Needs Assessment in response to the “El Niño” effects (flood / drought) in the affected districts of the United Republic of Tanzania
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7 Livestock rearing is considered an important source of animal protein and income in these regions, however animal ownership is different among the communities with those households considered better-off owing larger heard of animals, usually composed by cattle, goats and sheep. Whereas, poorest households, mainly rely on poultry production, especially chicken and ducks. Pigs are also found in certain areas as part of livestock keeping. The average number of animal heads owned by smallholding households is: 13 cattle, 9 goats, 9 sheep, 3 pigs and 11 chicken. 15
bordering the Lake Victoria, Manyara and Natron. On the other hand, Morogoro falls under additional agro-ecological zones such as alluvial plains and plateaux which are usually exposed to higher rainfall and are generally considered more inclined to intensive agricultural activities and particularly suited for paddy (rice) production. Mwanza is also found in the plateaux zone, where the agricultural activities have similar characteristics to the one in Morogoro, in addition also fishery is practiced due to the vicinity of Lake Victoria. Figure 2: Agro-Ecological zones and agricultural activities in the six assessed regions Region Agro-Ecological Zone Main agricultural activity Arusha
Arid Land Livestock rearing and crop production Semi-Arid Land Livestock rearing and crop production Dodoma Semi-Arid Land Livestock rearing and crop production Mara
Semi-Arid Land Livestock rearing and crop production Morogoro Alluvial plains Intensive agriculture, keeping of cattle, goats, sheep and poultry Plateaux Intensive agriculture, keeping of cattle, goats, sheep and poultry Semi-Arid Land Livestock rearing and crop production Southern and western highlands Agriculture, dairy cattle keeping Mwanza Plateaux Intensive agriculture, keeping of cattle, goats, sheep and poultry Shinyanga Semi-Arid Land Livestock rearing and crop production
Population density and engagement in agriculture change across the six regions with Mwanza considered being the most populated region and Dodoma having the higher number of rural households (HHs) engaging in agriculture (Table 1).
15 Source: National sample census of agriculture small holding agriculture, vol. III, livestock sector (2012). 8 Table 1: Total and farming population 16
Region Tot. population Tot. Number HHs Number of HHs engaging in agriculture in rural areas % of HHs engaging in agriculture in rural areas
Arusha 1,694,310 376,336 150,145
39.9 Dodoma
2,083,588 450,305
346,925 77.0
Mara 1,743,830 308,483 218,364
70.8 Morogoro 2,218,492 501,794
297,424 59.3
Mwanza 2,772,509 481,107 242,869
50.5 Shinyanga 1,534,808 258,981
181,817 70.2
Tot. 12,047,537 2,377,006 1,437,544
Table 2 below, these six regions are important centres of production for what is perceived as the main staple crops produced and consumed in the country. In fact these regions constitute nearly 30 percent of the national maize production, 32.1 percent of paddy, 53.5 percent of sorghum, 43.9 percent of millet and 31.1 percent of cassava. 17
Table 2: Five years average cereal and cassava production and contribution to national production 18
Crop parameters Region Assessed Arusha Dodoma Mara
Morogoro Mwanza Shinyanga Total
Maize prod. ('000' ton) 710.2 794.8
696.6 1040.4
779.7 1877.4 5899.3 % nat. production 3.5
3.9 3.4
5.1 3.9
9.3 29.2
Paddy prod. ('000' ton) 52.4 44.7
130.7 1472.3
829.5 25.9 2555.7 % nat. production 0.7
0.6 1.6
18.5 10.4
0.3 32.1
Sorghum prod. ('000' ton) 11.6 507.9
578. 65
271.2 565.8 2000.1 % nat. production 0.3
13.6 15.5
1.7 7.2
15.1 53.5
Millet prod. ('000' ton) 8.3 394.7
65 1.4
39.8 91.4
600.8 % nat. production 0.6 28.9
4.8 0.1
2.9 6.7
43.9 Cassava
prod. ('000' ton) 0 452.6 1944.4 1159.7 1912.4
1317.5 6786.9 % nat. production 0 2.1
8.9 5.3
8.8 6.0
31.1 Livestock rearing is also considered as an important practice across the six regions. Shinyanga alone hosts nearly 20 percent of all cattle reared in the country, followed by Mwanza, Arusha and Mara with 9.3, 8.5 and 7.9 percent respectively. Goat and sheep ownership are also widespread, especially in Arusha and Shinyanga hosting 24.5 percent and 12.9 percent respectively of all sheep in the country, followed by 12 and 13 percent correspondingly of goats. Chickens and pigs are also kept as part of livestock rearing, however these constitute minor proportion compared to other animals (Figure 3).
16 Source: Tanzania Census (2012). 17 These data refer to five years average production (2005 - 2010) 18 Source: http://www.kilimo.go.tz/agricultural%20statistics/angricultural%20statistics.htm
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