t u s h u n c h a l a r i m i q d o r i ; 3) o 4t g a n a s r d a g i o d a m l a r n i n g
kim y o fa n ig a o i d tu sh u n c h a la ri v a h o zirg i kundagi in s o n
t u s h u n c h a l a r i v a hokazo.
S h u n d a y qilib, t u s h u n c h a l a r n i n g m o h i y a t i h u k m l a r d a
yoritiladi, m a v ju d h u k m l a r a s o s i d a x u lo s a chiqariladi. Yangi
h u k m h o s il q il in a d i, to p ilg a n y a n g i b e lg ila r, a l o m a t l a r
t u s h u n c h a l a r n i y a n a d a boyitadi. T a f a k k u r y o rd a m id a in s o n
yaratish , k a s h f qilish, ixtiro q i lis h d a d a v o m etishi m u m k in .
D e m a k , y a n g i t u s h u n c h a l a r , a t a m a l a r ijod q ilin a v e ra d i,
iste’m o ld a g ila ri esa yangi sifat va y a n g i m a z m u n kasb e tadi.
D e t e r m i n i z m prinsipiga b i n o a n , s o ‘z l a r y angi t u s h u n c h a
lar y a ra tilish ig a vosita b o ‘lib x i z m a t q ila v e ra d i, s h u n i n g
bilan birga, t u s h u n c h a l a r z a m i r id a y a n g i s o ‘z!ar va ib o ra la r
vujudga k cladi y oinki yangicha t a l q i n q ilin ish g a k o ‘c h a d i.
S o ‘z b ila n tu s h u n c h a l a r n i n g c h a m b a r c h a s b o g ‘lanishi v a
m u n o sab ati filogenezda ham , o n t o g e n e z d a h a m o p eratsiona l
va fu n k sio n a! xususiyatlarni y o lq o t m a y d i .
Tafakkur sifatlari
T a f a k k u r b o s h q a b ilish j a r a y o n l a r i k a b i o ‘z i n i n g
individual xususiyatlariga eg a b o ‘lib, fik r yuritish fa o liy a -
tin in g s h a k lla ri, vositalari va o p c r a t s iy a l a r i n i n g k ish ila rd a
tu rlic h a n a m o y o n b o ‘lishida o ‘z ifo d a sin i to p a d i. O d a t d a ,
ta fa k k u rn in g individual x u su s iy a tla rig a (sifatlariga) bilish
f a o l i y a t i n i n g m a z m u n d o r l i k , m u s t a q i l l i k , e p c h i l l i k ,
s a m a r a d o rlik , fikrning kengligi, tezligi, c h u q u rlig i va b o s h q a
sifatlari kiritiladi.
T a f a k k u r n i n g m a z m u n d o r l i g i d e g a n d a , i n s o n n i n g
o n g i d a t e v a r a k - a t r o f d a g i m o d d i y v o q e l i k t o ‘g ‘ri s i d a g i
( k o ‘l a m d a ) m u l o h a z a la r , m u h o k a m a l a r , fikrlar, m u a m -
m o l a r , t u s h u n c h a l a r q a n d a y m i q d o r d a ( k o ‘l a m d a ) j o y
olganligi n a z a r d a tutiladi. In s o n d a a y tib o ltilgan xaraktcrdagi
g ‘o y a l a r q a n c h a l i k t o i i b - t o s h s a , t a f a k k u r s h u n c h a l i k
m a z m u n d o r b o i a d i . Kishilar b i r - b i r l a r i d a n t a f a k k u r n i n g
m a z m u n d o r li g i bilan farq q iladila r.
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T a f a k k u r n i n g c h u q u rlig i d e g a n d a , m o d d i y d u n y o d a g i
n a r s a - h o d i s a l a r n i n g a s o s iy q o n u n l a r i , q o n u n i y a t l a r i ,
xossalari, s ifatlari, u la r n i n g o ‘za ro b o g ‘lan ish lari, m u n o s a -
batlari t a f a k k u r i m i z d a t o l i q aks etg an lig in i tu s h u n ish im iz
kerak. T a f a k k u r a r s e n a li d a j o y la s h g a n n a r s a l a r n i n g q a y
y o ‘s in d a siste m alash g an lig ig a q a ra b ( t o ‘g ‘ri va ratsional y o l
n a z a rd a t u t il a d i ) , u yoki bu shaxsning tafa k k u ri chuqurligi
t o ‘g ‘risida q a t ’iy b i r q a ro rg a kelish m u m k i n .
T a f a k k u r n i n g kengligi o ‘zining m a z m u n d o r li g i , c h u
qurligi k ab i s i f a t l a r i b i l a n m u n t a z a m a l o q a d a b o l a d i .
I n s o n d a g i n a r s a v a h o d is a l a r n i n g e n g m u h i m belgi va
xususiyatlarini o ‘z i d a m u jassam lash tirg an , o 't m i s h haq id a,
h o z irg i d a v r h a q i d a , s h u n i n g d e k . k e l a j a k t o ‘g ‘risidagi
m u l o h a z a la r, m u a m m o l a r v a t u s h u n c h a l a r n i q a m r a b olgan
ta fa k k u r k e n g t a f a k k u r deyiladi. F ik r d o ira si keng, bilim
saviyasi y u q o r i , s e r g ‘o y a , ijodiy izlanishdagi kishilarni aql-
zakovatli, b i l i m d o n yoki tafakkuri k e n g kishilar d e b atash
m u m k i n . D e m a k , i n s o n n i n g a q l - z a k o v a t i , bilim d o n lig i,
m u lo h a z a k o rlig i u n i n g tafakkuri k e n g lig id an d a lo la t b e r a r
eka n.
In s o n t a f a k k u r i o ‘zin in g m ustaqiiligi j i h a t i d a n m ustaqil
va nom ustaqil tafa k k u rg a ajratiladi. T a fak k u rn in g mustaqiiligi
d e g a n d a , k i s h i n i n g shaxsiy t a s h a b b u s i b i l a n o ‘z o ld ig a
k o n k r e t m a q s a d , y a n g i v a z i f a l a r q o ‘y a b i l i s h i , u l a r
y u z a s i d a n a m a l i y v a ilm iy x a r a k t e r d a g i m u l o h a z a l a r
yuritishi, natijani k o ‘z oldiga keltira olishi, q o ‘yilgan vazifani
h e c h k i m n in g k o ‘m agisiz, k o ‘rsa tm asisiz, o 'z i n i n g aqliy
izlanishi tufayli t u rli y o ‘l, usul va v o s ita la r to p ib , m ustaqil
ravishda hal q i l i s h d a n iborat aqliy q o b iliy a tn i tu s h u n ish
kerak.
T a f a k k u r n i n g m u sta q iilig i a q l n i n g s e r ta s h a b b u s l ig i ,
p ish iq lig i v a t a n q i d i y l i g i d a n a m o y o n b o ‘lad i. A q l n i n g
s e r t a s h a b b u s l i g i d e g a n d a , i n s o n n i n g o ‘z o l d i g a y a n g i
m u a m m o , a n i q m a q s a d va k o n k re t v a z if a la r q o ‘yishini,
a n a s h u l a r n i n g b a r c h a s i n i am alga o s h iris h d a , nihoyasiga
yetkazishda, y e c h im i n i qidirishda usul v a vositalarni shaxsan
290
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