X O T I M A
P s i x o l o g i y a fa n i n i m a n i o ‘r g a n a d i v a u n i n g ta r k ib la r i
t u z i l i s h i y u z a s i d a n k a s b - h u n a r k o l l e j i o ‘q u v c h i l a r i n i
m u a y y a n b i l i m l a r b i l a n q u r o l l a n t i r i s h , b u t o kg ‘r id a m u l o -
h a z a y u r i t i s h t u g a l l a n d i , d e g a n m a ’n o a n g l a t m a y d i .
P s i x o l o g i y a f a n i n i n g v u j u d g a k e lis h i, u n i n g t a d q i q o t
m e t o d l a r i , s o h a l a r i , o n g v a f a o l i y a t n i n g p s ix o lo g ik tavsifi
h a q i d a g i m a ’l u m o t l a r b i l a n q a n o a t q i l m a s d a n , b a lk i b u
b o r a d a y a n g i i z l a n i s h l a r n i d a v o m e ttir is h , m u s t a q i l b ilim
o l i s h g a i n t i l i s h s h a x s i y h a m d a j i s m o n i y y e t u k l i k n i t a ’-
m i n l a y d i . K a s b i y m a h o r a t , k a s b i y t a y y o r g a r i i k , k a s b i y
m o s l a s h i s h p s i x o l o g i k b i l i m l a r n i n g y a n g i q i r r a l a r i b i l a n
t a n i s h i s h n i t a q o z o e t a d i . A y n i q s a , k a s b p s ix o lo g iy a s i, k asb
m o t i v a t s i y a s i , p r o f e s s i o g r a m m a , p s i x o g r a m m a , e r g o n o m i k a
( m e h n a t a s o s la ri) s o h a l a r i d a n m u a y y a n b i l i m l a r n i o ‘z l a s h -
t i r i s h , k a s b e g a s i n i n g i c h k i i m k o n i y a t l a r i n i r o ‘y o b g a
c h i q a r i s h g a x i z m a t q ila d i.
K a s b t a n l a s h m o t i v l a r i ( u n i n g ich k i t u r t k i l a r i ) y u z a
s i d a n y a n g i m a ’l u m o t l a r g a e g a boM ish k a s b i y m a h o r a t
s i r l a r i n i e g a lla s h m u d d a t i n i q is q a r tir a d i. K a s b i y l a y o q a t ,
k a s b g a y a r o q l i l i k h a q i d a p s i x o l o g i k b i l i m l a r b o ‘l g ‘u si
m u t a x a s s i s n i ix tiso s b i l i m d o n i d e g a n y u k s a k n o m b ila n
u l u g ‘Ia y d i. K a s b g a o i d t e s t l a r , k a s b iy m a l a k a g a t a a llu q li
t r e n i n g l a r ( m a x s u s m a s h q l a r ) k a s b iy n u q s o n l a r n i b a r t a r a f
e t i s h u c h u n x i z m a t q i l a d i .
S h a x s t o ‘g ‘r i s i d a g i m a ’l u m o t l a r , u n í s h a k l l a n t i r i s h
b o s q i c h l a r i , o ‘r g a n i s h t e s t l a r i , u n g a a l o q a d o r p s i x o lo g ik
m a t e r i a l l a r , f a z i l a t l a r n i e g a l l a s h yoM lari, n u q s o n l a r n i n g
o l d i n i o l i s h i m k o n i y a t l a r i m u s t a q i l i z l a n i s h n i n g m a h s u l i
s i f a t i d a a l o h i d a a h a m i y a t k a s b e ta d i. B u b o r a d a s h a x s n i n g
q i z i q i s h i , e ’t i q o d i , e h t i y o j i d u n y o q a r a s h i , q o b i l i y a t i g a
3 4 6
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y a r a s h a y a n g i b i l i m l a m i o ' z l a s h t i r i s h i k a s b - h u n a r k o l l e j i
o ‘q u v c h i s i n i m u s t a q i l f i k r l a s h sa ri y e ta k la y d i.
D i q q a t m e h n a t , o ' q i s h f a o l i y a t i d a m u h i m o ' r i n e g a l -
l a y d i , x u d d i s h u b o i s u n i n g s i f a t l a r i ( k u c h i , k o M a m i ,
k o ‘c h i s h i , b a rq a ro rlig i va h o k a z o ) y u z a s i d a n m a s h q q i l i s h —
o ‘z l a s h t i r i s h s a m a r a d o r l i k n i k e s k i n o s h ir a d i.
I d r o k , x o tira , t a f a k k u r , x a y o l n u t q t o ‘g ‘r i s i d a t a s a v v u r
d o i r a s i n i k e n g a y tir is h — o ‘q u v c h i l a r d a bilish q o b i l i y a t l a r i n i
r i v o j l a n t i r a d i , m u a m m o l i , n o s t a n d a r t m a s a l a l a r n i y e c h i s h
i m k o n i y a t l a r i n i t u g ‘d ira d i.
S h a x s n i n g h i s s i y - i r o d a v i y j i h a t l a r i n i b a r q a r o r l a s h t i r i s h
v a t a n p a r v a r l i k , fidoyilik y u k s a k t u y g ‘u l a r i n i , q a t ’i y a t l i l i k ,
s a b r - t o q a t l i l i k x islatlarin i y u k s a l t i r a d i .
S h a x s n i o ‘zin i o ‘zi t a k o m i l l a s h t i r i s h i g a o ‘r g a t i s h o ‘q u v -
c h i n i n g ichki ru h iy z a x ira la rin i r o ‘y o b g a c h iq a r is h ig a y o r d a m
b c r a d i. I n s o n o ‘zini o ‘zi b o s h q a r i s h g a ega b o 'ls a , k e y i n c h a l i k ,
u j a m o a , h a t t o k o r x o n a n i h a m b o s h q a r i s h s a l o h i y a t i g a
e r i s h a d i .
P s i x o l o g i k b i l i m l a r s h a x s n i n o x u s h k e c h i n m a l a r d a n
s a q l a y d i , u n i e z g u n i y a t l a r n i a m a l g a o s h i r i s h g a s a f a r b a r
e t a d i , i j o d i y i z l a n i s h l a r , m u s t a q i l f ik r l a s h t u f a y l i s h a x s
t u b m a ’n o d a g i b a r k a m o l a v l o d g a a y l a n a d i . 0 ‘y l a y m i z k i ,
p s i x o l o g i k b i l i m l a r b i l a n t a n i s h i s h t a b i a t g a , j a m i y a t g a ,
f u q a r o l a r g a n i s b a t a n o ‘z g a c h a iliq m u n o s a b a t n i v u j u d g a
k e l t i r a d i , a s a b i n g i z n i t i n c h l a n t i r a d i . E g a l l a n g a n b i l i m l a r
o ‘q u v c h i l a r n i o ‘zin i o ‘zi b a h o l a s h g a , o ‘z in i o ‘zi n a z o r a t
q ilish va b o s h q a r i s h g a , o ‘z i n i o lzi t a r b i y a l a s h g a o ‘r g a t a d i .
M u s t a q i l fik rla s h , i n s o n n i t a n q i d i y m u n o s a b a t v o s i t a l a r i
b i l a n q u r o l l a n t i r a d i , m a q s a d g a m u v o f i q x a t t i - h a r a k a t l a r n i
a m a l g a o s h ir is h y o fcl - y o ‘r i q l a r i b i l a n t a ' m i n l a y d i .
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M UNDARIJA
M u q a d d i m a ....................................................................................................
3
B i r i n c h i b o 4 i m
P SIX O L O G IY A G A K I R I S H .................................................................... 6
I b o b
P s ix o lo g iy a fanining p red m eti ............................................................6
Psixologiya h a q id a t u s h u n c h a ........................................................6
Psixoiogiya va u n i n g m o d d i y as o sla r i........................................ 18
I I bo b
P s ix o lo g iy a fani so h alari v a uning tadqiqot m e to d la r i...........21
P six olo giy a fani s o h a l a r i va ularning o 'z ig a x os xususi-
y a t l a r i ......................................................................................................2 1
I nS on p six ik a sin in g i l m i y t a d q iq o t m e t o d l a r i ..................... 35
I I I b o b
O n g n in g p sixologik t a v s i f l ....................................................................41
O n g n i n g p a y d o b o ‘lishi v a u n in g ijtim o iy -ta rix iy
m o h i y a t i ...............................................................................................41
O n g n i n g m o h iy a ti ........................................................................... 46
I V b o b
F a o liy a tn in g p six o lo g ik t a l q i n i .......................................................... 51
F ao liy a t to 'g 'r is i d a u m u m i y t u s h u n c h a ...................................51
F a o liy a t n in g t u z i l i s h i ..................................................................... 53
F a o liy a tn i o 'z la s h tir is h v a m a la k a hosil q i l i s h ..................... 57
I к k i n c h i b o 4 i m
S I I A X S ............................................................................................................65
V b o b
S h a x s t o 4g ‘risida um um iy tu sh u n c h a .............................................. 65
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S h a x s n i m a ? ........................................................................................ 6 5
C h e t el psix ologiy asida s h a x s n a z a r i y a l a r i .............................. 6 8
S o b iq I ttifo q p six o lo g iy asid a s h a x s t a r i x i .................................72
U c h i n c h i b o (l i m
S H A X S N IN G IC H K I R E G U LATS IY A SI .......................................... 83
V¡ bob
Icliki r e g u la t s i y a n i n g t a r k i b l a r i t o ‘g ‘r is id a umiimiy t u -
s h u n c h a .......................................................................................................... 8 3
Ehtiyoj t o ‘g ‘risida t u s h u n c h a .......................................................... 83
E h t i y o j l a r f a o llik n in g m a n b a y i s i f a t i d a ................................... 83
E h t i y o j l a r n i n g t u r l a r i ..........................................................................8 6
I n s o n e h t iy o jia ri n in g r i v o jla n is h i ............................................... 9 0
Q i z i q i s h n i n g psixologik t a v s i f i ...................................................... 93
S h a x s n in g ustanovkasi y o k i a n g l a n m a g a n m a y l l a r i ........ 100
O lq u v faoliyati m o t i v l a r i ............................................................. 104
T o ‘ r t i n c h i b o ‘l i nt
S H A X S N IN G H IS SIY -IR O D A V IY J A B H A L A R I........................109
VII bob
H i s s i y o t ....................................................................................................... 109
H issiyot t o ‘g ‘risida u m u m i y t u s h u n c h a ................................ 109
H issiyot va e m o ts io n a l h o l a t l a r n i n g fiziolo gik a s o s l a r i .... 111
O d a m v a h a y v o n e m o t s i y a l a r i ..................................................... 116
Hissiy k e c h i n m a l a r n i n g s h a k l l a r i ............................................. 118
Y u k s a k h i s l a r ...................................................................................... 126
VIH bob
I r o d a ............................................................................................................. 130
Iro d a to'g'risida t u s h u n c h a ............................................................. 130
I ro d a a k tin in g tu z ilis h i.................................................................... 138
Iroda nazariyasi va ta dqiqoti t o ‘g lrisida t u s h u n c h a .............. 148
¡X b o b
T e m p e r a m e n t ........................................................................................... ..154
T e m p e r a m e n t n i n g p six o lo g ik t a v s i f i ....................................... ..154
N e r v s is te m a si ti p la ri n in g k e l i b c h i q i s h i ............................ ..160
X bob
X a r a k t e r ...................................................................................................... 167
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X a r a k te r h a q id a u m u m i y tu s l n m c h a .................................... 167
Xarakterning flziologik a so sla ri.............................................. 170
X arakter tuzilishi va x u s u s iy a tla ri......................................... 172
Xarakterning ta rk ib t o p i s h i ....................................................
175
XI bob
Q o b i l i y a t l a r .......................................................................................
179
Qobiliyatlar t o ‘g*risida t u s h u n c h a ..........................................
179
Oobiliyatlarning sifat va m iq d o r ta v s if l ............................... 182
Qobiliyatlarning tuzilishi ......................................................... Ifc6
B e s h i n c h i b o ' l i m
B ILISH JÄRAYONLARI .................................................................. 190
XI I bob
S e z g i .........................................................................................................
Sezgi t o ‘g*risida u m u m i y t u s h u n c h a ....................................... 190
Sezgilarning u m u m iy qonuniyatlari va s e z g ila r i................ 195
Sezgining neyrofiziologik a s o s la ri.......................................... 207
Sezgi turiarining psixologik ta v s if i......................................... 215
K o'rish sezgilari........................................................................... 215
Eshitish s e z g ila ri..........................................................................218
Hid bilish se z g ila ri...................................................................... 219
T a ’m bilish (m a z a ) s e z g i l a r i ................................................. 220
Teri s e z g ila r i................................................................................. 220
Muskul-harakat sezgilari va Statik sezgilar.............................222
Organik sezgilar............................................................................ 222
Xi I I bob
I d r o k .......................................................................................................223
Idrok t o ‘g ‘risida u m u m i y t u s h u n c h a .......................................223
XI V bob
X o t i r a ..................................................................................................... 230
Xotira haqida u m u m iy t u s h u n c h a ........................................... 230
Xotiraning flziologik a s o s l a r i ...................................................233
Asab tizim ida izlarning s a q la n is h i.......................................... 233
Izlarning „K onsolid a tsiy a la n ish “ ja r a y o n i .......................... 235
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X otiraning fizik va neyron iz qolish n a z a r i y a l a r i ............ 239
X o t i r a n i n g t u r l a r i ......................................................................... 239
Esga tu s h irish ..................................................................................250
Unutish va esda s a q la s h ............................................................... 254
XV bob
.. ........................................................................................................................ 260
T afak k u r psixologiyasining p r e d m e t i ................................... 260
T afak k u r o p e r a t s i y a l a r i .............................................................. 263
T a fa k k u r s h a k l l a r i ...................................................................... 278
T a fa k k u r s i f a t l a r i .........................................................................289
T a f a k k u r t u r l a r i .................................................................................293
XVI bob
N iitq t o ‘g ‘risid a umumiy tu sh u n c h a .............................................308
N u tq turlarining psixologik tavsifi........................................... 314
XVU bob
Xayol ............................................................................................................. 324
Xayol to 'g 'ris id a um um iy t u s h u n c h a ..................................324
Xayol turlari t o ‘g ‘risida u m u m iy t u s h u n c h a ..................... 327
X ayolning x u su siy a tla ri........................................................... 329
Xayolning analitik-sintetik x u s u s iy a tla r i............................329
Xayol jarayonlarining fiziologik a s o s l a r i ............................333
Xayol shakllari t o ‘g lrisida t u s h u n c h a ................................... 335
XVIII bob
D iq q a t............................................................................................................338
Diqqat t o lg ‘risida umumiy t u s h u n c h a ................................ 338
D iq q atn in g fiziologik asoslari ................................................ 342
X o tim a .......................................................................................................... 346
к
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G ‘57
G*oziyev E. G ‘
P s ix o lo g iy a : K a s b - h u n a r kollejlari u c h u n d a r s l i k /
E. G \ G 'o z i y c v ; 0 ‘z К Oliy va o ' r i a m a x su s t a ’lim
v a z irlig i, 0 ‘r t a m a x su s, k a s b - h u n a r t a ’limi m a r -
kazi. - T .: , , 0 ‘q i t u v c h i “ N M I U , 2 0 0 8 . - 3 5 2 b.
B B K 8 8 . 3 Va 772
G ' O Z I Y E V E R G A S H G O Z I Y E V 1 C H
P S I X O L O G I Y A
K a s b - h u n a r k o lle jla r i u c h u n d a r s lik
„O'q/tuvchi“ ncishriyot-matbaa ijociiy uyi
Toshkent — 2008
S
f i
,
M u h a r r i r l a r :
B. Qodirov, L. Jo'rayev
B a d i i y m u h a r r i r
Sit. X o ja y e v
T c x n i k m u h a r r i r
S. Tursunova
с
M u s a h h i h
M. Ibrohimova
K o m p y u t e r d a s a h i f a l o v e h i /..
Jo'rayev
K. Hamidullaveva
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