respublikur maCvenebelze.

mosaxleobis raodenobis dinamika gviCvenebs, rom igi metad uaryofiTi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba. Semcirda mosaxleobis raodenoba (20%), mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils (erTi mesamedi) xandazmuli moqalaqeebi warmoadgenen.

cxrili 2

mosaxleobis raodenoba, kaci 1998 w.	16030
mosaxleobis raodenoba, kaci 1997 w.	16305
mosaxleobis raodenoba, kaci 1989 w.	18000
mosaxleobis raodenoba, kaci 1980 w.	20300
mosaxleobis raodenoba 16 wlamde asakis, 1998 w.	1895
mosaxleobis raodenoba (60 w_ze xnovani), 1998 w.	5165

ganuxrelad izrdeba im dasaxlebul punqtTa raodenoba, romlebSic mosaxleobis raodenoba umniSvneloa. aRsaniSnavia, rom raionis mosaxle-obis udidesi nawili (85%) soflad cxovrobs.

mosaxleobis raodenoba	dasaxlebuli punqtis raodenoba	xvedriTi wili dasaxlebul punqtTa saerTo raodenobaSi (%)
100 kacamde mcxovrebi	21	33.33
101-dan 200 kacamde	19	30.16
201-dan 500 kacamde	16	25.4
501-dan 1000 kacamde	6	9.52
1000 kacze meti	1	1.59
dausaxlebeli punqti	1	-----

raionSi 1000 kacze meti mcxovrebia raionul centr ambrolaurSi (2900 kaci); 501-dan 1000 kacamde soflebSi: nikorwminda (858 kaci), uravi (732 kaci), lixeTi (619 kaci), xvanWkara (681 kaci), wesi (710 kaci) da kvacxuTi (503 kaci).

saqarTveloSi urbanizaciis intensiobam mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia mTiani mosaxleobis raodenobasa da dinamikaze. igive iTqmis ambrolauris raionzec, aq 1998 wels, 1939 welTan SedarebiT, mosaxleoba 57,3 %-iT (naxevarze metiT) Semcirda.
mosaxleobis raodenobis dinamika 1939-1998 wlebSi (aTasi kaci)

wlebi	1939	1980	1990	1995	1996	1998
raionis mosaxleoba	38,2	20,3	18	17,1	16,9	16,0
qalaqi	1,1	2,6	2,8	2,9	2,9	2,9
sofeli	37,1	16,7	15,2	14,2	14	13,4

raionis mosaxleobis Semcirebis tempi 70-iani wlebidan ZiriTadad migraciuli procesebis Sedegad gaZlierda. gansakuTrebiT mcirdeba soflis mosaxleoba (1939 welTan SedarebiT 64 %-iT). aRsaniSnavia, rom soflis mosaxleobis Semcirebis fonze izrdeba qalaqis mosaxleoba, rac ZiriTadad raionis Sidamigraciulma procesebma, kerZod soflebidan raionul centrSi migraciam ganapiroba.

komunakaciebi, gzebi
ambrolauridan Tbilisamde manZili 290 kilometria, uaxloes rkinigzis sadguramde _ tyibulamde 43 kilometri, uaxloes sazRvao portamde _ foTamde 200 km. amrolaurs istoriulad demografiuli da socialur_ekonomikuri `miziduloba~ qalaq quTaisTan gaaCnia, romelic misgan 96 kilometriTaa daSorebuli.

raionSi magistraluri mniSvnelobis gzebi ar gadis. respublikuri mniSvnelobis gzis saerTo sigrZe 73,7 km-s, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis ki 238,3 km-s Seadgens. maTgan myari safariT dafarulia 85,7 km, xolo gruntis gzebis sigrZe 226, kilometria.

meurneoba
ambrolauri odiTganve sasoflo sameurneo raionia. misi sabiujeto da saxazino Semosavlebis 70-80% soflis meurneoba iZleva. meurneobis sxva dargebi: mrewveloba, mSenebloba, transporti, energetika, kavSirgabmuloba da sxv. XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis Semdgomi periodis pirmSoa. soflis mcxovrebTa saojaxo biujetis 80_90% sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebaze modis.

soflis meurneoba warmodgenilia dargebiT: mevenaxeoba, mecxoveleoba. marcvleulis meurneoba, mexileoba da mecxoveleoba. mexileobam dakarga samrewvelo mimarTuleba, radgan raionSi sakonservo warmoeba Sewyda. mecxoveleobam, romelic tradiciulad mZlavri da Semosavliani dargi iyo, kustaruli xasiaTi miiRo, radgan raionis mecxoveleobis produqciis realizacia mTlianad erTi bazris bedis anabaradaa darCenili da mosaxleoba iZulebulia, xelovnurad Seamciros pirutyvi.

dargSi Seqmnili mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli ekonomikuri krizisis gamoZaxilia, raionis ar hyofnis sakuTari saSualebebi misi gamosworebisaTvis. ara da regions soflis meurneobas ganviTarebis didi rezervebi aqvs. aqedan erT-erTi umTavresia misi gamorCeuli ekologiuri siwminde da xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi (kvebiTi Rirebuleba), romelsac msoflioSic bevri analogi ar moeZebneba.

dargSi prioritetuli, rogorc dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, aseve perspeqtiviTac, mevenaxeobaa. ukve saqveynod cnobili ambrolauris unikaluri bunebrivad naxevradtkbili Rvinoebi ,,xvanWkara”, ,,raWuli TeTra’’, romlebic aborigenuli vazis jiSis yurZnisagan mzaddeba. amJamad damzadeba Semcirda 300 – 500 tonamde. mis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezia Rvinis warmoebis teqnologiis CamorCeniloba, ris gamoc Sedegs ar iZleva falsifikaciasTan brZola, aseT pirobebSic 1 litri ,,xvanWkara’’ saerTaSoriso bazarze 10-15 dolarad saRdeba, rac ramdenjerme aRemateba mis TviTRirebulebas. amJamad mevenaxeoba raionis sabiujeto Semosavlis erT-erTi mTavari sayrdenia. raionSi SeiZleba damzaddes 1000 tonamde bunebrivad naxevradtkbili Rvinoebi, momavalSi ki misi gazrda umniSvnelo danaxarjebiT SeiZleba 3000 tonamde. saWiroa arsebuli Rvinis qarxnebis teqnologiuri gadaiaraReba da raWuli Rvinis saerTaSoriso bazarze gatanisaTvis reklamis gaweva.

ambrolaurSi rogorc kulturuli, aseve veluri xilis didi resursebia. dRevandel pirobebSic ki wliurad 10-15 aTasi tona kulturuli xilis damzadeba SeiZleba. Semosavlis es didi wyaro TiTqmis 80 %-iT gamouyenebelia.

raionSi SeiZleba wliurad 50 tonaze meti Tafli damzaddes, dRevandel pirobebSic Tu misi realizacia iqneba uzrunvelyofili. maTTvis sakmarisia, ganxorcieldes mza produqciis Tanamedrove teqnologiiT dafasoeba. misi TviTRirebulebac dabalia 1kg_3-4 amerikuli dolari.

ambrolauris raions xe-tyis didi resursebi aqvs. gavrcelebulia rogorc wiwvovani, aseve foTlovani xe-mcenareebi: naZvi, soWi, wifeli, wabli da sxva maRalxarisxovani merqnis momcemi jiSebi. wliurad raionSi saSualod mzaddeba 20-25 aTasi kubur metramde xe-tye. aqedan wiwvovania 60%. wiwvovani jiSis erTi kuburi metri merqani Rirs 90 – 100 lari, foTlovani jiSisa ki 130-150 lari. amJamad raionSi damzadebuli xe-masala umniSvneloa - 1000-1200 kuburi metri.

ambrolauris raioni mdidaria samkurnalo mcenareebiT.

ambrolauris raionSi turizmis ganviTarebis unikaluri SesaZleblobebia: vrceli alpuri landSafti, mravalferovani fauna (daTvi, mgeli, jixvi, arCvi, mela, kurdReli, kverna, wavi, maCvi, frinveli). maradiuli TovliT dafaruli mTebi, wyaluxvi mdinareebi (rioni, riceula, luxuni, Sareula, krixula), 1400 ha-ze ganfenili Saoris wyalsacavi (mdidaria Zvirfasi jiSis TevzebiT), romelic sami mxridan: CrdiloeTi, samxreTi, dasavleTi SemozRudulia maradmwvane da foTlovani jiSis mcenareebiT dafaruli maRali mTebiT. aq SeiZleba moewyos mravali saxis turizmis (saialqno sporti, wyalburTi, hokei, ciguraoba, monadireoba, slalomi, cxenosnoba.) industriuli kompleqsi, romelic uaxloesi saavtomobilo, sarkinigzo da sahaero transportiT iqneba dakavSirebuli nebismier administraciul da samrewvelo centrebTan.

ambrolaurs saTbob-energetikuli resursebis didi rezervebi aqvs. ambrolauris raionSi daZebnili da gamovlenilia Zvirfasi samSeneblo da mosapirkeTebeli masalebis: granitis, TabaSiris, kirqvebis, teSenitebis uzarmazari sabadoebi, romelTa eqsploatacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Ria karieris pirobebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom adgilobrivi TabaSiri Semowmebulia da CaTvlilia maRalxarisxovnad faifuris mrewvelobisaTvis. maTi amoqmedeba didi Semosavlis miRebis perspeqtivebs qmnis. italiis mxaresTan am dargSi TanamSromloba xelsayreli iqneba.

ekonomikuri reformebi da privatizacia
saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikuri reformis ZiriTadi arsi mdgomareobs mesakuTreTa axali fenis CamoyalibebaSi da sabazro ekonomikis principebis damkvidrebaSi. mesakuTreTa axali fenis Camoyalibeba pirdapiraa dakavSirebuli privatizebis procesTan. ambrolauris raionSi privatizacias daqvemdebarebuli 61 obieqtidan ukve privatizirebulia 43 obieqti, romelTagan 26 obieqti efeqturad funqcionirebs.

gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia sami Rvinis qarxana, romlebmac privatizebis Semdeg gaaqtiures muSaoba, uSveben konkurentunarian produqcias da ewevian warmoebuli produqciis eqsports. raionSi warmoebuli samrewvelo produqciis 77% modis kerZo seqtorze, vaWrobasa da momsaxureobaSi ki es maCvenebeli ufro didia.

privatizaciis Sedegad mwyobrSi Cadga mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi umoqmedod myofi riceulis hidroeleqtrosadguri, romelsac amJamad SeuZlia weliwadSi 15-18 mln. kvt/sT eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba,

mniSvnelovani movlena iyo privatizaciis procesSi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadacema. kerZo sakuTrebaSia gadacemuli raionis saxnavi miwebis 100% - anu 1788 ha, mravalwliani nargaveebis 100% anu 1509 ha, saTibebis 54% -- 1788 ha.

kultura, ganaTleba
ambrolaurSi bevri istoriuli da kulturis Zeglia, romlebic asaks VIII saukunidan iTvlian. amJamad raionis teritoriaze pasportizebulia 80-mde istoriuli Zegli, romelTagan msoflio mniSvnlobisaa X saukunis nikorwmindis wminda nikolozis saxelobis taZari. raionSi funqcionirebs 23 saSualo da arasruli saSualo zogadsaganmanaTleblo skola 1375 moswavliT, 13 skolamdeli dawesebuleba, 2 skolisgareSe dawesebuleba, sportuli skola. aRzrda-ganaTlebas emsaxureba 452 maswavlebeli, maTi 80% umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqonea.

raionSi funqcionirebs saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis raWis mosamzadebeli da dauswrebeli ganyofileba.

tyeebis ekologiuri mdgomareoba
ambrolauris raionSi tyeebis ekologiuri mdgomareoba metad nairgvaria. qveda zonaSi, soflebis maxloblad mdebare teritoriebi saTibebs da saZovrebs ukavia, romlis maxloblad mdebare tyis masivebi xSirad degradirebul saxes atareben. asea magaliTad, md. askiswylis, Saraulas, Corjoswylis, Rviaras xeobebSi, md. riceulis, luxunis, qoreTulis, sawisqvilosRelis qvemo welSi, md. xoteuras, krixulas, znakvuras, qvabtkaras xeobebSi. md. rionis marjvena mxares, saelios qedis samxreT ferdobze. sof. Corjos, sadmelis, bostnas, Rviaras, tolas, xvanWkaras, Wrebalos da JoSxas midamoebSi gavrcelebuli fiWvnari tye meoradi warmoSobisaa da dakavSirebulia warsulSi am teritoriis sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebad gamoyenebasTan. meoradi fiWvnari tye daaxloebiT 20-30 wlisaa. amJamad aq Cexvis kvali ar SeimCneva, uxvadaa warmodgenili buCqnari da balaxeuli iarusi, rac dakavSirebulia fiWvnaris qveda iarusebSi ganaTebis maRal xarisxTan. buCqnarTan erTad sakmaod farTo masStabiTaa gavrcelebuli pirvelad cenozTa mozardi, romelic jagrcxiliT da muxiT aris warmodgenili. es Cveulebrivi movlenaa 600-1000 m-is simaRleze. samxreT eqspoziciis ferdobebze, jagrcxilasTan erTad, iSviaTad derivatebis saxiT, izrdeba mindvris nekerCxali da akacia. aseve kargi ganaTebulobis niSania Rviis, CitavaSlas da ekalRiWis gamoCena.

md. rionis marcxena mxares, sof. ximSis midamoebSi, fiWvnari tye daaxloebiT 800 m-mde vrceldeba. igi sof. sxvavas mimarTulebiT, Txemisken icvleba muxnar-rcxilnariT da rcxilnariT, samxreTi eqspoziciis ferdobze isev fiWvnariT, romlis asaki daaxl. 30-40 welia. Cexvis kvali mcirea. fiWvnarebSi tyis sixSire 0.5-0.6 ar aRemateba. sof. Sxivanas da velevis midamoebSi, md. rusTavis da xoteuras xeobaSi, rogorc Cans fiWvnari pirveladi warmoSobisaa, radgan metad farTo masStabiTaa gavrcelebuli. anTropogenuri transformaciis xarisxi aq mcirea. tyis asaki umTavresad 70-80 welia. xSirad xeebis saSualo simaRle 20-22 m-s aRwevs, rac maT mniSvnelovan samrewvelo mniSvnelobas aniWebs. Tumca xoteuras xeobaSi tyis am TvalsazrisiT gamoyeneba rekomendirebuli ar aris, radgan aq farTo monakveTze ganviTarebulia ukusvliTi erozia da warmoqmnilia ekocidirebuli teritoriebi. sof. Sxivanas da sxartalis midamoebSi sakmaod mcire daxrilobis ferdobebze niadagis fena gadarecxilia da warmoqmnilia gaSiSvlebebi. tyis samrewvelo Wris SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia intensiuri gadarecxva, perioduli nakadebisagan siRrmiTi erozia da daxramva.

md. akiswylis, Rviaras da Corjoswylis xeobebSi mTis qveda sartyelSi mimdinareobs mudmivi Wrebi, ris gamoc muxnar-rcxilnari tye bevrgan Secvlilia jagrcxilnar-muxnari derivatebiT. am monakveTSi metad intensiuria mewyruli procesebi, cicabo ferdobebze ganviTarebulia ukusvliTi erozia da Caqcevebi, rasac moyveba intensiuri qvaTacvenebi. Wris gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, mosalodnelia am procesis ufro didi intensiobiT ganviTareba da sxva katastrofuli movlenebis ganviTareba (Rvarcofebi, ekocidirebuli teritoriebis warmoqmna da sxv). md. riceulis xeobaSi, nasoflar kldisubnis maxloblad, yofili sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis (baRebis, venaxebis) adgilze ganviTarebulia jagrcxilnar-muxnari da muxnar-rcxilnari tye mindvris nekerCxlis da ifanis monawileobiT, TuTiT da kuneliT. aq niadagis fena metad mcire simZlavrisaa da ganviTarebulia intensiuri qvaTacvenebi. Wris gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, adgili eqneba bedlendiseburi an ekocidirebuli reliefis warmoqmnas. md. luxunis qvemo welSi sof. uravis da lixeTis midamoebSi, soflis maxloblad muxnar-wablnari tye Zlier degradirebulia da zogjer derivatebis saxes Rebulobs. ferdobebi Zlier cicaboa da xSiria ferdobuli procesebi, Caqcevebi da gverdiTi erozia. sof. uravis zemoT ganviTarebulia mewyeri, romlis sigrZe ramodenime aseul metrs udris. yovelive es migvaniSnebs imaze, rom es adgili aqtiuri geodinamiuri procesebis ganviTarebis areSi eqceva da Wris Catareba did riskTan aris dakavSirebuli. luxunis Sua welSi, wiflnar da rcxilnar-wiflnar tyeebSi SeiniSneba warsulSi Wris kvali. Tumca dResdReobiT aqtiurad mimdinareobs tyis aRdgenis procesi, axalgazrda wiflnarebSi tyis sixSire zoggan 0.9 aRwevs, rac momavalSi mZlavri wiflnari tyis formirebaze migvaniSnebs.

muxnar-rcxilnari da rcxilnar-wiflnari tye mcired aris transformirebuli sof. krixis midamoebSi, sadac SeimCneva gaCexvis kvali. yofili saZovrebis da mdeloebis adgilze ganviTarebulia verxvis mcire koromebi. aseTive mdgomareobaa xotevi-ambrolauris monakveTSi, sadac tyis asaki daaxl. 70-80 welia, adgili aqvs umniSvnelo Wras, xolo mis dasavleTiT mdebare qvabtkaras xeobaSi, Wrebi saerTod ar mimdinareobs (metad cicabo reliefis gamo). SedarebiT mcire daxrilobis, eluviur-akumulaciur fedobebze SeimCneva warsulSi mciredi gaCexvis kvali, magram aq Wrebi mainc ar aris rekomendirebuli, radgan kirqvebis gamo niadagis fena mcire simZlavrisaa, wvimebis dros SesaZlebelia misi gadarecxva, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi ki adgili eqneba dakarstvas. analogiuri situaciaa saelios qedis Crdilo ferdobze, sadac warmodgenilia polidominanturi tye cacxvis, Telis, muxis, nekerCxlis da qarTuli Txilis monawileobiT, agreTve maradmwvane qvetyiT. 5-10⁰ daxrilobis ferdobze Wrebis Catareba rekomendirebuli ar aris karstuli Zabrebisa da sasuleebis arsebobis gamo, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ganviTardeba intensiuri karstuli procesebi.

sof. patara onis da zeda Savras midamoebSi rcxilnar-wiflnari da wiflnari tye ZiriTadad axalgazrda asakisaa, (daaxl. 40-50 w.), rac warsulSi intensiuri Wraze miuTiTebs. zogierT adgilebSi mimdinareobs masobrivi Cexva, rac xSirad farTobul xasiaTs atarebs, Tumca es adgilebi cicabo reliefiT ar xasiaTdeba, arc kirqvul zolSi ar eqceva da raime saSiSi geodinamiuri procesis ganviTarebas adgili ar eqneba. unda aRiniSnos, isic, rom 1-2 wlis win gaCexil adgilebSi ukve dawyebulia TviTganaxlebis procesi, gvaqvs didi raodenobiT amonayari. TviTaRdgenadobis aseTi maRali xarisxi unda avxsnaT imiT, rom gaCexili tye jer kidev Camoyalibebis stadiaSi imyofeboda da zrda ar qonda dasrulebuli.

md. Saraulas xeobaSi, marcxena ferdobze, gzebis ararsebobis gamo intensiuri Wrebi ar mimdinareobs. 800-1000 m-is simaRleze ganviTarebulia kvazixeluxlebeli polidominanturi kolxuri tye wiflis, cacxvis, qarTuli Txilis, Telis, nekerCxlis, rcxilis kolxuri bzis da iSviaTad wablis monawileobiT, kolxuri qvetyiT, wyaviT, baZgiTa da suroTi. simaRlis matebasTan erTad icvleba rcxilnar-wiflnariT. Txemur nawilSi wiflnar-muqwiwviani tyea warmodgenili, sadac ukve SeimCneva Wris kvali. xeobis ZirSi, sadac danestianeba ufro maRalia, kolxuri bzis koromebi didi saxSiris (0.7-0.8) gauval rayas qmnis polidominanturi da Txmelnar-naZvnari tyis qveda iarusSi (7-10 m-mde simaRleze).

Saraulas Sua da qvemo welSi, marjvena ferdobze anTropogenuri transformacia SedarebiT didia, Tumca cicabo reliefis gamo intensiur Wrebs adgili ara aqvs. md. Saraulas zemo welSi xeoba SesamCnevad viwrovdeba da uxvevs samxreT-aRmosavleTisaken, ris gamoc dasavleTidan Semosuli notio haeris masebi ikumSeba (ganicdis konvergencias) da tenis nawili submeridianul-subganeduri mimarTulebis serebze ileqeba. yovelive amis gamo aq kargad aris gamoxatuli mikroeqspoziciuroba. dasavleTisaken miqceul ferdobebze ganviTarebulia muqwiwviani tye wiflis monawileobiT, xolo danarCeni eqspoziciis ferdobebze wiflnari da soWnar-wiflnari cacxvis da nekerCxlis monawileobiT. cicabo reliefis da Znelad misadgomobis gamo tyis gaCexva ar mimdinareobs da es koromebi TiTqmis xeluxlebelia.

xeluxlebeli tyis koromebi kargad aris Semonaxuli md. askiswylis xeobaSi. daaxl. 900-950 m-is simaRleze warmodgenilia xeluxlebeli polidominanturi tye mZlavri kolxuri qvetyiT. simaRlis zrdasTan erTad, polidominanturi tye icvleba wiflnari tyiT, cacxvisa da wablis monawileobiT, qvetyeSi suros mZlavri safariT da gaiSviaTebuli balaxeuli iarusiT. TiTqmis xelSeuxebelia wiflnari tye Wverebis qedis Crdili ferdobze. daaxl. 1450-1520 m-is simaRleze ganviTarebulia mZlavri tye mkvdari safariT da aseve gaiSviaTebuli balaxeuli iarusiT. calkeuli xeebis simaRle 28-30 m-s aRwevs.

saintereso movlenas aqvs adgili raWis qedze, kveSlevis uReltexilis midamoebSi, sadac muqwiwviani tyis zemoT mdebare sartyelSi ganviTarebulia wiflnari tye, romelic zedamTis tyes qmnis maRalmTis nekerCxalTan erTad. es tyeebi mcired aris saxecvlili, Tumca simaRliT 20-22 m-s ar aRemateba. msgavsi situacia aris md. luxunis zemo welSi, sadac aseve wiflnar-muqwiwviani tyea warmodgenili kargad ganviTarebuli balaxovani iarusiT. bevria subalpuri floris elementebi. anTropogenuri transformaciis xarisxi aqac umniSvneloa.

muqwiwviani tye raWis qedis Crdilo ferdobze wminda naZvnar-soWnari koromebis saxiT aris warmodgenili. igi ZiriTadad mkvdarsafriania, Tumca gvxvdeba soWnari an naZvnari kolxuri qvetyiT. anTropogenuri transformacia mcirea. tyis Wra umeteswilas gzispira monakveTebSi mimdinareobs da intensiur xasiaTs ar atarebs.

Saoris wyalsacavis da naqeralas gadasasvlelis midamoebSi naZvnar-soWnari tye mcire monakveTze gameCxrebulia. aq xSiria gamxmari xeebi. SesaZloa amis mizezi maTi gadabereba da maradmwvane qvetyis (wyavi, baZgi, kolxuri bza) xSiri safaris arsebobaa, romelic xels uSlis mozardis aRmocenebas da ganviTarebas.

md. riceulis xeobaSi muqwiwviani tye maqsimaluri gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba, romelic zogjer icvleba wiflnari da rcxilnar-wiflnari tyiT. sadac calkeul koromebSi xis simaRle xSirad 30 metrs aRwevs. muqwiqvian tyeSi anTropogenuri transformaciis xarisxi mcirea, zogan SeimCneva GCexvis kvali. msgavsi situacia aRniSnulia md, xideTurisa da md. kapis xeobebSi. yvelaze mZlavri muqwiwviani koromebi aRniSnulia md. Jrinevis xeobaSi da Jrinevi-riceulis wyalgamyof kexitexias qedze, daaxl. 1450-1500 m-is simaRleze, sadac cicabo ferdobebze ganviTarebulia mZlavri naZvnar-soWnari da wiflnar-soWnari tye kolxuri qvetyiT, baZgiT, wyaviTa da ZmerxliT. es tyeebi faqtiurad xelSeuxebelia da mZlavri vertikaluri struqtura axasiaTebs- calkeuli xeebis simaRle 40 m-s aRwevs. 1500-1550 m-s zemoT mdebare tye saerTod xeluxlebelia da amgvari saxiT tyis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvramde aRwevs. am tyes udidesi ekologiuri mniSvneloba gaaCnia, rogorc eroziasawinaaRmdego da niadagdacviTi, ise garemos aRdgenis TvalsazrisiTac. aseve didia misi esTetikuri mniSvneloba da Saoris qvabulTan da Saraulas xeobasTan erTad yvelaze maRali bunebriv-esTeturi da rekreaciuli mniSvneloba gaaCniaT.

ambrolauris raionis tyeebis geografiuli

Taviseburebani

ambrolauris raioni saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze tyiani raionia, romlis mTeli farTobis TiTqmis ori mesamedi dafarulia tyeebiT. am maCvenebliT raioni saqarTveloSi me-9 adgilzea, merqnis saerTo maragiT - me-11 -ze. saerTo maragis 42% wiwvovanebze modis (romlis 98 % soWnarebisagan iqmneba), 3 % buCqnarebze, xolo danarCeni farTofoTlovnebze.

ambrolauris raioni xasiaTdeba rTuli reliefiT da hifsometriuli gavrcelebiT, rac did gavlenas axdens mcenareuli safaris formirebaze, kerZod, tyis tipebis ganawilebasa da mravalferovnebaze.

md. rionis xeobaSi, WalebSi da Walispira terasebze gavrcelebulia Walis murynari tyeebi, romlebSic TiTqmis yvelgan tirifi warmodgenili. Walis murynari da tirifnar-murynari tyeebi xSirad azonalur xasiaTs atarebs da warmodgenilia aseve md. luxunis, krixulas, riceulis, Saraulas da sxvaTa xeobebSi viwro zolis saxiT.

ambrolauris raionSi tyeebis simaRlebrivi, vertikalur-sartylurobrivi gavrceleba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba. kolxuri polidominanturi tyeebi gvxvdeba md. askiswylis xeobaSi, sadac warmodgenilia xeluxlebeli koromebi mZlavri kolxuri qvetyiT. aq polidominanturi tye simaRlis matebasTan erTad wablnar-wiflnarebSi an rcxilnar-wiflnarebSi gadadis. md. Saraulas xeobaSi mZlavri kolxuri qvetyiTaa warmodgenili polidominanturi tye, sadac kolxuri bzis simaRle zogan 8-10 metrs aRwevs, hifsometriulad sakmaod did simaRleze, 1250-1300 m-mde aRwevs. wabli Saraulas xeobaSi naklebad aris gavrcelebuli da aq ZiriTad tyisSemqmnel jiSebs wifeli, nekerCxali, cacxvi, rcxila, muxa da Tela warmoadgens. maTTan TiTqmis yovelTvis Sereulia ifani, muryani, qarTuli Txili qvetye tipiuri kolxuri saxeobebiT _ wyaviT da baZgiT, iSviaTad uTxovriTaa warmodgenili. xeebze xSir rayas qmnis xviara buCqnari da lianebi kolxuri suroTi da ekalRiWiT. gvxvdeba saSualo mTis tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebic: WanWyata, didgula, Zaxveli, mayvali da sxva.

md. rionis marjvena ferdobis qveda nawili, romelic danawevrebulia md. askiswylis, orRelis, Corjoswyalis, Rviaris, riceulis, sawisqvilosRelis da luxunis xeobebiT, dafarulia qveda mTis jagrcxilnar-muxnari da muxnar-rcxilnari tyiT, romelic xSirad meCxer da derivatul saxes atarebs. md. rionis marcxena ferdobze, romelic danawevrebulia md, krixulas, znakvuras da qvabtkaras xeobebiT, gavrcelebulia muxnar-rcxilnari tye, romelic simaRlis zrdasTan erTad TandaTan icvleba rcxilnari da rcxilnar-wiflnari tyiT. tyis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba xSirad cvalebadobs erT da imave simaRleze eqspoziciis mixedviT, kerZod: samxreT eqspoziciis ferdobze warmodgenilia muxnari tye, iSviaTad rcxilis da Tamelis monawileobiT, xolo Crdilo, Crdilo-dasavleT da Crdilo-aRmosavleT eqspoziciis ferdobebze wiflnari an rcxilnar-wiflnari cacxvis da nekerCxlis monawileobiT. qvetyeSi kolxuri elementebi, polidominanturi tyisgan gansxvavebiT, naklebi sixSiriT aris gavrcelebuli baZgis, wyavis, kolxuri suros saxiT. samagierod izrdeba Txilis, Zaxvelis, WanWyatas, mayvlis, cxratyavas da sxvaTa xvedriTi wili. Cndeba iseTi simSralis moyvaruli saxeobebi, rogoricaa Trimli da CitavaSla.

md. askiswylis, riceulis, luxunis qvemo welSi, aseve Txiszurgis, Wverebis da saelios Crd. eqspoziciis ferdobebze gavrcelebulia wiflnari da rcxilnar-wiflnari tye, romelic zoggan mZlavri, didxnovani koromebis saxiT aris SemorCenili. wiflnari tye aseve farTo gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba md. luxunis Sua da zemo welSi, kupris da qvacixis qedis dasavleT ferdobebze, sadac maRalmTis nekerCxalTan erTad TandaTan gadadis zedamTis tyeebSi.

wiflnari tye dominant mdgomareobas ikavebs kveSlevis uReltexilis mimdebare teritoriazec, sadac misi gavrcelebis areali muqwiwvian tyeebs zemoTaa warmodgenili, ris gamoc adgili gvaqvs tyeTa vertikaluri (sartylurobiTi) gavrcelebis inversiul (SebrunebiT) movlenasTan. rogorc wesi, vertikaluri sartylurobis dros, farTofoTlovani tyis sartylis maRla vrceldeba muqwiwviani tye, aq ki piriqiT, naZvnar-soWnari tyis zemoT vrceldeba wiflnari. romelic mZlavr koromebs qmnis lekTan da maRalmTis bokvTan erTad mayvliT, ZaxveliT da zogjer maradmwvane qvetyiT.

wiflnari tye farTo zolad vrceldeba sof. Sxivanadan dasavleTiT, m. veltyevamde. kveSlevis uReltexilis aRmosavleTiT mdebare ferdobebze ki TandaTan icvleba wiflnar-muqwiwviani, xolo Semdeg wminda naZvnar-soWnari tyiT. muqwiwviani da wiflnar-muqwiwviani tye raWis qedis Crdilo ferdobebze maqsimaluri gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba. sof. Sxivanas da sxartalis samxreTiT gavrcelebulia wiflnar-soWnari, zogjer soWnar-wiflnari tye, romelic aRmosavleTiT icvleba soWnari da naZvnar-soWnari tyiT. aq edifikator jiSs kavkasiuri soWi warmoadgens, muqwiwviani tye raWis qedze vrceldeba naqeralas gadasasvlelamde. Saoris qvabulSi muqwiwvianebi wifelTan aris Sereuli, zogjer ki wiflis xvedriTi wili Warbobs kidec naZvs da soWs.

rionis marcxena ferdobze muqwiwviani tye gavrcelebulia md. Saraulas xeobaSi, sadac soWTan erTad SedarebiT maRalia xvedriTi wili. muqwiwviani da wiflnar-muqwiwviani tye Saraulas xeobaSi ZiriTadad m. saSevardnos dasavleTiT vrceldeba da ufro xSirad CrdiloeT an cicabo, xeobis mimarTulebis marTobulad mdebare ferdobebs ikavebs. aq foTlovani jiSebidan warmodgenilia wifeli, Tela, nekerCxali, cacxvi, qvetyeSi _ mayvali, Zaxveli, xSirad kolxuri elementebi: baZgi, suro, wyavi, Zmerxli da sxv. muqwiwviani da wiflnar-muqwiwviani tye farTo gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba md. riceulis xeobaSi, (sadac tyis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvars aRwevs), aseve misi Senakadebis: kapis, xideTuris da Jrinevis xeobaSi. Jrinevis da riceulis wyalgamyof kexitexias qedze sadac soWnari da wiflnar-soWnari tye mZlavr koromebs qmnis kolxur qvetyesTan erTad, xSirad xeebis simaRle 38-40 metrs aRwevs, rac sakmaod kargi maCvenebelia. wiflnar-soWnari da wiflnar-naZvnari tye aseve vrceldeba saelios qedis Crdilo eqspoziciis ferdobze, mis dasavleT nawilSi, Semxmulis qedze, Txiszurgis qedis zogierT monakveTSi da luxunis xeobaSi, sadac aseve didi simZlavris wiflnar-soWnari koromebia ganviTarebuli z.d. 1900 m-is simaRleze. aqve kargadaa warmodgenili kolxuri qvetyis elementebi.

ambrolauris raionSi zedamTis tyeebi Semdeg adgilebSia gavrcelebuli:

1. leCxumis qedis samxreT ferdobebze, daaxloebiT 2200-2300 m-is simaRleze, md. riceulis, askiwylis, luxunis, lataSuris, qajianis zemo welSi. isini warmodgenilia rogorc arynari, ise zedamTis wiflnar-nekerCxliani tyiT, romelic sakmaod mZlavr koromebs qmnis kargad ganviTarebuli balaxovani iarusiT, sadac uxvadaa warmodgenili subalpuri floris elementebi.

2. qvacixisa da kupris qedebze. aq arynari tyeebia warmodgenili maRalmTis nekerCxlis, wifelis, Wnavis monawileobiT.

raWis qedis Txemur nawilSi da Txemispira ferdobebze, daaxloebiT 1700 dan 2000 m-mde (m. sawalike), gavrcelebulia zedamTis wiflnar-nekerCxliani tye aryis da muqwiwvianebis monawileobiT, romlebTan Sereulia Wnavi, mdgnali, uzani da sxva saxeobebi. qvetyeSi ki mayvali, Jolo mTis mocxari uxvadaa warmodgenili balaxeuli iarusi.

zedamTis tyeebis maRla mdebare subalpur sartyelSi merqniani mcenareuloba erTeuli juja da tanbrecili xe-mcenareebis _ aryisa da tirifis saxiT gvxvdeba dekianTan erTad.

fiWvnari tye azonaluri gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba da ikavebs rogorc mTis qveda, ise saSualo mTis sartylebs. md. Saraulas xeobaSi fiWvnari gavrcelebulia xeobis qveda welSi, mis SedarebiT gaSlil nawilSi, sadac warmodgenilia kolxuri qvetyis elementebTan, surosTan da ekalRiWTan, xolo zogjer TrimlTan da CitavaSlasTan erTad.

fiWvnari tyiT aris dafaruli rionis marjvena, saelios qedis samxreTi eqspoziciis ferdobi. fiWvnari tye aseve vrceleba rionis marcxena sanapiroze, sof. ximSis da krixis midamoebSi, sadac Sereulia muxasTan da jagrcxilasTan erTad. md. xoteuras da md. rusTavis xeobaSi fiWvnarebi mZlavri koromebis saxiT aris warmodgenili (yvela eqspoziciis ferdobebze zR. d 1300-1400 m-is simaRleze).

tyeebis gajansaRebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi
ambrolauris raionSi tyeebis gajansaRebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, erTismxriv, mdgomareobs gaCexili da degradirebuli tyeebis, erodirebuli da nawilobriv gadarecxili miwebis aRdgenaSi da tyiT dafaruli farTobebis erodirebis SeCerebaSi; meore mxriv, aucilebelia dargva-aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catareba, gansakuTrebiT dasaxlebuli punqtebis maxloblad, Tumca igi dakavSirebulia mTel rig siZneleebTan, romelTa Soris umTavresia:

1. degradirebuli da gadarecxili adgilebis miuvaloba, rac dakavSirebulia metad cicabo reliefTan.

2. im adgilebSi, sadac saWiroa aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catareba, xSirad ganviTarebulia ukusvliTi eroziuli procesebi da Caqcevebi. niadagis fena Zlier degradirebulia;

3. degradirebul tyeebSi xSirad ganviTarebulia meoradi buCqnari askiliT, mayvliT, kuneliT da ekalRiWiT, warmoqmnilia gauvali raya;

4. dargva-aRdgeniTi samuSaoebisTvis ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba iseTi jiSebi, romelic Tavdapirvelad did moTxovnilebas ar uyeneben niadagebs da romelTa mozardi ar saWiroebs zemodan daCrdilvas, rogorc e.w. Crdilis jiSebi: wifeli, nekerCxali, Tela, naZvi, soWi da sxv. amitom umetes SemTxvevaSi unjobesia fiWvnari da verxvnari tyis gaSeneba.

fiWvnari tyeebis gaSenebasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom fiWvnari tye gaCexil da degradirebul adgilebSi bevrgan TavisTavad vrceldeba da amJamad sakmaod did farTobzea warmodgenili meoradi tyis saxiT.

erodirebuli teritoriebi md. rionis marjvena mxares warmodgenilia md. askiswylis, orRelis, Rviaras, Corjoswylis, sawisqvilosRelis xeobebSi, aseve md. luxunis qvemo welSi da ukavSideba warsulSi da amJamadac adamianis zemoqmedebas. aq pirveladi tye Zlier degradirebulia aq warmoqmnilia mcire masStabis ekocidirebuli teritoriebi. rac dakavSirebulia damewyril da masTan erTad ukusvliTi eroziis Sedegad warmoqmnil gaSiSvlebebTan. saelios qedis samxreT ferdobze, sof. sadmelis da kldisubnis maxloblad aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catareba SesaZlebelia, magram aq ganviTarebuli jagrcxilnar-muxnari tye kargad aris Seguebuli simSrales da mcire sisqis Zlier xirxatian niadagebs. fiWvnaris gaSenebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gveqneba meoradi cenozis warmoqmnasTan, radgan mis dasavleTiT - sof. kvacxuTis da sof. wesis midamoebSi warmodgenil fiWvnarebSi, romelic meoradi warmoSobisaa, suqcesiuri procesebi aqtiurad mimdinareobs da mozardis saxiT TiTqmis yvelgan muxa da rcxila aris ganviTarebuli. cxadia, TandaTanobiT moxdeba meoradi cenozis cvla muxnar-rcxilnari tyiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu anTropogenul zemoqmedebas adgili ar eqneba.

sul sxvagvarad aris saqme md. xoteuras xeobaSi, sadac fiWvnari tyiT dafarul ferdobebs didi daxriloba ar axasiaTebT, (daaxloebiT 10-15⁰). md^. xoteuras xeoba erT monakveTSi xasiaTdeba Zlier cicabo, kldovani reliefiT, sadac xeobis fskeridan 80-100 m-is simaRleze ganviTarebulia kldovani gaSiSvlebebi, romelic sof. xotevamde grZeldeba. aq aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catareba Zalze rTulia. sof. kaCaeTis da xotevis midamoebSi. samxreTisaken, iq sadac warmodgenilia jagrcxilnari derivatebi TrimliT, kuneliT da CitavaSlaTi, dargva-aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catareba SesaZlebelia da sasurvelicaa. aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis SemTxvevaSi umjobesi iqneba SeizRudos Wra da pirutyvis Zoveba.

md. qvabtkaras xeobaSi muxnar-rcxilnari tye Zlier degradirebulia. mis adgilas meoradi fiWvnari bevrgan mozardis saxiT aris warmodgenili da ganmsazRvrel rols TamaSobs TviTganaxlebaSi. sainteresoa is faqti, rom saTbobad mosaxleoba iSviaTad iyenebs fiWvs da swored es garemoeba uwyobs xels amgvari tyis SenarCunebas.

sof. patara onis da zeda Savras midamoebSi zogierT monakveTSi Catarebulia farTobuli Wrebi, Tumca aqtiuri geodinamiuri procesebis ganviTarebas aq adgili ar iqneba (mcired daxrilobis mqone 5-10⁰ mqone reliefis gamo), rac mniSvnelovnad imoqmedebs tyis xarisxze.

asevea saSualo mTis tyis sxva landSaftebSi. im adgilebSi, sadac warsulSi mimdinareobda Wra, aRiniSneba aqtiuri TviTganaxlebis procesi da dargva-aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi saWiro araa. im adgilebSi, sadac tye TiTqmis an sruliad xelSeuxebelia (md. askiswylis, riceulis, Jrinevis, Saraulas xeobebi), erodirebuli da sxva saxis dazianebuli teritoriebis warmoqmna dakavSirebulia Zlier cicabo ferdobebTan, sadac didia gravigenuli procesebis (kldezvavebi, qvaTacvenebi) ganviTarebis riski. amgvari teritoriebi ambrolauris raionSi lokaluri xasiaTisaa.